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	c. Afghanistan. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The contested province of Qandahar moved between the two empires during this period but by 1700 became part of the Iranian sphere.
		The Afghan tribes of Ghilzay situated in Qandahar became essentially independent of Safavid rule, as did their enemies, the Abdali tribe located in Herat.
		The ruler of Iran captured Herat, Qandahar, Ghazna, and Kabul.
	www.bartleby.com /67/819.html (520 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The city of Qandahar is located in a fertile oasis near the Arghandab River.
		Kabul is the administrative capital of the country, located south of the Hindu Kush at the crossroads of the trade routes between the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia and between the Middle and Far East.
		Qandahar, second to Kabul in population, is located on the Asian Highway in the south-central part of the country, between Kabul and Herat.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/SettlementPatterns.shtm (725 words)

	Eqbal Ahmad
		Qandahar, an old city [in the southeast of Afghanistan] and monument in many ways to Afghan aesthetics, is a vast architectural ruin; its forbidden soul hides perhaps in the rubble.
		The town’s physical destruction was caused largely during the war between the communist regime and its Russian patron, and their Mujahideen ["warriors for the faith"] opponents.
		The few educated men I met in Jalalabad and Qandahar worked for a foreign agency., lived in hostels, and on weekends returned to their families in Pashawar or Quetta [in Pakistan].
	userhome.brooklyn.cuny.edu /sschaar/ahmad.htm (1344 words)

	Testimony on the Situation in Afghanistan Before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations - Council on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Taliban movement, originally based in the southern city of Qandahar, the heartland of Pashtun traditionalism and the homeland of Afghanistan's old royal clan, had conquered the Persian-speaking city of Herat, near the Iranian border, in September 1995.
		Qandahar and its environs, in particular, was the scene of frequent factional fighting.
		In Qandahar, in particular, internecine fighting had led to chronic insecurity-women were raped and abducted-and omnipresent checkpoints where armed men extorted tribute from traders and travelers.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=3088 (13397 words)

	Afghanistan Country Study
		After Ahmad returned to Qandahar in 1757, he was faced not only with uprisings in Baluch areas and in Herat but also with attacks by the Marathas on his domains in India, which succeeded in ousting Timor and his court.
		He was buried in Qandahar, where his epitaph, recalling his early connection with the Iranian monarchy, calls him a ruler equal to Emperor Cyrus.
		Although he was certainly interested in gaining control of both Herat and Qandahar (which was under the control of his brothers), his most immediate objective was to remove the Sikhs from the area around Peshawar.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/AhmedShahDurranni.html (4715 words)

	Afghanistan - Mughal-Safavid Rivalry, ca. 1500-1747
		The strategically important Kabul-Qandahar axis was the primary forces of competition between the Mughals and the Safavids, and Qandahar itself changed hands several times during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
		As the area around Qandahar changed hands back and forth between the two great empires on either side, the local Pashtun tribes exploited the situation to their advantage by extracting concessions from both sides.
		Early in the eighteenth century, one of the Pashtun tribes, the Hotaki, seized Qandahar from the Safavids, and a group of Ghilzai Pashtuns subsequently made greater inroads into Safavid territory.
	countrystudies.us /afghanistan/10.htm (593 words)

	Afghanistan Country Study
		Indeed, most of the Hindu Kush area during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was a major bone of contention between the Mughals of India on the one hand and the powerful Safavi Dynasty of Iran on the other.
		As the area around Qandahar shifted back and forth between the two great empires on either side, the local Pashtun tribes were able to exploit the situation to their advantage, extracting concessions from both sides.
		Qandahar and Kabul were conquered in 1738 by Nadir Shah, who was called the Napoleon of Persia.
	www.gl.iit.edu /govdocs/afghanistan/IslamicConquest.html (1932 words)

	Afghanland.com Afghanistan Rise and Fall of the Taliban
		The situation around the southern city of Qandahar was particularly precarious: the city was divided among different forces, and civilians had little security from murder, rape, looting, or extortion.
		Two weeks later the Taliban freed a Pakistani trade convoy that was being held by commanders demanding exorbitant tolls outside Qandahar; the convoy's real objective was to examine the feasibility of constructing a rail line along the route-a priority for the government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.
		The Qandahar attack was also notable for the appearance of large numbers of afghan refugee madrasa students serving as soldiers for the Taliban, most of who entered Afghanistan by bus at the newly seized Chaman/Spin Boldak crossing with the knowledge of Pakistani border officials.
	www.afghanland.com /history/taliban.html (1871 words)

	granma.cu - Suicide attacks in Afghanistan result in 25 deaths
		KABUL (PL).—Two suicide attacks in the province of Qandahar on Monday, attributed to opponents of the U.S. occupation, resulted in 25 deaths, three of them of soldiers, and more than 30 wounded, in the main civilians.
		According to Asadula Jalid, governor of the province of Qandahar, a suicide attacker on a motorbike detonated an explosive charge this afternoon in a crowded market in the Spin Boldak locality, in the border area with Pakistan.
		In that action 20 people died and an equal number were wounded, according to the source, which placed the blame on rebels belonging to the Taliban, whose government was crushed during the US invasion of 2001.
	www.granma.cu /ingles/2006/enero/mar17/04afgan.html (340 words)

	Ghilzai :: Khyber.ORG
		They are concentrated in the area between the Durand Line in the southeast and a line stretching from Qandahar via Ghazni to Kabul, and eastwards to Jalalabad in the northeast.
		After Shah Abbas I (997-1039 Hijri (1587-1629)) relocated the Abdali vassals from Qandahar to Herat, the Ghilzi, especially the Hotaks, became dominant in the former city.
		After his death in 1128 Hijri (1715), he was succeeded in Qandahar by his brother, Abdul Aziz, but he was killed by Mir Wais's son, Mahámud Hotak, who succeeded him in 1130 Hijri (1717).
	www.khyber.org /pashtotribes/g/ghilzai-b.shtml (1783 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The commander of the Shah's 4,000-man Afghan bodyguard was Ahmad Khan Abdali, who returned to Qandahar where he was elected king (shah) by a tribal council.
		Because of this opposition, Timur shifted his capital from Qandahar to Kabul in 1776.
		Shah Shoja''s troops were routed, and he withdrew from Afghanistan and found asylum with the British at Ludhiana in 1815.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Dynasty.Durrani.shtm (473 words)

	Mullah Naqibullah :: Khyber.ORG
		The Taleban handed over their weapons in Qandahar to Mullah Naqibullah, a former Mujahideen Commander and a local Tribal Elder.
		But he was disillusioned with the increasingly corrupt Mujahideen fighters, and when the Taleban first emerged in 1994 as a political force, he switched sides by handing the city to the Taleban.
		Mullah Naqibullah is thought of amongst the Pashtun tribes as a honest broker, untarnished by many of the excesses of either the Taleban or the old Mujahideen fighters.
	www.khyber.org /people/ulema/MullahNaqibullah.shtml (214 words)

	Mughal Empire 1526-1707 by Sanderson Beck
		In 1595 the Persian commandant of Qandahar defected to the Mughals, and 'Abdullah Khan surrendered it to Akbar.
		In 1611 Emperor Jahangir married a Persian widow of one of his officers who was given the name Nur Jahan, meaning "Light of the World," and as his favorite wife she became a very influential political leader.
		In the next four years Shah Jahan launched three major campaigns against Qandahar; but their artillery was inadequate, and the cost of these failures was about thirty to forty thousand men killed and 35 million rupees.
	www.san.beck.org /2-9-MughalEmpire1526-1707.html (19924 words)

	Articles by Yossef Bodansky
		Then, once empowered, they initially established themselves in the Qandahar area where the destruction of the long-established tribal royalist leadership left a void yearning to be filled.
		Now, in the late fall of 1994, both Tehran and Islamabad concluded that it was imperative for their respective intelligence services to consolidate a certain degree of control over the regional ethno-political dynamics in order to preserve the power position of their respective governments.
		And so, after the Taliban's initial success in stabilizing Qandahar in mid November, and the unquestionable popular support they were enjoying, Islamabad was ready to negotiate with Tehran the next moves.
	www.kashmir-information.com /Bodansky/Bodansky2.html (7009 words)

	Series of EmergencyNet News "Real-Time" Reports Concerning Allied Retaliatory Strikes Against Afghanistan: 21 Nov to 20 ...
		Southwest of Qandahar, U.S. Marines at Camp Rhino went on the alert Thursday, firing mortars and flares into the desert after detecting what a spokesman said "appears to be a credible threat." Another spokesman said: "It could be possible probing by the enemy.
		While Qandahar was spared, residents in the Pakistani border town of Chaman said bombs hit Taliban positions near Spinboldak, 60 miles to the southeast.
		The U.S. military said on Sunday the battle for Qandahar, the last main Taliban bastion in Afghanistan, may be reaching "culmination point." U.S. bombers pounded the southern city and ethnic Pashtun fighters attacked the airport on its outskirts.
	www.emergency.com /2001/enduring_freedom3.htm (14166 words)

	Afghanistan News Headlines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A bomb exploded in a home in Qandahar yesterday, killing one suspected Taleban fighter and injuring two others, police said.
		The bomb went off in Qandahar’s Jai Khoja neighborhood while the Taliban fighters were handling it, said Gen. Salim Khan, deputy chief of police of Qandahar province.
		Qandahar was the stronghold of the Taliban militia, which US-led forces ousted from power in late 2001.
	www.afghanistan.org /news_detail.asp?17455 (578 words)

	[No title]
		This page is intended as a resource for B Company family and friends to have access to photos and information on details of our deployment to AFGHANISTAN, our participation in Operation APOLLO and the international war on terrorism.
		While in theatre, B Company retains the distinction of having been the only sub-unit to participate in all Battle Group operations conducted over the course of the tour.
		B Company Conducted static defensive operations at QANDAHAR Airfield, AFGHANISTAN including all aspects of defensive routine (siting and preparation of fighting positions, emplacement of obstacles, liaison with flanking sub-units, fire-planning, wire clearance patrols and all sector command and control functions and training in view of future operations).
	www.angelfire.com /wizard/apollo0/bcoy.html (458 words)

	Carelink Ministries
		Qandahar is close to the Chaman-Quetta border of Pakistan.
		Qandahar is also the city that first warmly welcomed the Taliban in 1995.Thousands of Taliban are believed to be hiding and operating terrorist activities in Qandahar.
		Two APCC members will be visiting Qandahar from 12th April.
	www.carelinks.net /care/pak1304.htm (1185 words)

	Afghanistan main interactive web site, made by Afghans for Afghans
		Mahmud, Mirwais's young son and successor, was not content with holding Qandahar, and in 1722 he led some 20,000 men against Isfahan; the Safavid government surrendered after a six-month siege.
		In 1738, after a year's siege, the city of Qandahar fell to Nader Shah's army of 80,000 men.
		Nader Shah seized Ghazna and Kabul and occupied the Mughal capital at Delhi in 1739.
	afghansite.com /afghanistan/afghanistan.asp?File=28 (331 words)

	Active.com \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		You choose to run your favorite distance or course for this event.
		This registration site is for exclusive use by members of the United States Army based in the Qandahar Airfield Afghanistan.
		A 10K course has been designed by Major Fred Dummar for use by the military.
	www.active.com /event_detail.cfm?event_id=1093284 (204 words)

	part03
		He was victorious at once in Qilat, and went on to Qandahar and kept its garrison shut up for a year and a half.
		Much gold fell into his hands, and he gave moneys and camels to his soldiers and the people of the army.
		Qandahar he bestowed on Mirza Kamran, and himself set off for Kabul.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00litlinks/gulbadan/part03.html (1127 words)

	anfang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Sie ist charakterfest und wesenstark und bewies schon früh Führungsqualitäten - sie war der Beginn der Qandahar Zucht.
		Her good character and outstanding mentality paired with her leading qualities built the basisfor our Qandahar Afghans.
		Ihre Ausstellungskarriere beendete sie bereits frühzeitig duch demonstrative Verweigerung - eine Entscheidung, die wir akzeptierten - was blieb uns anderes übrig...
	www.qandahars-afghanen.de /homepage/anfang1.htm (228 words)

	OPEN LETTER - On the Assassination of Safia Amajan, Qandahar Women’s Rights Activist \| Afghan Women's Network ...
		OPEN LETTER - On the Assassination of Safia Amajan, Qandahar Women’s Rights Activist
		While we believe our sadness and anger is shared by each of you, we are concerned that such incidents of violence are taking the people of Afghanistan back in time, to the dark days of oppressive and destructive government regimes.
		Safia Amajan was a 65 year old grandmother and mother of four who was elected to the position of Director of the Women Affair’s Ministry directorate of Qandahar after the fall of the Taliban.
	www.afghanwomensnetwork.org /index.php?q=node/188 (492 words)

	Afghanistan
		Before 1881 there were essentially four rulers' capitals: Kabul, Herat, Qandahar,
		All rulers of Kabul, Herat Qandahar, and Peshawr belong belong to the Abdali tribal group, whose name was changed to Dorrani on the accession of Ahmad Shah.
		They belong either to the Saddozay segment of the Popalzay clan (typically with the style padshah [king]) or to the Mohammadzay segment of the Barakzay clan (typically with the style Amir, in full Amir al-Mo´menin [Leader of the Faithful]).
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Afghanistan.htm (2070 words)

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