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Topic: Qat

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	qat on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		In critical U.S. ally Djibouti, the irate rush to be soothed by qat.
		An Ethiopian woman chews on leaves of qat in the Bedesa region of Ethiopia.
		An Ethiopian woman chews on a spring of qat in the Bedesa region of Ethiopia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-qat.asp (728 words)

	Qat Trade in Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Qat (pronounced cot), also referred to as khat, quatt, kat, and tchat (in Ethiopia), is a leafy narcotic popular in certain areas of Africa and, more recently, Britain.(1) Qat, from the Catha Edulis tree, originated in Ethiopia and spread to Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, Tanzania, Arabia, the Congo, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Madagascar, South Africa and Yemen.
		Qat is also cited as part of the problem for the economies of Ethiopia, Yemen, Djibouti and others in part because, statistics suggest, nearly every family spends one third of its disposable income on qat.
		Though qat does not need fertilizer, it does remove "considerable amounts of plant nutrients from the soil."(46) While there is little evidence of qat cultivation as a cause of soil erosion, it is certainly a possibility because of the number of new qat crops being planted and the re-cultivation of other cropland for qat production.
	www.somaliawatch.org /archive/000410201.htm (2182 words)

	QAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Qat is the Arabic term for catha edulis, and is used throughout Yemen and other Arabic speaking areas.
		Qat is evergreen shrub of the family celastraceae.
		Qat is also regarded by Yemenis as rather mild stimulant compared with other substances in which it is consumed, Yemeni consumers believe that qat increases stamina, concentration and mental alertness and elevates mood.
	www.yemeninfo.gov.ye /ENGLISH/panorama/Qat.htm (938 words)

	The Twin Twigs - The World and I Magazine
		Qat is the Arabic term for a stimulant plant known in scientific circles as Catha edulis.
		The "qat chew" is something of a national pastime, a tradition that readily survives the rapid pace of social and economic change in the country.
		Qat can be cultivated as a bushy shrub or a tall tree--depending on the climate and methods of pruning--and on irrigated or rain-fed land.
	www.worldandi.com /public/1997/july/ar5.cfm (4153 words)

	Health Page - Issue 35 - Yemen Times
		In exceptional cases, qat consumption may produce an immediate dysphoric reaction which might, however, be due to excessive expectations with regard to potency of a given batch of qat.
		A further analogy with amphetamine is that the habitual use of qat is in many instances compulsive, as indicated by the tendency of the chewers to secure their daily supply of the leaves at the expense of vital needs.
		Dryness of the mouth is commonly, felt during qat chewing, and this may be explained either by the sympathomimetic effect of the drug or by its astringent taste.
	www.yementimes.com /00/iss35/health.htm (1758 words)

	Khat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Khat (Catha edulis, family Celastraceae), pronounced "cot" and also known as qat, gat, tschat, and miraa, is a flowering plant native to tropical East Africa.
		It is a shrub or small tree growing to 5-8 m tall, with evergreen leaves 5-10 cm long and 1-4 cm broad.
		In 1965, the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs' Fourteenth Report noted, "The Committee was pleased to note the resolution of the Economic and Social Council with respect to khat, confirming the view that the abuse of this substance is a regional problem and may best be controlled at that level" [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qat (1231 words)

	qat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Khat (Catha edulis Forsk), pronounced "cot" and also known as qat, gat, tschat, and miraa, is a plant used for centuries in parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
		The public has become more aware of this exotic drug through media reports pertaining to the United Nations mission in Somalia, where khat use is endemic, and its role in the Persian Gulf.
		The khat plant is known by a variety of names, such as qat in Yemen; tschat in Ethiopia, and miraa in Kenya.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Qat.html (934 words)

	Weaning Yemen off qat: Middle East International, 18 June 1999
		Qat keeps people awake, so chewing sessions, which last for several hours, start in the afternoon to allow the effects to wear off before bed.
		Qat has supplanted other crops which could be exported or used to reduce the need for imported food.
		Although qat is frowned upon by radical Islamists, it is not specifically forbidden in the Qur'an, and some Yemeni religious leaders are enthusiastic chewers.
	www.al-bab.com /yemen/artic/mei49.htm (506 words)

	Yemen Gateway: qat
		After the qat leaves have been chewed, the guests stay on for most of the afternoon, passing their time in animated discussions often devoted to matters of general interest, such as community affairs.
		Qat is the drug that made the Somalians feel they were invincible to our US Rangers and Delta Forces.
		Qat ban fails in US A series of failed prosecutions has cast America's anti-qat laws into confusion.
	www.al-bab.com /yemen/soc/qat.htm (954 words)

	The "Rational Peasant" vs Sustainable Livelihoods: The Case of Qat in Yemen
		Qat therefore compares well with sorghum, for example, which requires removal of the head from the stalk, the spreading and drying of the heads, and the laborious separation of the grain from the husk using human-wielded sticks.
		For nonproducers, qat more assuredly has a negative impact, for many of these households are also increasing their consumption of qat at the cost of reducing the quality of their diet.
		Qat, then, is unquestionably beneficial to the households that grow it, but we believe it is severely damaging the national weal.
	ag.arizona.edu /~lmilich/yemen.html (6268 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| World dispatch \| Where the qat is out of the bag
		Qat leaves are not so much chewed as crushed, then tucked inside the cheek for their juices to be absorbed through the membrane.
		A more serious worry is the pesticide sprays used by some qat growers to maximise their crop, because in Yemen there is rarely enough rain to wash away the chemicals before the leaves go to market.
		Qat is not specifically forbidden in the Koran, and some Yemeni religious leaders are enthusiastic chewers.
	www.guardian.co.uk /elsewhere/journalist/story/0,7792,497716,00.html (1601 words)

	Qat \| Travel Story and Pictures from Yemen
		For some, qat becomes more than just a means to have a relaxing afternoon, it becomes almost an obsession, and they can start chewing qat even in the early morning.
		Qat is also a status symbol: the more expensive qat you chew, the higher you rank.
		Similarly, the larger the qat ball in your cheeks, the more admiration you may receive The demand for qat has grown considerably, and since its price is still high, growing qat has turned into a profitable enterprise.
	www.traveladventures.org /continents/asia/qat.shtml (359 words)

	The qat drug moves West - Jane's Law Enforcement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The magazine Psychological Medicine said in 1989 that while the principle feature of the qat experience was described as increased levels of alertness, ability to concentrate and confidence, the downside is a persistent psychic dependence coupled with lassitude and malnutrition.
		Qat, it said, was addictive and hallucinations were common among users.
		Both studies led to the isolation from qat leaves of an alkaloid that is chemically similar to amphetamine and for which the name cathinone was suggested.
	www.janes.com /security/law_enforcement/news/ipr/ipr990901.shtml (1233 words)

	GN Online: Qat chewing spreading rapidly in Yemen
		Qat chewing is spreading rapidly in Yemen despite the authorities' efforts to fight it with more schoolchildren and women have recently joined men in this practice.
		Perhaps, the most important justification the supporters have is that Qat employs a lot of people where hundreds of thousands of families depend on Qat for their living whether by growing and selling or buying and selling Qat.
		The Qat, scientifically called Catha Endulis Forskal, is a plant with green leafs usually chewed for long hours with the aim of "elevating the mood", as Yemenis say.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=54545 (1164 words)

	Dispatches From Yemen - Najla Atef is a film actress in a country with no movie industry where women don't show their ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The difference between qat and after-work drinks in the Western world is that after a few beers, the worker bee starts to loose his coherence.
		Qat can be strong stuff, but it takes a long time to take effect, and while you are waiting you must sit and pick at the little stack of shrubbery you have brought, painstakingly stuffing bad-tasting foliage into you mouth, and washing it down with water or soda pop.
		A Yemeni abandonment of qat is as inconceivable as a Russian abandonment of vodka.
	slate.msn.com /id/2100581/entry/2100584 (1439 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The socioeconomic implication of qat production/consumption are immense, and the most important, among others, these, are replacement of the traditional crops by Qat, loss of cultural traditional value as a sequence of qat consumption, prevention of children from attending schools as a result of engagement in domestics chores during qat sessions.
		It is apparent that the cooler and drier the area of producing qat the better the quality of qat is. •Qat collected during the first harvest is considered of low quality, while the second and the third is the finest.
		Qat harvested from branches are considered of low grade while harvest from the tips of the main stems are considered of high quality.
	www.fes-yemen.com /Download/qat.doc (2977 words)

	qatalog.html
		"The Socioeconomic, Agricultural and Environmental Implication of Qat Production/Consumption in Yemen" http://216.239.57.100/search?q=cache:o7gz-O2eyy8J:www.fes-yemen.com/Download/qat.doc+qat+chewing+Yemenandhl=enandie=UTF-8
		Although daily qat chewing is not as universal among Zabidi women as it is among men, many women describe its mildly stimulating quality as indispensable to relaxation although the focus in women's gatherings is more on qat exchange than consumption.
		This kind of qat exchange is commonly performed between women who are affectively, socially, and, of course, spatially close.
	www.aiys.org /webdate/qatalog.html (930 words)

	Culture Page - Issue 09 - Yemen Times
		Chewing qat is one of the most common and deeply-entrenched past-times in Yemen.
		He says that after chewing qat, he feels that his electronic appliances are not working well and hence have to be fixed.
		Food is not as important as qat for me. My predicament after qat chewing depends on the quality of the qat; if it is good, I become so active and feel enticed to read a lot of books or do any other work.
	www.yementimes.com /99/iss09/culture.htm (787 words)

	Somaliland Net: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Mar 19 2003 Qat is prevalent in Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, Djibouti, Somalia, and Somaliland.
		Qat causes 3 out of 4 cases of robbery with violence and one in 2 cases of family quarrels and brawls, it also the cause of many cases of child abuse, divorce head injuries etc.
		Qat first depresses the higher brain centers called the neo-cortex (new-brain) found in human beings, which control judgment and their learned inhibitions; hence the person may become garrulous and anti-social.
	www.somalilandnet.com /somaliland_voice/articles/11796.shtml (1759 words)

	RaveSafe Article on qat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Qat is pronounced “cut”, not “cat”, which is important to remember when buying your day’s supply at the local market, if you want to avoid the embarrassment of joining your friends with a bundle of fur and claws, rather than leaves.
		A qat session is the Yemeni equivalent of a drink in the pub, or a round of golf.
		Although everyone you see in the afternoon is chewing qat – if you look closely you sometimes see jaws moving beneath the veils of the women you pass in the street – the classical chew takes place in the chewing room, called the mafraj, on the rooftops of the multistorey clay brick houses.
	www.ravesafe.org /cultureclub/qat_dbb.htm (1236 words)

	Case Study
		Concerns of the "mafia-like" qualities developing around qat may contribute to perceptions of it as an international threat and cases against qat producing countries may emerge.
		Since women are neither the predominate users of qat or the breadwinners for their families they are left without a voice in the issue.
		In the case of qat, the women are complaining that their husbands spend so much money on qat consumption that families go malnourished and remain in poverty.
	gurukul.ucc.american.edu /ted/QAT.HTM (2740 words)

	Chewing Khat (Qat, Kat)
		Although immediate and severe medical problems are infrequent with khat use (because the cathinone is diluted in the other material of the leaves).
		His travels are not just in pursuit of the history and culture of qat, for he quickly learns that the pleasure of the plant is in the companionship of using it.
		Long out of print, this is a landmark study on narcotic and psychedelic substances by a world-renowned pharmacologist and toxicologist.
	www.a1b2c3.com /drugs/khat2.htm (793 words)

	PM Tool Kit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		QAT PM Tool Kit Overview: The QAT PM Tool Kit was developed to help ensure the success of the Project Management effort.
		Owner: Mary D. Scott of Quality Assurance Technologies, Inc. (QAT), is the owner of the QAT PM Tool Kit, and in the spirit of advancing the project management profession, makes available this PM Tool Kit to promote and encourage the distribution of project management knowledge.
		In order to download the QAT PM Tool Kit, you must agree that you are going to use the QAT PM Tool Kit for your personal non-commercial use and that you will not copy, sell, or distribute it in any manner to third parties.
	www.qatinc.org /pm_tool_kit.html (283 words)

	Ethiopian Farmers Replacing Coffee with qat –Study
		Farmers in eastern Ethiopia and other parts of the country are turning to qat and other crops to counteract the devastating slide in world coffee prices, which are at 30-year lows.
		He said studies indicated that qat production in the area would be increased by 700 percent, displacing coffee and other crops over the next decade.
		Chewing qat, a stimulant with the qualities of a mild amphetamine, is a daily ritual for men in Somalia, Djibouti, Yemen and parts of northeast Kenya, a major qat-growing centre.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2002/10/04-10-02/Ethiopian.htm (359 words)

	QAT - News Room (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The purpose of the paper was to educate DHS officials about the Web Services and how this technology can assist in the efforts to defend the homeland.
		QAT has been providing enterprise-level solutions to corporate and government organizations for years - we know that adopting new technology is not an overnight proposition.
		QAT contributes value at the enterprise level in the areas of integration, architecture, infrastructure, systems design and development, and, Business Process Management.
	www.qat.com /100103_pr.asp (311 words)

	Yemen PM quits qat chewing - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He said the government is encouraging young citizens to stop chewing qat and concentrate, instead, on their work.
		Qat, from the Catha Edulis tree, originated in Ethiopia and spread to many African and Middle Eastern countries.
		Yemeni qat is reportedly more powerful than that from other places.
	washingtontimes.com /upi-breaking/20050514-064658-9970r.htm (198 words)

	naturalSCIENCE News Capsule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Qat (Catha edulis) is a perennial shrub traditionally cultivated in Ethiopia, The Yemen and Kenya, where it is an important cash crop.
		Use of qat is often a social affair, traditionally restricted to single sex groups.
		Qat use in London: a study of qat use among a sample of Somalis living in London.
	naturalscience.com /ns/news/news37.html (486 words)

	Welcome to Q.A. Technologies (QAT)! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		QAT awarded contract to architect and build next generation Java (J2EE) based SOA for large financial institution.
		QAT assists large transportation company in defining and path-finding its integration strategy between legacy and next generation systems.
		QAT assists in the development of a key paper on Web Services presented by the Information Technology Association of America(ITAA) to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security(DHS).
	www.qat.com (171 words)

	Yemen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the north, disruptions of civil war (1962-70) and frequent periods of drought had dealt severe blows to a previously prosperous agricultural sector.
		Coffee production, formerly the north's main export and principal form of foreign exchange, declined as the cultivation of qat increased.
		Low domestic industrial output and a lack of raw materials made the YAR dependent on a wide variety of imports.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yemen (1919 words)

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