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Topic: Qarqar

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	Qarqar (Karkar)
		Qarqar is the name of an ancient town in northwestern Syria, known from Neo-Assyrian sources.
		It was the site of one of the most important battles of the ancient world, the battle of Qarqar, fought in 853 BCE when the army of Assyria, led by king Shalmaneser III, encountered an allied force comprising military units from 11 local kingdoms.
		The best historical source regarding the battle and the town of Qarqar is the The Kurkh Monolith, erected by Shalmaneser.
	www.1bx.com /en/Qarqar.htm (293 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Kurkh Monolith
		The Kurkh Monolith is an Assyrian document that contains a description of the Battle of Qarqar at the end.
		At the end of the Monolith comes the account of the Battle of Qarqar, where an alliance of twelve kings fought against Shalmaneser at the Syrian city of Qarqar.
		This alliance, comprising eleven kings, was led by Irhuleni of Hamath and Hadadezer of Damascus, with a considerable force led by King Ahab of Israel.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/The_Kurkh_Monolith (451 words)

	Ahab
		During these three years the states of Israel, Aram, Hamath and nine other smaller powers were forced to unite against the growing power of Assyria, which had been impotent for almost two centuries due to the attacks of Aramean nomads.
		From 900 BC onwards the power of Assyria swept westwards and in 853 Shalmaneser III faced the coalition of Syrian and Cilician states at Qarqar on the Orontes river.
		Following the Battle of Qarqar Ahab called upon his ally Jehoshaphat to aid him in his struggle with Ben Hadad.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Ahab.html (2064 words)

	"Ahab" by Robert I Bradshaw
		During these three years the states of Israel, Aram, Hamath and nine other smaller powers were forced to unite against the growing power of Assyria, which had been impotent for almost two centuries due to the attacks of Aramean nomads.
		From 900 BC onwards the power of Assyria swept westwards and in 853 Shalmaneser III faced the coalition of Syrian and Cilician states at Qarqar on the Orontes river.
		Following the Battle of Qarqar Ahab called upon his ally Jehoshaphat to aid him in his struggle with Ben Hadad.
	www.biblicalstudies.org.uk /article_ahab.html (2070 words)

	Hoo
		The threat from Assyrian was enough, however, to over-ride any petty internecine disputes, so when King Shalmenezer III crossed the Euphrates in 853BC at the head of a sizeable invasion force, the three palestinian-based powers formed a loose confederation to see him off.
		After a northwards march that saw the Allied force swell to some 60,000 men in eight different contingents, battle with the Assyrian host was joined near the Syrian city of Qarqar or Karkar (modern day Carchemish).
		Qarqar, his royal city, I destroyed, I devastated, I burned with fire.
	visbellica.com /Scenarios/QarQar/sc_qarqar.htm (1308 words)

	Map of Qarqar (Azerbaijan) - nona.net
		Qarqar is a populated place in Xocavǝnd, which is a region of Azerbaijan.
		An overview map of the region around Qarqar is displayed below.
		The closest airport is TBZ - Tabriz Intl, located 185.3 km south of Qarqar.
	www.nona.net /features/map/placedetail.1645921/Qarqar (116 words)

	f. The Land of Aram (Syria). 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		These, with Qarqar, Hamath, and others, became the northern Aramean states.
		When Shalmeneser, having broken the northern coalition, turned south, Ben Hadad allied himself with Ahab and King Ikhuleni of Hamath.
		At the Battle of Qarqar (853), the Aramean-Israelite coalition defeated Shalmeneser, who retired to Assyria.
	www.bartelby.com /67/106.html (640 words)

	The Laws of Evidence & Archaeology Part 1.: Battle of Qarqar - The Kings Calendar
		The 'King's Calendar' indicates that King Ahab of Israel died in 863 BCE, a decade prior to the Battle of Qarqar (853 BCE).
		The Kurkh Stele of Shalmaneser III in the British Museum is the lynch pin upon which all current theories concerning the reign of King Ahab of Israel are hinged, and with good reason.
		It is paramount to Academic interests, that Ahab be at the Battle of Qarqar, for it is the lynchpin upon which their chronologies turn.
	www.kingscalendar.com /cgi-bin/index.cgi?action=viewnews&id=256 (3179 words)

	Bible Dictionary: Damascus
		Bir-hadad I (Ben-hadad in the Bible) subdued Israel in alliance with Judah (1 Kgs 15:16-22), and Damascus lead the coalition that fought the Assyrians at the battle of Qarqar (853BCE).
		The powerful Assyrian king, Sargon II, defeated this coalition at Qarqar, Hamath was annexed, and no more is heard of an independent Damascus.
		This page is part of the Hypertext Bible Commentary - Amos, if you have reached it as a standalone page, to view it in context, go to www.bible.gen.nz © Tim Bulkeley, 1996-2005, Tim Bulkeley.
	www.bible.gen.nz /amos/places/damascus.htm (331 words)

	Qarqar
		Der Artikel Qarqar gehört zur Kategorie: Archäologischer Fundplatz in Syrien, Antike syrische Stadt, Archäologie (Alter Orient)
		bei Qarqar eine Koalition syrischer Stämme, in deren Gefolge er das rebellische Damaskus wieder unter assyrische Herrschaft bringen konnte.
		Erklärung des Begriff Qarqar und dessen Bedeutung wurde zuletzt am 25.7.2007 aktualisiert (Glossar Lexikon Enzyklopädie).
	www.weblexikon.de /Qarqar.html (478 words)

	Amazon.com: "Battle of Qarqar": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		From the beginning of the first millennium down until the Battle of Qarqar (853 B.C.), the Arameans represented a dominant population whose territories stretched from the Balih River to the Mediterranean, and from...
		Collection of tribute 853 Shalmaneser III Battle of Qarqar against Assyrian expansion halted western coalition...
		His greatest military achieve- ment took place at the battle of Qarqar, which the book ignores.
	amazon.com /phrase/Battle-of-Qarqar (310 words)

	Sargon, II Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		His first task was to restore order and overcome opposition at home; he then turned to the problems facing his army on the frontiers of the empire.
		He captured Samaria, the Israelite capital, and deported its inhabitants; next he defeated the rebel Syrian vassels at Qarqar.
		In the northeast, the turbulent Iranian tribes had been stirred into revolt by Assyria's old enemy, the Kingdom of Urartu.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/sargon-ii (440 words)

	Revolutions in Egypt and Israel
		The Assyrian expansion which had started under Ashurnasirpal (ca -883 to -859), the father of Shalmaneser III, took a more aggressive form under Shalmaneser, whose inroads into Syria, Phoenicia, Israel, and Judah can be read in the el-Amarna tablets as those of Burraburiash, King of Hatti.
		At Qarqar he fought a coalition in which also Ahab of Samaria participated, backed by a brigade of Egyptian (Musri) troops.
		But besides this direct contact with Egyptian troops, Shalmaneser did not dispatch any military forces past the line Tyre-Qarqar-Damascus, instead employing local princelings in an effort to disrupt the Egyptian colonial domain.
	www.varchive.org /tac/revegis.htm (958 words)

	[ JewishHistory.com ]
		While Shalmaneser met strong resistance and perhaps lost the battle, he nevertheless set up an inscription called the Kurkh monument to commemorate his victory.
		Since the Bible strangely does not mention this battle, the Assyrian inscription provides the only textual witness of Israel's important involvement in these geopolitical events.
		The text describes the battle of Qarqar, where Shalmaneser defeated a coalition of seacoast kings, and a coalition of kings from the Levant, including "Ahab the Israelite," who made one of the largest military contributions of 10,000 foot soldiers and 2,000 chariots.
	www.jewishhistory.com /jh.php?id=Assyrian&content=content/shalmaneser_kurkh (170 words)

	Chapter 14: The History of the Kingdoms
		In the ninth century, Ashurnasirpal II (883-859) developed the Assyrian war machine to a peak of strength and from this time onward Assyrian politics influenced Palestine.
		In 853, according to an inscription of Shalmaneser III (858-824), Ahab of Israel suffered defeat and paid tribute after he had joined a coalition of twelve Syrian kings to contest Assyrian expansion at Qarqar.
		Shalmaneser, after neglecting Syria for a few years, began a systematic plundering of the area.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/gerald_larue/otll/chap14.html (3817 words)

	HAMA
		Hama has a long heroic history in defending Syria against foreign invasions.
		One of the outstanding battles was that of Qarqar, where the Assyrian army was defeated in 853 B.C. Unfortunately, few of its ancient relics have been preserved.
		However, Hama is well known for its enormous waterwheels ('noriahs') on the Orontes, which are as old as Hama itself.
	www.middleeast.com /hama.htm (211 words)

	The Early Kings of Israel: A Kingdom Divided > The Good News : July/August 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Although they dealt Ahab's confederation heavy losses, the battle did temporarily halt the Assyrian advance to the west.
		"Ahab is mentioned in the Monolith Inscription of Shalmaneser III (858-824 B.C.), which tells the story of the great battle Shalmaneser fought at Qarqar against an Aramean-Israelite coalition...
		Ahab alone is said to have contributed two thousand chariots and ten thousand foot soldiers.
	www.gnmagazine.org /issues/gn17/archaeologykingdom.htm (2284 words)

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