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	QS21
		Cancer.gov QS21 is a plant extract that, when added to some vaccines, may improve the immune response.
		QS21 is used to enhance the immune response.
		QS21 is a plant extract that, when added to some vaccines, may improve the immune response.
	www.cancer-help.org /cancer/0604/QS21.html (210 words)

	QS21 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		QS21 is a plant extract that may improve the ability of the immune system to respond to disease.
		It is derived from the Soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria) found in the South American country of Chile.
		QS21 is currently under clinical evaluation as an additive for various trial vaccines, including those for HIV, malaria and cancer.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/QS21 (154 words)

	AEGiS-05CROI: QS21 is superior to alum as an adjuvant with low dose, recombinant MN gp120 for immunization of HIV-1 ...
		AEGiS-05CROI: QS21 is superior to alum as an adjuvant with low dose, recombinant MN gp120 for immunization of HIV-1 uninfected volunteers: cellular and humoral responses.
		QS21 is superior to alum as an adjuvant with low dose, recombinant MN gp120 for immunization of HIV-1 uninfected volunteers: cellular and humoral responses.
		QS21 with a low doses of recombinant gp120 (3-30 micrograms) resulted in both humoral and cellular responses that were significantly higher than with the use of alum adjuvant.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/CROI/1998/88.html (406 words)

	wiki/QS21 Definition / wiki/QS21 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is derived from the Soap bark treeThe Soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria) is an evergreen tree in the family Rosaceae, native to subtropical central Chile.
		It is currently being tested as an adjuvant in various vaccinesA vaccine (named after vaccinia, the infectious agent of cowpox, which, when vaccinated, provides protection against smallpox) is used to enhance to response of the immune system.
		QS21 is currently under clinical evaluation as an additive for various trial vaccines, including those for HIV The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a frequently mutating retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and which has been shown to cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)....
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/QS21 (805 words)

	Abstract 190 - Effect of Adjuvant QS21 on Antibody Response by rgp120 Vaccines. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Background:The saponin adjuvant QS21 is known to enhance induction of antibody to rgp120 in HIV- uninfected human volunteers.
		Results:Subjects immunized with 0.5 or 3mg of rgp120 plus QS21 exhibited slightly higher antibody responses than those immunized with 600mg of rgp120 plus alum, as measured by rgp120 or V2/V3 peptide ELISA, indicating that the dose-sparing effect of QS21 is about 1,000 fold.
		In contrast, subjects immunized with 0.5, 3, or 30mg of rgp120 plus QS21 all exhibited similar neutralization titers, which were slightly higher than those of subjects immunized with 600mg of rgp120 plus alum.
	www.retroconference.org /2001/abstracts/abstracts/abstracts/190.htm (195 words)

	Patent 6,451,320
		Such formulations comprising QS21 and cholesterol have been shown to be successful TH1 stimulating adjuvants when formulated together with an antigen.
		A particularly potent adjuvant formulation involving QS21, 3D-MPL and tocopherol in an oil in water emulsion is described in WO 95/17210.
		The HSV antigen in the composition of the invention is preferably derived from HSV-2, typically glycoprotein D. Glycoprotein D is located on the viral membrane, and is also found in the cytoplasm of infected cells (Eisenberg R. et al; J of Virol 1980, 35, 428-435).
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2002/September2002/091702/6451320_Hepatitis091702.htm (4129 words)

	AEGiS-13IAC: Low dose immunization using the adjuvant QS21 in combination with recombinant MN and/or bivalent MN/A244 ...
		However, the lowest immunogenic dose of gp120 used in combination with QS21 was not determined, and local reactogenicity was remarkable.
		METHODS: A study was undertaken in 60 HIV-1 seronegative, low-risk volunteers using a QS21 (100 m g) formulation buffered with polysorbate 80 in combination with recombinant HIV-1 MN gp120, 3 m g or 0.5 m g (VaxGen), 6 m g bivalent MNgp120/A244 (Thai E), or placebo, administered on a 0, 1, 6 month schedule.
		CONCLUSIONS: This formulation of QS21 in polysorbate 80 appeared to reduce the number of severe local reactions, and allowed for a dose of 0.5 m g gp120 to be used with similar immunogenicity to that achieved with 100 to 600 m g in alum in previous studies.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/iac/2000/WeOrC559.html (529 words)

	AEGiS-08CROI: Effect of adjuvant QS21 on antibody response by rgp120 vaccines.
		Background: The saponin adjuvant QS21 is known to enhance induction of antibody to rgp120 in HIV-uninfected human volunteers.
		Results: Subjects immunized with 0.5 or 3 µg of rgp120 plus QS21 exhibited slightly higher antibody responses than those immunized with 600 µg of rgp120 plus alum, as measured by rgp120 or V2/V3 peptide ELISA, indicating that the dose-sparing effect of QS21 is about 1,000 fold.
		In contrast, subjects immunized with 0.5, 3, or 30 µg of rgp120 plus QS21 all exhibited similar neutralization titers, which were slightly higher than those of subjects immunized with 600 µg of rgp120 plus alum.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/CROI/2001/190.html (335 words)

	ICI/FOCIS 2004 Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We studied cellular immune responses to a novel adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine in a study group of liver transplant recipients who underwent transplantation for hepatitis B-related disease.
		Liver transplant recipients under immunosuppressive therapy were immunized in a phase I study with different concentrations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) formulated with the novel adjuvants 3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS21 (Bienzle et al., Hepatology 2003;38:811-819).
		Thus adjuvation of antigens with MPL and QS21 maybe a novel methology to induce specific immune responses in immunocompromised patients.
	www.immuno2004.org /onlineabstracts/2611.html (247 words)

	10th CROI Abstract #426 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Background: We have shown previously that an anti-HIV lipopeptide vaccine using large peptides derived from regulatory or structural HIV-1 proteins (Nef, Gag, and Env) injected alone or with QS21 adjuvant to HIV-uninfected volunteers is well tolerated and is able to induce immune responses already after three injections (ANRS, VAC 04).
		In the present report, we studied the booster immunization after a 4th injection, the long-term immune response measured 2 yrs after the first injection of the vaccine, and the QS21 adjuvant effect.
		Methods: This vaccine was injected alone or with QS21 adjuvant to 28 HIV-uninfected volunteers.
	www.retroconference.org /2003/CD/Abstract/426.htm (382 words)

	Cancer symptoms treatments - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Determine the safety of glycosylated MUC-2-Globo H-KLH conjugate vaccine with adjuvant QS21 in patients with prostate cancer.
		Biological therapies such as QS21 use different ways to stimulate the immune system and stop cancer cells from growing.
		Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining vaccine therapy with QS21 in treating patients who have prostate cancer.
	www.dfci.harvard.edu /can/clinical/?audience_id=&doc=CDR69342.xml&is_active=False (626 words)

	Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Progressive Prostate Cancer
		Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Progressive Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Information presented on Clinical Trials Search isn't designed to be a substitute for certified healthcare advice, travels to or professional assistance using a genuine medical doctor.
		Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Progressive Prostate Cancer Clinical research trials and Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Progressive Prostate Cancer medical trials happen in hundreds of places across the United States.
		Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Progressive Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials and other clinical trials allow for volunteers to undergo medical treatment choices before they are available to the general public.
	www.clinicaltrialssearch.org /vaccine_therapy_plus_qs21_in_treating_patients_with_progressive_prostate_cancer.html (628 words)

	Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer
		Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Information presented on Clinical Trials Search is not designed to be a substitute for proven healthcare advice, travels to or treatment by using a genuine medical doctor.
		Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Clinical research trials and Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer healthcare trials take place in many of cities across the United States of America.
		Vaccine Therapy Plus QS21 in Treating Patients With Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials and other clinical trials allow for volunteers to access medical treatment alternatives before they are available to the masses.
	www.clinicaltrialssearch.org /vaccine_therapy_plus_qs21_in_treating_patients_with_prostate_cancer.html (660 words)

	Vaccination with CD20 peptides induces a biologically active, specific immune response in mice -- Roberts et al. 99 ...
		QS21 was supplied by Aquila Pharmaceuticals (Framingham, MA).
		QS21 were diluted in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to
		Serum samples from the vaccinated mice were tested in an ELISA against the indicated antigens at a 1:200 dilution as described in "Materials and methods." Open circles represent value for each individual mouse.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/99/10/3748 (5230 words)

	Patent 6,692,752
		Another preferred adjuvant which may be used in the present invention comprises QS21, an Hplc purified non-toxic fraction derived from the bark of Quillaja Saponaria Molina.
		Typically for human administration QS21 and 3D-MPL will be present in a vaccine in the range of 1.mu.g-500.mu.g, such as 10-100.mu.g, preferably 10.mu.g-50.mu.g per dose.
		In a preferred aspect aluminium hydroxide (alum) or aluminium phosphate will be included in the vaccine composition which is used or manufactured according to the invention.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2004/Feb2004/021704/6692752_HSV021704.htm (4057 words)

	Science's AIDScience Archive
		To evaluate the immunogenicity of low doses of MN rsgp 120/HIV-1 formulated with QS21 or alum.
		Initially, 5 patients will be randomized into each combination of MN rsgp 120/HIV-1 dose and adjuvant, QS21 or alum, along with 2 controls for each adjuvant group.
		An additional 10 patients will be randomized equally between the QS21 and alum arms to the lowest dose group having 2 or more responders defined as an MN Vital Dye neutralization titer greater than or equal to 10 measured at 2 weeks after the second vaccination.
	aidscience.org /Vaccinetrial.asp?ProjectNumber=80 (236 words)

	Induction of Antibodies against GM2 Ganglioside by Immunizing Melanoma Patients Using GM2-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin + ...
		QS21, a saponin fraction extracted from the bark of the South
		QS21 were mixed by the pharmacist just prior to administration.
		Peak anti-GM2 antibody titers in patients immunized with GM2-KLH + QS21 at GM2 doses of 1, 3, 10, 30, or 70 µg.
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/6/3/874 (3156 words)

	HIV Vaccine Trials Unit :..Saint Louis University School of Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The lower dose group with neutralizing antibody responses after two vaccinations (the 3 µg group) was increased to a total of 10 volunteers per treatment arm, and the control group was increased to 3 volunteers in each arm.
		The goal of this study is to extend the evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of low dose MN rsgp120/HIV in combination with QS21, as compared to combination with alum
		Assess whether the kinetics of antibody response with QS21 are more rapid and superior to that of the same antigen given in alum
	medschool.slu.edu /hvtu/index.phtml?page=016b&cat=paststudies (343 words)

	#1214-1999 Ganglioside Vaccines in Relapsed Prostate Cancer (PC): Experience with GM2-KLH Conjugate Plus the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As one of several antigens screened for incorporation into a future multivalent vaccine for pts who have failed primary therapies such as prostatectomy or radiation, attempts at augmenting the immunogenicity of GM2 was studied in a phase I trial using the immunologic adjuvant, QS21, at two different doses, 100 and 225 ug.
		Two groups of 9 pts were treated with GM2-KLH at 30 ug, given with either QS21 at 100 or 225 ug, the latter delivered as 3 injections as GM2-KLH at 10 ug to three separate sites with QS21 at 75 ug.
		Two pts receiving standard dose QS21 (100 ug) experienced grade II fever; 3 pts receiving high dose QS21 had grade I fever.
	www.france-cancer.org /cr/asco1999/abs-vespro/m_1214.htm (473 words)

	Clinical Trial: A Phase I, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled HIV-1 Vaccine Trial to Evaluate ...
		Studies to date indicate that there may be a dose-sparing effect with the use of QS21.
		In animal studies, when QS21 has been employed as an adjuvant, it shifted both the dose response curve and allowed less antigen to elicit equivalent binding antibody titers to the rgp120 protein.
		Although the final titers in response to vaccine given in both alum and QS21 appear similar after 3 doses in humans, this plateau may be reached more readily, and with a lower antigen dose, when using QS21 as an adjuvant.
	clinicaltrials.gov /ct/gui/c/a1b/screen/ResultScreen/action/GetStudy?order=1&xml_file_id=xmlfiles/NIAID__NCT00000853.xml@csdb&JServSessionIdcs_current=yeqbklw8sr (927 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Clinical Trials (PDQ®)
		Determine the optimal dose of Thompson-Friedenreich [TF(c)]-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) conjugate plus adjuvant QS21 that induces an antibody response in patients with prostate cancer.
		Patients receive TF(c)-KLH conjugate with adjuvant QS21 subcutaneously weekly for 3 weeks, then once during weeks 7 and 19.
		Cohorts of 5 patients each receive escalating doses of TF(c)-KLH vaccine until the optimal dose, based on antibody response, is reached.
	www.cancer.gov /clinicaltrials/MSKCC-98048 (310 words)

	Protocol 034
		The primary objectives of this study are to examine the safety and immune responses elicited by combining MN rgp120 or bivalent AIDSVAX™ B/E rgp120 vaccine (VaxGen) with the adjuvant QS21.
		In particular, the study will address whether the new preparation of QS21 in polysorbate 80 is less reactogenic than the QS21 formulation used in AVEG Protocols 016, 016A and 016B.
		Is the new QS21 formulation immunologically equivalent to that used in 016B?
	www.scharp.org /public/redbook/protocol/036.htm (305 words)

	Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage II or Stage III Melanoma That Ha...
		OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the immunogenicity of vaccination with melanoma antigen-pulsed dendritic cells vs melanoma antigens with QS21 adjuvant in patients with surgically resected stage IIB, IIC, or III melanoma.
		One day after the DC are exposed to the antigens, patients receive a priming injection of melanoma antigen-pulsed DC vaccine subcutaneously (SC) on day 1 of week 1.
		In both arms, patients then receive 3 booster injections of vaccine (that dose not contain KLH) SC monthly (weeks 4, 8, and 12) for a total of 4 injections.
	goldbamboo.com /topic-t3772-a122252.html (557 words)

	Cent Gardes - Programme et Abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The first trial VAC 04 was a dose-ranging phase I trial of a mixture of 6 HIV-LAI lipopeptides (3 NEF, 2 GAG, 1 ENV) with or without QS21 adjuvant.
		Twenty-eight healthy seronegative volunteers were randomized to receive increasing doses of each lipopeptide (100mg, 250mg or 500mg) at day 0, week 4 and week 16, followed by a boost at week 48.
		The aim was to test the ability of lipopeptides to boost responses against ENV and GAG (induced by vCP205) and responses to ENV, GAG and NEF (induced by vCP300).
	www.centgardes.org /us/c99/abstracts/salmon.html (666 words)

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