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	Qianlong Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Qianlong Emperor (born Hongli, September 25, 1711–February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China.
		Qianlong again sent armies into Tibet and firmly established the Dalai Lama as ruler, with a Qing resident and garrison to preserve Chinese suzerainty.
		Qianlong was a prolific poet and a collector of ceramics, an art which flourished in his reign; a substantial part of his collection is in the Percival David Foundation in London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qianlong (1492 words)

	qianlong emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Qianlong (乾隆; Wade-Giles:Chien Lung), born Hongli, was Emperor of China from October 18, 1735 to February 9, 1796 during the Qing Dynasty.
		Under Qianlong, the compilation of a catalogue of all important works on Chinese culture was made.
		Qianlong was a collector of ceramics, an art which flourished in his reign; a substantial part of his collection is in the Percival David Foundation in London.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Qianlong_Emperor.html (129 words)

	Qianlong Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Qianlong emperor was a successful military leader, presiding over a huge expansion in the territory controlled by the Qing dynasty.
		Under Qianlong, Chinese Turkestan was incorporated into the Qing dynasty's rule and renamed Xinjiang, while to the West, Ili was conquered and garrisoned.
		Qianlong was a prolific poet and a collector of ceramics, an art which flourished in his reign; a substantial part of his collection is in the in London.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Qianlong_Emperor_of_China (1397 words)

	Qianlong Emperor of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Qianlong emperor (Chinese: 乾隆; Wade-Giles : Ch'ien-lung) September 25 1711 - February 7 1799 was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China.
		Qianlong again sent armies Tibet and firmly established the Dalai Lama ruler with a Qing resident and garrison preserve Chinese suzereinty.
		Qianlong was a prolific poet and a of ceramics an art which flourished in his a substantial part of his collection is the Percival David Foundation in London.
	www.freeglossary.com /Qianlong_Emperor_of_China (691 words)

	Qianlong Emperor - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Qianlong Emperor (September 25, 1711–February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China.
		The Qianlong emperor acceded to the dragon throne at the age of 24, when his father, the Yongzheng Emperor, died suddenly.
		In fact, even before Qianlong's personal name, Hungli, was read out to the assembled court, it was widely known who the new emperor would be.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /qianlong.htm (1276 words)

	Qianlong Emperor Of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was enamelled in the workshops of the Forbidden City palace of Emperor Qianlong (1736-96) with...
		It reached its peak during the Qianlong reign (1736-1795) of the Qing...
		The Qianlong emperor was a successful military leader, presiding over a huge expansion in the territory controlled by the Qing dynasty, especially to the north and west.
	www.wikiverse.org /qianlong-emperor-of-china (347 words)

	Dallas Museum of Art - Splendors of China's Forbidden City
		Qianlong remained devoted to his wife Xiaoxian even after her untimely death; the way he valued her can be seen in the unusual way the empress raises her hand in a gesture of power rather than folding it, and in the fact that she sits on a dragon rather than the female phoenix throne.
		Qianlong was the symbolic father of his people, but he was also the literal father of twenty-six children and had forty wives or consorts.
		One of the most fascinating aspects of Qianlong was the amazing breadth of his interests and abilities: he was a traditionalist with a deep appreciation of Chinese culture; he could recite 500-year-old poems, he collected and practiced the high art of calligraphy, and he played the qin (“chin”), a seven-stringed zither.
	dmaws.dallasmuseumofart.org /stellent/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&ssDocName=ID_012955&ssSourceNodeId=1680&ssTargetNodeId=1680 (1685 words)

	Qianlong - Wikipédia
		Qianlong, en chinois 乾隆, (25 septembre 1711 - 7 février 1799), fils de l'empereur Yongzheng, fut le 4ème empereur de la dynastie Qing et régna sur la Chine du 18 octobre 1735 jusqu'au 9 février 1796.
		Kangxi avait choisit Yongzheng pour lui succéder pour que justement, un jour, Qianlong parvienne au trône.
		Son fils préféré deviendra l'empereur Jiaqing, mais Qianlong conservera la totalité du pouvoir jusqu'à sa mort.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qianlong (228 words)

	Krone - Forbidden City
		Qianlong’s great gift was a genius for organization and administration, and while he retained much of the government structure established by his Ming Dynasty predecessors, he made two fundamental changes that would become one of his great legacies.
		Qianlong enjoyed hunting as a respite from the rigors of government and politics.
		When Qianlong assumed power he understood well the symbolic power of the Forbidden City, which had served as the seat of Chinese government since 1420.
	www.kronepen.com /le/imagery/forbidden.html (579 words)

	ArtScope.net: Splendors of China's Forbidden City
		Qianlong's grandfather, the emperor Kangxi, had begun the consolidation of this diverse China after the Manchu conquest; Yongzheng, Qianlong's father, continued that consolidation with economic reform.
		Qianlong had challenged Castiglione with this commission and was greatly pleased with it.) With his remarkable faculty for detail, Castiglione invests Taking A Stag With A Mighty Arrow with hair-fine strokes, down to individual hairs on the two horses and a filament-fine threading of gold on the imperial bridle.
		Emperor Qianlong's Pleasure during Snowy Weather is a successful blending of Eastern and Western aesthetics, as evidenced in the contrast between the traditional ink-wash 'screens' of pine branches and ornamental stone framing the right side of the image, and the realistic architecture and individualized portraits of the twelve subjects.
	www.artscope.net /VAREVIEWS/forbiddencity0804.shtml (2980 words)

	ArtScope.net: Splendors of China's Forbidden City (book review )
		Qianlong himself, a Manchu, was twenty-six when he assumed the throne of the Qing dynasty in 1736 -- an eager young regent taking up the reins of government from two capable forebears, his grandfather Kangxi and his father Yongzheng, both emperor before him.
		The last example of full-scale feudal rule in China, Qianlong's reign was a period of unprecedented cultural flowering, supported by the economic stability of his government and with much of it being the direct result of his personal interest in the arts.
		Although Qianlong had a definite political advantage in appealing to both his constituencies, in neither of these areas was he merely being 'politically correct': he was a genuinely skilled hunter as befit his Manchu roots, as well as an ardent follower of the scholarly pursuits so valued by the Han Chinese.
	www.artscope.net /VAREVIEWS/forbiddencitybook0904.shtml (1905 words)

	Ming9
		His son, Qianlong, was even more obsessed with collecting and commissioning works of art than his grandfather and his father.
		Qianlong collected with obsession, he inscribed paintings with his personal calligraphy, had his poems carved on ancient jade objects, and finally “embodied” paintings as bodhisattva Manjushri, the bodhisattva of endless wisdom and enlightenment.
		Qianlong’s wish to be seen as the reincarnation of Manjushri may not have been an exclusively political tactic as some historians believe.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~inaasim/Mingqing04/Qing1.htm (592 words)

	The Scotsman - S2 Tuesday - Qianlong farewell
		The second, created when he was 81, not long before he abdicated in favour of his son, shows the sagging, world-weary features of a man who has ruled for 60 years over some 4.5 million square miles of Asia.
		Qianlong was a powerful ruler, amid a court at its cultural and political peak.
		There is a glimpse of Qianlong the family man, awaiting the New Year with his children, his pavilion delicately framed by pine boughs and blankets of mist; and of the renowned huntsman in full cry, while nearby the kind of mulberry wood bow he wields in the painting is displayed.
	thescotsman.scotsman.com /s2.cfm?id=763762002 (536 words)

	Encyclopedia: Qing Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The seeds of the huge population increase were perhaps sown during the stability of the first 200 years of Qing rule, with its economic expansion, the opening up of new land for cultivation, and the spread of certain crops that were able to grow in poor quality soil.
		Succeeding the throne at the age of 23, Qianlong personally led the military in campaigns near Xinjiang and Mongolia.
		During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a large circular emblem on the back, whereas a Han could only hope to wear clothing with a square emblem; this meant effectively that any guard in the court could immediately distinguish family members from the back view alone.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Qing-Empire (4540 words)

	Qianlong Emperor of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Qianlong emperor (Chinese: 乾隆; Wade-Giles : Ch'ien-lung), September 25, 1711 - February 7, 1799, was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qingemperor to rule over China.
		The Qianlong emperor was a successful military leader, presiding over a huge expansion in the territory controlled by the Qingdynasty, especially to the north and west.
		He was a prolific poet and a collector of ceramics, an art which flourished in his reign; a substantial part of his collection is in the Percival DavidFoundation in London.
	www.therfcc.org /qianlong-emperor-of-china-11569.html (154 words)

	Association for Asia Research- Qianlong Exhibition: Every artifact tells a story
		The turquoise blue Iuduan Monster incense burners perched on three legs with two arms flipped up with a disproportional large ornamental top appears to have a life of its own, and speaks of the superstitious culture as the mystical beast was said to give warnings to the emperor.
		In the painting “Qianlong Hunting Tiger” he show his fearlessness that underscored the daunting character of a Manchu leader, a minority ethnic group in China.
		Behind the priceless objects lies the persona of Qianlong, who chose the path of peace, which resulted in prosperity, allowed religious freedom that led to harmony for the 300 million people he ruled, and challenged the people of China to explore the many aspects of life, resulting in innovative and technological advances during his reign.
	www.asianresearch.org /articles/2040.html (609 words)

	United Press International: Fixing up where Qianlong chilled out (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Qianlong painted, wrote poems with a good calligrapher's hand, enjoyed hunting into his 80s, sired 17 sons and 10 daughters.
		Justifying it as means of preserving the son of heaven's well-being, Qianlong spent recklessly to surround himself in splendor.
		Instead of a big TV and stereo system, Qianlong might unwind with a live performance by a storyteller or change channels commanding a female soloist to trill high-pitched notes accompanied by an ensemble of eunuch musicians.
	www.upi.com /view.cfm?StoryID=20040521-083905-2168r (986 words)

	Generic Template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The 2nd saber is named "Tai-ah", a name given by Qianlong, the same name as that of a famous sword forged by the legendary swordsmith "Ouye" of the Warring States Period.
		The 4th saber is one of Emperor Qianlong's goosequill sabers (yanmaodao) with gold beads embedded in the shark-skin wrapping over the scabbard, shaped like dragons; intricate rubies also adorn the fittings.
		This saber appears to be one of the several Imperial sabers, commissioned by Emperor Qianlong and by other high-ranking officials, and made by the Imperial Workshops, which have the ridged cross-section and 2 fullers, one short and one long, on both sides of the blade.
	thomaschen.freewebspace.com (374 words)

	Qianlong Garden in Former Imperial Palace - Imperial Gardens in China - Traditional Chinese Gardens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Qianlong Garden is situated to the northwest of the Palace of Peace and Longevity in the eastern section of the Former Imperial Palace.
		When Emperor Qianlong abdicated in favor of his son at the end of his 60-year reign, he had the Palace of Peace and Longevity and a garden built for his evening years.
		The Qianlong Garden is open to the public along with the Hall of Treasures.
	www.chinatravelnews.com /gardens/imp_qing.htm (480 words)

	Encyclopedia: Qianlong Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Qianlong emperor from Palace Museum, Beijing The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years.
		The Ten Great Campaigns were a series of wars fought during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, much celebrated in the official Qing Dynasty annals.
		Manwen Laodang (滿文老檔) is a set of Manchu official documents of the Qing Dynasty, compiled during the late Qianlong period based on Jiu Manzhou Dang.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Qianlong-Emperor (3577 words)

	Magazine Antiques: The carved rock crystals of Emperor Qianlong
		Qianlong, who reigned from 1736 to 1795 and died in 1799, was one of the greatest patrons and collectors of Chinese rock crystal carvings ever.
		Emperor Qianlong's interest in Chinese art and connoisseurship followed those established by his father and grandfather, but he played an even more active role in the arts than they had.
		The moon is one of twelve symbols traditionally used to decorate imperial robes, and, on some Qianlong imperial robes, the moon encloses a hare pounding the elixir of immortality beneath a cassia tree.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1026/is_3_157/ai_60370497 (1312 words)

	Forbidden City: About the Exhibition
		Qianlong was the symbolic father of his people, but also was the literal father of twenty-six children, and was married to many wives.
		The emperor’s family lived in the most secluded areas of the palace, leading lives that were luxurious, but tightly hemmed in—by both the oppressive architecture of the Forbidden City itself, as well as by the endless rules and tradition that assigned everyone in the imperial household to a particular rank.
		As emperor, Qianlong was both patron and participant in these religions, which included the Manchu Shamanism of Qianlong’s ancestors; Tibetan Buddhism—a religion which he personally practiced; Han Buddhism, which was the majority religion of most Chinese; and Daoism, China’s indigenous religion.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /forbiddencity/about3.html (239 words)

	MSN Encarta - Qianlong
		Qianlong or Ch'ien-lung (1711-99), fourth emperor (1736-96) of the Qing (Ch’ing) dynasty in China.
		Qianlong secured control of Tibet in 1751, and between 1755 and 1760 he substantially increased the imperial domain by conquering the western area now comprising the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
		An advocate of friendly policies toward the Western nations, he approved a trade agreement with the United States in 1784.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572611/Qianlong.html (112 words)

	Columbia students tackle 'beast' of a film - March 22, 2004
		In addition, Qianlong was a designer, a poet, a scholar, a critic, a prudent diplomat and a skilled hunter.
		They all lived in a hierarchy set forth by Qianlong and detailed in the recreated “Formal Banquet for the Emperor and two wives.” The tables were elevated according to a wife’s rank, and determined what she could eat and designated her dishes by color and design.
		A poem Qianlong penned to his beloved first wife Xiaoxian (sheeyow-sheeyen) many years after her death offers a softer, less sterile peek into the relationships he kept with his wives.
	www.ccchronicle.com /back/2004_spring/2004-03-22/arts4.html (680 words)

	OA Online Lifestyles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Qianlong (pronounced chin-loong) is one of the longest-ruling emperors in Chinese Dynastic History, UTPB history professor Roland Spickermann said.
		But more important than that, Qianlong’s rule, which lasted for more than half of the 18th century, was a crucial turning point for the world.
		While the exhibit is educational about Qianlong’s pivotal time, it’s also a feast for the eyes, according to Bromberg.
	www.oaoa.com /lifestyle/life112104a.htm (781 words)

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