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Topic: Qara Khitai

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	Kyrgyzstan Heads
		1242-46 Regent Dowager Khanum Ebüskün of Qara Khitai (Turkestan)
		1252-61 Regent Dowager Khanum Organa Hatum of Qara Khitai (Turkestan)
		Qara Khitai also coverd parts of present day’s Turkmenistan, and she was also ruler of the Chagataiid Horde in Mongolia and the Khanate of the Eastern Turkiut (Xinjiang)
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Kyrgyzstan_Heads.htm (436 words)

	Kara-Khitan Khanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This regime survived until the arrival of Genghis Khan's Mongolian horsemen and was referred to in Chinese sources as Kara-Kitai, Kara-Khitai, Kara-Khitay, Kara-Khitan, Western Liao, Xi Liao or similar variants.
		When the Khitays came, along with Nestorian Naiman recruits, they solicited support among Qarluks from Semirechye to the Irtysh region.
		Though largely Mahayana and Confucian in organizing principles, the nucleus of Khitay elites were wise to adopt elements of Nestorian identity, as reflected in the Christian names of the Kara-Khitay Gur-Khans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kara-Khitan_Khanate (277 words)

	Iranica.com - ILAK-KHANIDS
		The Qara Khitay, of a Manchurian provenance, arrived in Central Asia as fugitives after their Liao dynasty, which had ruled over Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of north China (907-1125) was vanquished by another wave of Manchurian people, the Jurchens.
		The period of Qara Khitay vassalage was characterized by the continuing disintegration of the Qara-khanid state, presumably with the encouragement of the conquerors; from 1137 a separate line of princes ruled in Farg@a@na from Ozgand, establishing a third Qara-khanid Khanate.
		Under the Qara Khitay the Western Khanate had to cope with invasions and unrest caused by the Qarluq and Og@uz nomads (the Qara Khitay had tried to relocate some of the former to Ka@æg@ar; see GÚOZZ), as well as with the threat of the ambitious K¨úa@razmæa@hs, another reluctant vassal of the Qara Khitay.
	www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/v12f6/v12f6045.html (5564 words)

	Mongols (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Presently this covers: the Golden Horde, the Jadirat, the Keraits, the Khalka, the Merkits, Mongolia, the Naimans, the Nogai, the Ordos, the Qaidu, Qara Khitai, the Sechen, Sibir (the White Horde), the Tatar, the Tumed, T'umen', and the Tushtietu.
		Owing to internecine feuding, the Mongol tribe was decimated at the end of the 12th century; it was left to the genius of Temujin Genghis to restore the fortunes of his people, and unify his nation...
		The Qara (Black) Khitai established a ramshackle empire in the 12th century which merged with the Golden Horde in the 13th century.
	www.hostkingdom.net /mongols.html (1736 words)

	Abebooks Search Results - Khwarazm
		Michal Biran considers its political, institutional and cultural histories.The empire of the Qara Khitai, one of the least known dynasties in the history of Central Asia, existed for nearly a century before it was conquered by the Mongols in 1218.
		The book represents a groundbreaking contribution to the field of Eurasian history.The empire of the Qara Khitai, which was one of the least known and most fascinating dynasties in the history of Central Asia, existed for nearly a century before it was conquered by the Mongols in 1218.
		1 From Liao to Western Liao : Yelu Dashi and the establishment of the Qara Khitai empire 192 The quiet period - the reign of Yelu Yilie and the empresses 483 The fall : between the Khwarazm Shah and the Mongols 604 China 935 Nomads 1326 Islam 171.
	www.abebooks.co.uk /search/sortby/3/kn/Khwarazm (3865 words)

	The Empire Of The Qara Khitai In Eurasian History: Between China And The Islamic World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Qara Khitai Empire (1131-Mongol conquest 1218) spanned central Asia from the Oxus River to regions west of China.
		One factor was that the Song Chinese acknowledged the Qara Khitai as a dynasty and their ruler as an emperor, a valuable prestige in Transoxiana.
		From Liao to Western Liao: Yelu Dashi and the establishment of the Qara Khitai empire
	www.booksmatter.com /b0521842263.htm (297 words)

	Woman Muslim Leaders throughout the Times
		The elder son, Tekish, fled to the Qara Khitai and was given a large army, and he soon set off for Khwarazm.
		1252-61 Regent Dowager Khanum Organa Hatum of the Khanate of the Eastern Turkiut (Xinjiang) and of Qara Khitai (China, Mongolia, Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan) and of Khurasan (Iran)
		She was head of the Ghafa Sid Horde (or Qara Khitai/ Chagataiid Horde) and ruled over a vast territory after the death of Qara Hulegu as successor of Qara Hulegu, who reigned 1247-52 and 1252.
	www.guide2womenleaders.com /Muslim_Leaders.htm (7621 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History : Between China and the Islamic World: Books: Michal ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The empire of the Qara Khitai, which was one of the least known and most fascinating dynasties in the history of Central Asia, existed for nearly a century before it was conquered by the Mongols in 1218.
		Using an extensive corpus of Muslim and Chinese sources, Michal Biran comprehensively examines the political, institutional and cultural histories of the Qara Khitai for the first time.
		Her book explores a range of topics including the organization of the army, the position of women, the image of China in Muslim Central Asia,the religions of the Qara Khitai and the legacy they left for the Mongols.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0521842263 (318 words)

	ד"ר מיכל בירן (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Ph.D 2000: Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem..Dissertation entitled “China, Nomads and Islam: The Qara Khitai (Western Liao) Dynasty (1124-1218)”.
		Inner Asian history; cross-cultural contacts between China, the Muslim world and Europe; the Mongol empire; Khitans and Qara Khitai; history of traditional China; history of the medieval Middle East; nomadism; conversion; ethnicity and identity; military history.
		"Between China and Islam: The Administration of the Qara Khitai Empire," Forthcoming in David Sneath, editor.
	www.hum.huji.ac.il /EastAsia/teachers/biran.htm (483 words)

	GhengisKhan
		The rest of the Jin Empire was left untouched, however, as the Mongol's interest turned to the West.
		In 1218, Genghis Khan's armies subjugated the Qara Khitai Empire.
		After conquering the Qara Khitai Empire, Genghis Khan sent a caravan with a message of peace and goods to trade with the Khwarazm Empire.
	www.geocities.com /hcameronduguid/GenghisKhan.html (1463 words)

	Neverwinter Nights: oriental PWs
		Khitai is a new area slated to be added to the Hyborian Age server within a couple of months or so...maybe sooner...but we're waiting on haks for interiors..
		Anyway, if you want to come and check out what will soon be Old Hyboria at www.hyborian-age.com then we can keep you posted on our progress and you might have some fun gaming in the meantime.
		Hyboria is a Conan/fantasy based mod but the world of Conan has many continents, one of which is Khitai (the oriental one) Most likely based upon Qara-Khitai of the monguls/ homeland china invasion/repulsion Great Wall of China story and such....now, historically China didn't have samurai but in Howard's books this was so.
	nwn.bioware.com /forums/viewtopic.html?topic=409238&forum=44 (612 words)

	Yellow Peril & Asian Male Threat \| Asian American Poll \| GoldSea
		This left only Qara Khitai between the Shah and the Mongols.
		Yet this was very early in Ghengis's miltary career nad he did not possess a grand reputation yet.
		It was Khwarasms plan to take Qara Khitai and then go through Mongolia bypassing the Tanguts to the south and attack the Chin.
	goldsea.com /Poll/Threat/threat_20109.html (1373 words)

	The Mongol Khâns
		At the same time, Bosworth lists Qara Hülegü as the son of Mö'eüken, who is listed as an otherwise unknown, to me, son of Chingiz [p.248].
		Similarly, other sources affirm that Jagatai-ids return to power by 1309, but Bosworth's list takes no note of this and simply continues with descendants of Chaghatay and Mö'eüken. This is perplexing.
		In between their domain and Trebizond were the White Sheep (Aq Qoyunlu) Turks.
	www.asiarecipe.com /monking.html (3501 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Upcoming Khara Khitai book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		An interesting new book about the Khrara Khitai empire is due out soon.
		The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History : Between China and the Islamic World
		It has to be the most comprehensive book on Khara Khitai available in a western language.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1777&PN=6 (342 words)

	The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History -- Between China and the Islamic World -- Michal Biran David Morgan
		The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History -- Between China and the Islamic World -- Michal Biran David Morgan
		The empire of the Qara Khitai, one of the least known dynasties in the history of Central Asia, existed for nearly a century before it was conquered by the Mongols in 1218.
		She considers their political, institutional and cultural histories to explore a range of topics including the organisation of the army, the position of the women and the religions of the Qara Khitai.
	www.frontlist.com /detail/0521842263 (188 words)

	Session 25 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Chengguan’s references to Daoism, it will be shown, were his way of doing just that.
		The Western Liao, established by those Khitans who immigrated to the grasslands of Central Asia after the Jurchen conquest, is considered by the Liao shi to be a Chinese dynasty, and contemporary Muslim authors often denote its rulers as "The Chinese."
		The Northern Chinese tradition gave the Qara Khitai a higher cultural level and a more cohesive identity, what other nomadic dynasties in this region usually found in Islam.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1999abst/china/c-25.htm (1277 words)

	Xi-Liao aka Kara-Khitai - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The dead have passed beyond our power to honour or dishonour them, but not beyond our ability to try and understand.
		An interesting new book about the Khara Khitai empire is due out soon.
		There isn't much in-depth material about Khara Khitai in english, so I'm definitely looking forward to this.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=1231&st=0&p=4695109&#entry4695109 (608 words)

	Uyghur Muqams and Uyghur History (Intro. and Chapter 1 and 2)
		Uighurs ruled the area of Turfan between the mid-ninth century and around 1130, when they submitted to the rule by the Qara Khitai.
		But in 1209 the Uighur ruler known as Iduq qut (literally 'holy fortune,') rebelled against the Qara Khitai and submitted voluntarily to Chingiz Khan.
		The Uighurs were one of the first non-Mongol peoples to join the nascent Mongol empire, thus earning a respected priority in the Mongol bureaucracy, particularly as the literati (known as bakhshi, from the Chinese boshi 'doctor'), who organized the Mongol chancellery and created the first Mongol alphabet.
	homepages.utoledo.edu /nlight/dissch1.htm (19833 words)

	::Mongolian Society Inc ::
		The Qara Khitai; The Chaghadaid Khanate; Steppe People after the Mongol Conquest: Changes of Identity and Ethnicity; Before the Mongols: The Neglected Silk Road (10th -12th centuries) Mongol conversion to Islam
		Qaidu and The Rise of the Independent State in Central Asia.
		"China, Nomads and Islam: The Qara Khitai (Western Liao) Dynasty 1124-1218," The Hebrew Universtiy of Jerusalem 2000.
	www.indiana.edu /~mongsoc/mongolists/Biran.htm (100 words)

	Chapter 2 - Rise of Muslims under the Sultanate
		We study all these processes, to begin with between C.E. 1200 and 1400.
		Thus fifteen mohallas (localities) were colonized in Delhi.
		These were named as Abbasi, Sanjari, Khwarizm Shahi, Delmi, Alvi, Atabaki, Ghori, Chingezi, Rumi, Sunquri, Mosuli, Samarqandi, Kashgari, and Khitai.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/imwat/ch2.htm (6579 words)

	Civilization Fanatics' Forums - ROTM - Rise of the Mongols
		And I thought I could PM a playtest to you guys today.:undecide:
		It'd be hard for the Qara Khitai to defend Bukhara and Samarkand, as there are three Kwarazam cities seperating those cities from the Qara Khitai Empire...
		But this time I can ASSURE you that the playtest will be out today.:)
	forums.civfanatics.com /printthread.php?t=91220&page=5&pp=20 (844 words)

	Shambhala and Prester John's Realm as Historical Kingdoms - History Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Because the real threat to Islam came from Central Asia in the 12th-13th centuries.
		Prestor John myth orginated most probably from the defeat of Seljuks ruler Sanjar by Yelu Tashih the king of Kara Khitais 1141 AC.
		In one of miedeval european annales we could find the info that in 1141 AC Johannes presbyter rex Armeniae et Indie have defeated the king of Media and Persia..In 1145 German annalist - Otto from Fryzinge wrote even more detailed information about christain (nestorian) king who have defeated at Ectabana (
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=1287 (739 words)

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