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Topic: Pyruvic acid

Related Topics

Acid

Krebs cycle

Propionic acid

Lactate

Lactic acid

Lactic fermentation

Pyruvate

Malic acid

Formic acid

Butyric acid

Pyrophosphoric acid

Citric acid

Stearic acid

Valeric acid

Nitric acid

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	Pyruvic Acid - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		PYRUVIC ACID, Or [[Pyroracemic Acid, Ch 3 Co Co 2 H]], an organic acid first obtained by J. Berzelius by the dry distillation of tartaric or racemic acids (Pogg.
		It readily condenses with aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of sulphuric acid.
		Pyruvic nitrile, or acetyl cyanide, CH 3 CO. CN, may be prepared by the action of silver cyanide on acetyl chloride; or of acetyl chloride on nitrosoacetone (L. Claisen and 0.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Pyruvic_Acid (349 words)

	Medical Uses of Pyruvate (pyruvic acid) - Diet-and-Health
		Pyruvate (also known as pyruvic acid) occurs naturally in the body and is an end product of the metabolism of sugar or starch.
		First, pyruvate has the opportunity to be transformed into another molecule, which in turn is sent to another energy producing pathway known as the Krebs cycle, named in honor of Hans Krebs, the biochemist who discovered it.
		Lactic acid is responsible for the burning sensation in muscles that people feel when they exercise too hard, as well as for causing muscles to fatigue during exercise.
	www.diet-and-health.net /Supplements/Pyruvate.html (1429 words)

	Pyruvic Acid, Blood
		Pyruvate in the perchloric acid supernatant is stable for at least 1 month refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C. Freezing is not recommended.
		Pyruvic acid is useful in assessing oxygen deprivation and provides an index of the severity of circulatory failure.
		Because of the time required to obtain serum or plasma from drawn blood, the pyruvic acid values observed with plasma are likely to be different from the true initial values; therefore, the use of whole blood with subsequent protein precipitation for pyruvic acid determination is recommended.
	www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/sc019300.htm (263 words)

	Carboxylic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alkene oxidatative cleavage by potassium permanganate or chromic acid.
		Alkylbenzene oxidation of potassium permanganate to benzoic acids.
		Carboxylic acids are decarboxylated in the Hunsdiecker reaction and α-brominated in the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky halogenation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carboxylic_acid (919 words)

	Pyruvic acid
		Pyruvic acid (CH H) is an alpha-keto acid, of the keto acid group.
		Provided that sufficient oxygen is available, pyruvic acid is then broken down through the Kreb's cycle.
		If insufficient oxygen is available, the acid is broken down anerobically, creating lactic acid.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/py/Pyruvic_acid.html (53 words)

	Klenner Protocol for MS
		It is important to recognize that all the intermediates between glucose and pyruvic acid contain an ionized phosphate group and that ionized molecules are generally unable to cross the lipid barrier of a cell membrane.
		Pyruvic acid, which comes from phosphenolpyruvate, the last step in glycolysis, and which cannot be reversed once acted upon by coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A, can be produced by direct decarboxylation of oxalacetic acid.
		Pyruvic acid from this source can be phosphorylated in the presence of ATP to form phosphopyruvate, and this can then serve as a direct precursor of the hexoses and glycogen by the reversal of the glycolytic system.
	www.townsendletter.com /Klenner/klenner2.htm (2149 words)

	Alpha-Lipoic Acid
		Alpha-lipoic acid, also known as thioctic acid, is a disulfide compound that is a cofactor in vital energy-producing reactions in the body.
		Alpha-lipoic acid is approved in Germany as a drug for the treatment of polyneuropathies, such as diabetic and alcoholic polyneuropathies, and liver disease.
		Claims that lipoic acid slows aging of the brain and is an anti-aging substance generally seem to be related to its potent antioxidant properties.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/alp_0159.shtml (2111 words)

	Health Store-Creatine Product Information
		Pyruvate is the "salt" for of Pyruvic Acid.
		Pyruvic Acid is a naturally occurring substance found in various foods (especially in certain types of fruits and vegetables) and is produced in our bodies as a by product of glucose metabolism.
		Pyruvic Acid is very unstable by itself and must be bonded with some other substance (most commonly used are minerals including sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium).
	www.healthtalks.com /pages/store_info_creatinepyru.html (1076 words)

	Respiration
		Fats are converted, through a number of steps, into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA, which then enter the citric acid cycle to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which is then oxidized to form water.
		Similarly, glucose is converted, through a sequence of steps, into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA, which then enter into the citric acid cycle to generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which is then oxidized to make water.
		Once fat or glucose has been converted to pyruvic acid, it doesn't matter what it used to be.
	dl.clackamas.cc.or.us /ch106-07/respirat.htm (732 words)

	Anaerobic Reactions
		In the absence of oxygen to drive the last part of this process, the citric acid cycle suffers a sort of gridlock and is unable to function.
		Pyruvic acid picks up two additional hydrogen atoms to become lactic acid, so this is a reduction reaction.
		Previously, we didn't go into the details of it, but in the conversion of glucose to pyruvic acid, four hydrogens with their elctrons had to be removed.
	dl.clackamas.cc.or.us /ch106-07/anaerobi.htm (1045 words)

	Lactic Acid
		Initially, pyruvic acid and small amounts of ATP are generated from the breakdown of glucose.
		The pyruvic acid mixed with oxygen is converted to carbon dioxide, water and ATP.
		The removal of accumulated lactic acid helps avert excessively high levels, and the conversion of lactate into glucose helps maintain sufficient levels of blood glucose, which is important during prolonged exercise.
	tkdtutor.com /11Training/LacticAcid.htm (1556 words)

	Pyruvate, Pyruvic Acid
		Pyruvate (the buffered form of pyruvic acid) is a product created in the body during the metabolism of carbohydrates and protein.
		Pyruvate is formed in the body as a byproduct of the normal metabolism of carbohydrates and protein and is present in several foods, including red
		Because it is not an essential nutrient, pyruvate is not associated with a deficiency state.
	www.truestarhealth.com /Notes/2903001.html (452 words)

	Chemistry - Pyruvic acid
		In the laboratory, pyruvic acid may be prepared by heating tartaric acid mixed with potassium hydrogen sulphate, or by the hydrolysis of acetyl cyanide formed from acetyl chloride, by reaction with potassium cyanide:
		A molecule of glucose breaks down into two pyruvic acid molecules, and these are then used to provide further energy, in one of two ways.
		Provided that sufficient oxygen is available, pyruvic acid is broken down to carbon dioxide in a series of reactions known as the Krebs cycle.
	www.chemistrydaily.com /chemistry/Pyruvic_acid (209 words)

	Articles by Thomas Griner
		Not only does pyruvic acid not require a time-consuming trip from the periphery, it provides the anaerobic glycolytic energy two and one-half times faster than aerobic energy is provided by the aerobic mitochondria.
		Therefore, the PH triggers the pyruvic acid to be converted to lactic acid (the lactic acid has to be greater than 10 times more concentrated than pyruvic acid to prevent this conversion).
		Pyruvic acid oxidation measurements show that at this lowest metabolic rate (basal), pyruvic acid to lactic acid conversion is 50%,; so one pyruvic acid molecule is aerobically oxidized from the two produced by glycolysis.
	www.neurosoma.com /griner_articles.html (2372 words)

	Pyruvatine, the next generation in pyruvate for weight loss, energy, and endurance.
		Pyruvic Acid is most commonly bound to calcium or sodium.
		Interestingly, the obese women in the later study who ingested 30 grams of pyruvate lost nearly as much weight (13 pounds vs. 14.3 pounds) and fat (8.8 pounds vs. 9.5 pounds) as the women in the earlier study (who ingested 16 grams of pyruvate), despite ingesting twice the number of calories (1,000 vs. 500).
		Greenway says that pyruvate is "a normal constituent of human metabolism, so its safety should be high." He agrees with the research on improved exercise performance and weight/fat loss, but also adds that "pyruvate decreases cholesterol in a high-fat diet, has important antioxidant activity and seems to improve cardiac function."
	www.rdsco.com /nutsup/pyruvatine.html (1143 words)

	Sweet Onion Pungency Analysis
		Instead, we measure pyruvic acid which is a byproduct of the flavour reaction and is relatively quickly and easily measured.
		Pyruvic acid levels vary between about 1 and 18 micromoles for different onion cultivars.
		The concentration of pyruvic acid in an onion bulb is used to measure the pungency of an onion.
	www.mkseeds.com.au /sweet.htm (878 words)

	Doctor A.P. John
		Consequently, pyruvic acid, the normal end product of glycolysis, which normally would enter the mitochondria for its total combustion into energy, is instead converted to lactic acid.
		In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid, which is then carried into the mitochondria and totally converted into carbon dioxide and water by the Krebs cycle.
		Consequently, the pyruvic acid resulting from glycolysis cannot be carried into the mitochondria for total combustion into energy and is instead converted into lactic acid.
	www.apjohncancerinstitute.org /doctor.htm (1602 words)

	NAI: News Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This latest project to replicate primitive vent conditions used a recipe of iron sulfide (one of the ingredients of the earth's crust), formic acid (detected even today in thermal vents), and alkyl thiol (a sulfurous compound similar to alcoholthat is produced by the combination of iron sulfide and carbon monoxide).
		Synthesis of pyruvic acid is necessary for a primitive anaerobic (non-oxygen-requiring) metabolism to develop.
		The scientists state that the synthesis of pyruvic acid is a critical step for the origin of life, and they conclude that the natural synthesis of such compounds would occur wherever hydrothermal fluids pass through iron sulfide-containing crust.
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/pyruvic.htm (934 words)

	Skin wash composition - Patent 6162774
		A composition according to claim 1 wherein the acid is citric acid, malic acid, maleic acid, pyruvic acid, hydroxy-octanoic acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid or glycolic acid.
		Lactic acid will suitably be present in compositions of the invention at a concentration in the range 0.1 to 5.0% w/w, more suitably in the range 0.5 to 2.5% w/w.
		Generally the acid and the surfactants making up the detergent base, together with any additives, are dissolved in solvent, the pH of the resulting mixture is checked and adjusted if appropriate and the viscosity of the composition is set to the desired level by addition of thickening agents.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6162774.html (2290 words)

	Garlic Chemistry - A Review of Analytical Methods
		The presence of large amounts of pyruvic acid in Allium tissue was first detected qualitatively by Bennet while Morgan proved its presence by isolation of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivative.
		In 1955, Jager published a method whereby pyruvic acid is reacted with acidified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and the resultant yellow-coloured derivative measured colorimetrically.
		This technique was used in the late 1950's by Alfonso et al in a study of Mexican garlic varieties and later in a modified form by Schwimmer et al in the study of alliinase.
	www.garlicworld.co.uk /flavour/Analytical%20Review (686 words)

	Respiration Review
		During lactic acid fermentation, lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid.
		After lactic acid is formed it may accumulate and cause the symptoms we associate with fatigue.
		The presence of lactic acid in the human body is partially responsible for the tired feeling that we call fatigue and for the subsequent muscle aches and pains that accompany too much strenuous exercise or activity.
	www.utm.edu /departments/cens/biology/faculty_pages/respirat.htm (2281 words)

	Cellular Respiration
		Once our muscles form lactic acid, they can’t do anything else with it, so until it is gradually washed away by the blood stream and carried to the liver (which is able to get rid of it), our over-exerted muscles feel stiff and sore even if they haven’t been physically injured.
		In eukaryotes, the pyruvic acid from glycolysis must be transferred into the mitochondria to be sent through the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, at a “cost” of one ATP per molecule of pyruvic acid.
		In this cycle, discovered by Hans Krebs, the pyruvic acid molecules are converted to CO, and two more ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose.
	biology.clc.uc.edu /courses/bio104/cellresp.htm (2312 words)

	The Austin Chronicle Columns: To Your Health
		Alpha-lipoic acid is often referred to as the "universal antioxidant" because it is soluble in both water and fat.
		Alpha-lipoic acid is involved in the conversion of carbohydrates to energy.
		If alpha-lipoic acid is inadequate, instead of being used for energy the pyruvate is broken down to lactic acid, and this leads to muscle fatigue.
	www.austinchronicle.com /gyrobase/Issue/column?oid=oid:175302 (674 words)

	Respiration
		The Pyruvic acid is broken down in to Lactic acid in animal cells, and Ethyl alcohol in plant cells.
		Lactic acid cannot be excreted from the cell and accumulates especially in muscle cells.
		When oxygen is restored to the cells, the lactic acid is changed back into pyruvic acid.
	mysite.verizon.net /vze6jxlz/rs/9/respiration.htm (523 words)

	You are What You Eat \| Plant Biology
		In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvic acid from the glycolysis reactions is converted to lactic acid via the addition of two hydrogen atoms supplied by NADH2.
		For alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid from the glycolysis reaction is converted to the compound acetaldehyde.
		The citric acid cycle is the means by which energy is derived from the pyruvic acid that is produced in glycolysis.
	www.eng.auburn.edu /users/wfgale/usda_course/section0_2_page_3.htm (1761 words)

	Pyruvate Supplement Information
		Pyruvate is a form of an organic acid called pyruvic acid.
		Pyruvate is involved in energy synthesis in most living organisms.
		Pyruvate can be found in high concentration in a few fruits (apples) and vegetables, as well as in dark beer and red wine.
	www.nutrasanus.com /pyruvate.html (439 words)

	Nutrition, Metabolism, & Energetics
		reconversion of lactic and pyruvic acids to glucose
		Although the 3D version requires the MDL Chemscape CHIME plug-in, this is a nice presentation of the citric acid cycle and
		Occurs in mitochondrial matrix and is fueled by pyruvic acid and fatty
	webpages.charter.net /cfmoxey/lectures/metabolism_energetics_m0.html (2788 words)

	Pyruvic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These reactions are named after Hans Adolf Krebs, the biochemist awarded the 1953 Nobel Prize for physiology, jointly with Fritz Lipmann, for research into metabolic processes.
		As such, requisite biochemical materials must have preceded life and recent experiments indicate that pyruvate can be synthesized abiotically.
		Thus, argues Günter Wächtershäuser, the mixing of iron-rich crust with hydrothermal vent fluid is suspected of providing the fertile basis for the formation of life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyruvic_acid (511 words)

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