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	Qajar dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Qajars were a tribe of Turkic origin whose ancestral lands were in Ganja in present-day Azerbaijan, which was then part of Persia.
		The Qajar Imperial Family in exile is currently headed by the eldest descendant of Mohammad Ali Shah, Soltan Ali Mirza Qajar, while the Heir Presumptive to the Qajar throne is Mohammad Hassan Mirza II, the grandson of Mohammad Hassan Mirza, Soltan Ahmad Shah's brother and heir.
		Qajars Dynasty Turkoman dynasty of the Shahs of Persia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qajars (2147 words)

	b. Iran. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		AGHA MUHAMMAD SHAH, FOUNDER OF THE QAJAR DYNASTY.
		The Qajars, who ruled Iran until 1924, headed a weakly centralized regime in which strong provincial tribes and an increasingly independent religious establishment set limits on the power of the state.
		Under the influence of his prime minister, Hajji Mirza Aghasi, the shah displayed Sufi mystical tendencies and thus jeopardized the traditional role of the Qajar rulers as patrons of the Shi’ite clergy.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1349.html (941 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Qajars, James Nugent
		"A Qajar leader castrated in boyhood, Agha Mohammad Khan, was captured and kept under house in Shiraz, but on the death of a Zand ruler he escaped and returned to lead his tribal forces in battle, taking over much of Iran by 1790.
		The Qajars up to Reza Shah continued selling off the country to foreign powers, and focusing on their own pleasure vice the advancement and modernization of Iran.
		Had genuinely enlightened Qajar rulers ruled Iran it would be reasonable to assume that it would be a much different, and likely better off, nation today.
	www.iranian.com /Opinion/2003/December/Qajar/index.html (811 words)

	The Ultimate Qajar dynasty - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Qajar dynasty was the ruling family of Persia from 1796 to 1925.
		During the Qajar period Persia fell under the economic sway of European empires with the British and Russian Empires each creating a sphere of influence in Persia.
		The Qajar Shahs made several faltering attempts at modernization during the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, with a constitution and parliament being established in 1906.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Qajars (241 words)

	WORLD ENCYCLOPAEDIA - Iran - THE QAJARS, 1795-1925 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This time Agha Mohammad Qajar defeated the last Zand ruler outside Kerman in 1794 and made himself master of the country, beginning the Qajar dynasty that was to last until 1925.
		The Qajars revived the concept of the shah as the shadow of God on earth and exercised absolute powers over the servants of the state.
		The Qajars were unsuccessful, however, in their attempt to replace the army based on tribal levies with a European-style standing army having regular training, organization, and uniforms.
	encyclopaedic.net /world/iran/12.php (1026 words)

	Iranica.com - GORGAÚN
		The quarrel between Moháammad-H®asan Khan Qa@ja@r, son of Fathá-¿Ali Khan, with the governor, Moháammad-H®osayn Qa@ja@r, who was a prote‚ge‚ of Na@der, led to a number of clashes in Astara@ba@d, in which the former availed himself of the help of the Turkman tribes, especially the Yomuts (Marvi, pp.
		The difficulties of Zand government in Astara@ba@d essentially emanated from the Qajar tribes' unrest, which was aggravated by the death of Moháammad-H®asan Khan and the rise of his son, AÚg@a@ Moháammad Khan (q.v.), on the political scene.
		Na@sáer-al-Din Shah Qa@ja@r, Ruz-na@ma-ye safar-e Ma@zandara@n, Tehran, 1356 ˆ./1977.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v11f2/v11f2034a7.html (6357 words)

	Iran - THE QAJARS, 1795-1925
		Under the Qajars, the merchants and the ulama, or religious leaders, remained important members of the community.
		A large bureaucracy assisted the chief officers of the state, and, in the second half of the nineteenth century, new ministries and offices were created.
		Meanwhile, Britain twice landed troops in Iran to prevent the Qajars from reasserting a claim to Herat, lost after the fall of the Safavids.
	www.countrystudies.us /iran/12.htm (893 words)

	Iran & Iranian History - The Qajars :: Iran Visitor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Agha Mohammad Khan, leader of the Qajar tribe from what is now Azerbaijan, defeated the last of the Zand kings, Lotf Ali Khan, in 1794 and reclaimed territories that had been lost to Russia, reuniting Iran for the first time since the Safavids.
		The Shah himself became a victim of his reforms when he was assassinated by a hardliner in 1896 after attending a prayer service in Rey.
		Nasser would prove to be the last of the Qajar kings with true vision and ability.
	www.iranvisitor.com /culture/qajars.html (973 words)

	Quba Khanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quba khanate was founded as a feudal hold around 1680 as a result of a land grant to Saytaq (Kaytaq) family.
		Saytaq family was related to both Qajars and Utsmi (Duke) of Tarqi in Dagestan, and was thus, highly respected among other khanates of Azerbaijan.
		After Fath Ali Khan's death the khanate's influence declined as a result of Agha Khan Qajar's conquests and devastation its brought, and alliance of Northern khanates disentagrated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quba_Khanate (249 words)

	UCLA Today: 990322 L.A.'s
		The exhibition insists that we take a new look at Qajar art, and that we reconsider the era as a period of interest unto itself, as a notable development in the history of Persian (and Islamic) art and, for better or worse, as the foundation of modern Iran's condition.
		The Qajars' reasons for developing a new kind of painting were as much propagandistic as aesthetic.
		A new appreciation for this artistic achievement and a re-evaluation of the supposedly decadent Qajar dynasty and the Iran it ruled emerges strongly in Royal Persian Paintings.
	www.today.ucla.edu /1999/990322la_s.html (1234 words)

	UCLA Magazine
		Admittedly, the Qajars did not exactly revive the grandeur and dominance of the Biblical era or the Safavid dynasty of the 16th and 17th centuries.
		The Qajars' reasons for developing a new kind of painting were as much propagandistic as aesthetic; indeed, there is strong evidence that the great early-Qajar ruler Fath' Ali Shah, nephew of the dynasty's founder, Aqa Muhammad Khan, sought to institute a kind of cultural Renaissance in his court.
		A new appreciation for this artistic achievement, and a resulting re-evaluation of the supposedly decadent Qajar dynasty and the Iran it ruled, emerges strongly in Royal Persian Paintings.
	www.magazine.ucla.edu /year1999/spring99_01_3.html (299 words)

	From Ancient Persia to Contemporary Iran - History of Iran Timeline
		However, the Qajar period also enjoyed a high degree of artistic excellence, producing some of Iran's finest paintings, tileworks and architectural monuments.
		As a result of the 1828 treaty, the Qajars were forced to enact the "Capitulation" law, exempting all foreign citizens from Iranian jurisdiction.
		The Qajars and influential members of their court were bribed to sell many valuable concessions to the British, such as the Tobacco Concession which triggered a massive popular uprising.
	www.mage.com /TLbody.html (5130 words)

	UCLA Magazine
		If educated Iranians such as those who have flocked here think at all of the Qajars, the ruling dynasty that preceded the reign of the Pahlavis, they regard their period as one of decadence.
		Certainly, according to Hossein Ziai, director of UCLA's Iranian Studies Program, the Qajars' last years, between the constitutional revolution of 1906-1907 and the accession of Riza Shah Pahlavi (the elder) in 1925, did not reflect well on the dynasty.
		But Ziai and several essayists in the hefty and engrossing catalogue to the exhibition all stress that the Qajars maintained the remarkable tradition of tolerance that has characterized Iranian civilization ever since its Biblical days of empire.
	www.magazine.ucla.edu /year1999/spring99_01_2.html (381 words)

	Shi'a: Modern Iran
		By the end of the century, infighting and civil produced a new dynasty, the Qajar dynasty, in 1796.
		In 1796, Agha Muhammad, the leader of the Qajars, became Shah of Iran and though he ruled only one year, he managed to firmly establish the Qajars as rulers of Iran.
		In relationship to the ulama, the Qajars ceded one half of the Safavid title, "Shadow of God on earth and representative of the Hidden Imam," by declaring the ulama, "Representative of the Hidden Imam." To this day, the ulama of Iran claim this title which gives them tremendous authority over Shi'ite life in Iran.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/SHIA/MODERN.HTM (2568 words)

	Qajars (Kadjars) and The Constitutional Revolution of 1905
		Qajars (Kadjars) and The Constitutional Revolution of 1905
		The subject of the Constitutional Revolution and the role of the Qajars (Kadjars) in it, is an extremely complex one.
		Nikki Keddie, Qajar Iran and the Rise of Reza Khan, 1796-1925, Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa, 1999.
	www.qajarpages.org /qajrevol.html (845 words)

	Kadjar Family Association
		So long as the Qajars (Kadjars) were in power, and even before when they were local rulers over a vast area and a large tribe and people, the question of consciously gathering them together under the banner of one organization was never germane.
		Those Qajars today form the Azeri branches of the family, but even during their time of exile, their presence was a matter of record at the court, and their members welcome in later years as elder cousins and descendants of Bahman Mirza, son of Abbas Mirza Nayeb-Saltaneh.
		The world has become an amalgam of peoples and nations, and the Qajars have become part of that amalgam as well, raising many generations of young Qajars abroad who remember less and less what their early roots were and what their familial connections to the larger whole are.
	www.kadjarfamily.org /introduction.cfm (1302 words)

	History of Iran: Qajar Dynasty
		Agha Mohammad Khan defeated numerous rivals and brought all of Iran under his rule, establishing the Qajar dynasty.
		During Naser o-Din Shah's reign Western science, technology, and educational methods were introduced into Iran and the country's modernization was begun.
		The occupation of Iran during World War I (1914-18) by Russian, British, and Ottoman troops was a blow from which Ahmad Shah never effectively recovered.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/qajar/qajar.php (1650 words)

	Iran and the Eastern Question
		Although Nader Shah achieved political unity, his military campaigns and extortionate taxation proved a terrible drain on a country already ravaged and depopulated by war and disorder, and in 1747 he was murdered by chiefs of his own Afshar tribe.
		A period of anarchy and a struggle for supremacy among Afshar, Qajar, Afghan, and Zand tribal chieftains followed Nader Shah's death.
		In October 1925, a Majlis dominated by Reza Khan's men deposed the Qajar dynasty; in December the Majlis conferred the crown on Reza Khan and his heirs.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/593Iran.html (3850 words)

	International Qajar Studies Association: Constitution
		In pursuance of this mission, the International Qajar Studies Association seeks to be a sponsor of research, publication and discussion of topics related to the Qajars (Kadjars) and the Qajar (Kadjar) era.
		Establish an archive of Qajar (Kadjar) related documents; a collection of Qajar (Kadjar) paintings and photographs (or copies); a collection of Qajar (Kadjar) memorabilia; and a library of books and manuscripts related to the Qajars (Kadjars) and their time.
		In case of dissolution, the Association, by a majority vote of its Board, shall decide on how to dispose of its assets according to the laws governing the disposal of assets of not-for-profit institutions in the state and/or country in which the Association is incorporated.
	www.qajarstudies.org /IQSAConstitution.html (2975 words)

	Nineteenth-Century Iran: Art and the Advent of Modernity \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After the turmoil and strife of the eighteenth century in Persia, the rise to power of the Qajar dynasty (1779–1924) signaled a new peace and unity for the country.
		Lifesize paintings were also displayed in the private areas of the palaces such as the living quarters and small reception rooms, but here the subject matter tended to be poetic and sensual in tone and included material such as dancing girls and still lifes.
		Under his influence, Qajar painting was transformed to include a new degree of naturalism and a greater interest in genre scenes, slices of everyday life that he captured alongside the official portraits he was commissioned to paint.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/irmd/hd_irmd.htm (1193 words)

	Raving about the Qajar dynasty on Yub.com
		The Achaemenians, Sassanians, Safavids, and Qajars are some of the more well-known dynasties to have supplied Iran with her long line of Shahs.
		The Qajar dynasty (1792-1925) established itself amid the chaos of late eighteenth-century Iran, reuniting the country under its first ruler, Aga Mohammad Khan.
		The Qajar period was characterized by a slow process of modernisation as well as an increasing European influence in Iranian affairs.
	www.yub.com /raves/?raveID=20963 - http://www.yub.com/raves/?raveID=20963 (458 words)

	Qajar titles - www.ezboard.com
		The Qajars (Kadjars) adopted and adapted many of the appellations and titles current in their time in the Islamic world.
		However, today many of the appellations and titles the Qajars (Kadjars) used in their time have come to be uniquely and exclusively associated with them.
		Title claimed by Qajar (Kadjar) rulers as they were still indeed rulers over several local shahs and as they saw themselves as successors to the Safavid Empire.
	p202.ezboard.com /fbabkhafrm30.showMessage?topicID=60.topic (1417 words)

	The Qajar (Kadjar) Dynasty Pages Table of Contents
		The Golestan Palace: Residence of the Qajar (Kadjar) Shahs
		Emblems of Qajar (Kadjar) Rulers: The Lion and the Sun
		Soltan Ahmad Shah and the Coup of 1925-26
	www.qajarpages.org /qajtoc.html (186 words)

	Qajars Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Qajars - Turkoman dynasty of the shahs of Persia
		Their leader, Agha Muhammad Khan (1779-1797), took over power in Persia (with the bloody removal of the land in Kerman in 1794, and of the Afsharids in Mashhad in 1796), united the nation, and adopted the title of shah in 1796.
		The powerless last Qajars, Ahmed Mirza (1909-1925), had to accept the occupation of further parts of Persia by the British and Russians (leading to a British protectorate in 1919), as well as revolts by the Shiites in the south.
	www.islamicarchitecture.org /dynasties/qajars.html (809 words)

	history
		The Qajars, a Turkic group who gained power over Persia in 1795, had located themselves in Tehran’s current location primarily due to its climate, which made it an effective area for hunting and grazing, the primary forms of subsistence for the Qajars.
		Yet it was a governmental decision of the first Qajar king which spurred the growth of the city.
		Besides the indirect centralization caused by the Russian conquests, the British influence, which was manifested in its efforts to make their exploitations of the city mutually beneficial for them and the Qajar leaders, was the first step in a long process towards westernization in Tehran.
	www.macalester.edu /geography/courses/geog261/dkravetz/history.html (1606 words)

	Iran's Constitutional Revolution
		In the face of the European threat, the Qajar regime found it necessary to initiate a series of military, administrative, educational, and judicial reforms.
		Following these wars, the Qajars were forced to sign the treaties of Gulistan in 1813 and Turchmanchay in 1828.
		For example an increasing number of Qajar princes were given names such as Farhad, Faraydun, Nushafarin, Isfandyar, Ardashir, Bahman, Kaykavus, Kayumars, Jamshid, and Khusraw.
	iranianstudies.ca /Const_Revolution/background.html (6160 words)

	Nineteenth-Century Iran: Continuity and Revivalism \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Thus the art of Iran in the nineteenth century must be understood as comprising two divergent yet intertwined trends, a push for modernity and a continuation of indigenous traditions.
		The Qajars reunified the country that had been torn apart and controlled by competing factions since the fall of the Safavids in 1722.
		His additions were lifesize and located at generally accessible sites such as Taq-i Bustan and Rayy and were thus meant to publicly link the Qajars with their legendary predecessors.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/crir/hd_crir.htm (722 words)

	qajars
		al-Sultan Muhammad Shah Qajar, the painting signed faintly in the lower leftt raqam kamtarim Ahmad 1260, within a border of panels of nastal'liq verses divided by cusped roundels containing a hymn in his praise, the calligraphy signed in a green cartouche in the lower right corner Muhammad Isma'il..., small repaired tear, re-lined, framed.
		The latter is unusual in that the Shah is shown in a dark coat, rather than his usual red, and without a diamond aigrette in his cap.
		Seized by the first Qajar ruler, Aqa Muhammad Khan, they were then worn by Fath 'Ali Shah, Muhammad Shah, and finally Nasr al-Din Shah, who then had the Darya-i Nur mounted, as it remains today (see V.B. Meen and A.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00routesdata/1700_1799/latermughals/qajars/qajars.html (2114 words)

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