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	The Qing Dynasty -- 1644 - 1911 AD -- Bibliography
		Qing imperial porcelain of the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns.
		Chinese Ceramics: Porcelain of the Qing Dynasty 1644-1911.
		China, 1900: The eyewitnesses speak: The experience of Westerners in China during the Boxer Rebellion, as described by participants in letters, diaries and photographs.
	hua.umf.maine.edu /China/qing.html (6036 words)

	Qing Dynasty - China History - China
		The Qing Dynasty was founded not by the Han Chinese people who form the overwhelming majority of the population of China proper, but by the Manchus, a semi-nomadic people not even known by that name when they first rose to prominence in what is now northeastern China.
		China, for instance, was not a backward country unable to secure the prerequisite stability and security for western-style commerce, but a relatively stable empire unwilling to admit global commerce.
		The Qing dynasty was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Qing_Dynasty (4919 words)

	Chinese History - Qing Dynasty æ¸ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		China has been - and still is - a vast imperium that challenges the economical and political abilites of the ruling class.
		China had lost her sovereignity over the import taxes, a field that normally provided the state treasury with a large income.
		China's trade balance was critically endangered by these facts, and moreover by an inflation of the silver currency against the gold standard that was adopted by the Western countries.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Qing/qing-event.html (4545 words)

	The Birth of Modern China
		Other problems that plagued the late (1840 onwards) Qing included rampant corruption, a steady decentralization of power, and the unfortunate fact that they were losing control on too many fronts at the same time.
		The movement that was born at that rally (called, not unsurprisingly, the May Fourth Movement) was the first true nationalist movement in China and has consequently served as an inspiration for Chinese patriots of all shades, stripes, and ideologies since.
		In 1950, China intervened in the Korean War to save the North Koreans from being wiped off the map, and by 1953, the Korean War was over (actually, South Korea and North Korea are still technically at war with each other, even though the fighting stopped in 1953).
	condensedchina.com /china4.html (2630 words)

	AH 370/EA 355 Arts of China: #12 The Qing Dynasty
		Qing control was contested by resistance movements centering on various Ming princes until 1683.
		Early Qing followers of Dong Qichang took the imitation of earlier masters of the "Southern school" as their point of departure, seeking creativity within tradition.
		Other early Qing artists, particularly Ming loyalists (yimin), developed their art in closer contact with nature and express a more personal vision in their paintings; they are sometimes called "Individualists."
	www.wisc.edu /arth/ah370/ah370s12.html (745 words)

	Chinese History - The Republic of China ä¸è¯æ°‘å event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The Qing Dynasty æ¸, founded in 1644 by the Non-Chinese Manchu federation, has lead China to glory and prosperity during the 18th century.
		With the advent of Western merchants, followed by troops supporting their market expansion into China, the high-balance civilization of Qing China was challenged in a way that proved more and more the inability of the Manchu government to cope with the technically superior West and its aggressive colonialist behaviour.
		Under the impression of the October Revolution in Russia and the May Fourth Movement (wusi yundong äº”åéå•) the Communist Party of China (Zhongguo gongchandang ä¸åå±ç”¢é»¨, short: Zhonggong ä¸å±) was founded on July 1, 1921 under the guideline of the Moscow-lead Communist International (Comintern; Gongchan guoji å±ç”¢åé).
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Rep/rep-event.html (2707 words)

	Chinese History
		The Qing weren't the worst rulers; under themthe arts flowered (China's greatest novel, a work known variously as TheDream of the Red Chamber, A Dream of Red Mansions, and The Story of theStone, was written during the Qing) and culture bloomed.
		On the other hand, they did do their bestto prop up the ailing Qing, the most notable example being the crushingof the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 by foreign troops (primarily U.S. Marines).What the Western powers were interested in was the carving up of Chinafor their own purposes, and that, paradoxically, required keeping Chinatogether.
		First,in 1911, the Qing dynasty collapsed and China plunged headlong into chaos.Second, in 1914, the Archduke Ferdinand told his driver to go down a streetin Sarajevo he shouldn't have, and Europe plunged headlong into chaos.
	www.china-inc.com /education/history/qing.html (1881 words)

	Qing Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Qing Dynasty was the second time when the whole of China was ruled by foreigners, the Manchu.
		The Qing Dynasty lasted from 1644-1911 A.D. The reigns of the first three emperors of this dynasty were a time of peace and prosperity for China.
		Reformers who felt that China had to change were executed, despite the validity of their arguments that people whom they had previously regarded as inferior and barbarians were easily defeating China.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/china/later_imperial_china/qing.html (1180 words)

	Jiang Qing - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		Jiang Qing, Mao Tse-tung's widow, was tried for treason and received a death sentence, which was subsequently commuted to life imprisonment.
		As to Jiang Qing, there was a good chace that she was in deed recruited by Dai Li, but she lost the contact with KMT spy agency after Dai Li died in plane crash in 1946.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=9641 (2718 words)

	Qing Dynasty: Ancient China Dynasties
		The Qing Dynasty, which was founded by the Jurchen (Manchu) people, was the second ethnic group to rule the whole of China.
		The early Qing emperors not only resolved the long conflict between nomads and peasants that had plagued China throughout history, but also took a series of measures to develop the economy, culture and transportation in the frontier areas.
		The Qing government was forced to sign a series of unreasonable treaties, which demanded China to cede territories, pay indemnities and/or open trading ports.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/qing.htm (1124 words)

	Manchu Qing Dynasty - Part I -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Manchu Qing China, in the ensuing hundreds of years, had been mostly occupied with "pleasure-seeking and literature-decoration", a 1916 comment by Japanese Prime Minister in regards to Yuan Shi-kai's death and its influence on the rise and fall of the Republic Of China.
		At the rivermouth of Dongjiang on the border of China and Korea, Mao Wenlong, a Ming 'zong bing' general, was attacked by the Manchus.
		Qing Emperor Shunzhi, 9th son of age 6, was selected as the new emperor as a compromise of confrontations between Duo-e-gun, other manchu princes [like Ji-e-ha-lang] and dowager empresses.
	www.republicanchina.org /ManchuQing.html (13929 words)

	Chinese history:The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
		The Qing thus became the first dynasty to eliminate successfully all danger to China Proper from across its land borders.
		The chief threat to China's integrity did not come overland, as it had so often in the past, but by sea, reaching the southern coastal area first.
		The empire's inability to evaluate correctly the nature of the new challenge or to respond flexibly to it resulted in the demise of the Qing and the collapse of the entire millennia-old framework of dynastic rule.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/qing.htm (529 words)

	Manchu Qing Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Manchu Qing China, in the ensuing hundreds of years, had been mostly occupied with "pleasure-seeking and literature-decoration", a 1916 comment by Japanese Prime Minister Okuma Shigenobu in regards to Yuan Shi-kai's death and its influence on the rise and fall of the Republic Of China.
		Furthermore, going against the wind would be a professor of the "Modern History of China" at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, by the name of Frank Dikötter, who had written a ludicrous article on "Narcotic Culture.
		Manchu China's finance system, which was based on a domestic conversion rate of one tael silver to 800-1000 copper coins [that was a legacy of Qin Dynasty currency], would be derailed when one tael silver had to be converted from 1800 copper coins or more before the tax revenues could be surrrendered to the court.
	www.republicanchina.org /qing.html (11515 words)

	Coastal China or Inland Empire?
		During the last two decades of the twentieth century, however, a group of new Qing historians including Pamela Crossley, Mark Elliott, Nicolo Di Cosmo, Jonathan Lipman, and Evelyn Rawski among others, have begun the process of coming to grips with the Inner-Asian character of the Qing Dynasty.
		On the other hand, Millward draws on the Qing imperial ideology articulated by the Qianlong Emperor to depict his interpretation of the Qing Empire, which has five distinct cultural and ethnic groups enclosed in their own circles situated around the Qing imperial house in the center of the diagram.
		Although Millward’s Qing-centered understanding spotlights the nature of Qing imperium in Inner Asia, by temporal and geographic restriction, it fails to address the issues of the coastal frontier.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/brentqingessay.htm (2393 words)

	Qing - China's Last Dynasty
		Though the Qing Emperors were autocrats, they carried out many popular reforms to stabilize the society and to stimulate the economy.
		When the Qing dynasty fought and lost the First Opium War to the U.K. in 1840, it signed the Treaty of Nanking.
		The treaty was, by all means, the beginning of the nightmare for the Qing dynasty.
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_42_7.html (693 words)

	Travel in China,Qing East Tomb
		Nurachi, father of Huangtaiji who was later buried in the North Tomb, was the founder of the Dajin Dynasty, which later became the Qing Dynasty.
		He successfully united the different minority tribes in Northeast China and established a powerful empire.
		The tomb was completed in 1651, and reconstructed in the Kangxi and Qianlong Period of the Qing Dynasty.
	www.chinavoc.com /travel/scenery/qingdtomb_s.asp (199 words)

	The Qing Dynasty (1644-1911): Painting \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		and established their own Qing (or Pure) dynasty, which lasted nearly 300 years.
		During the first half of this period, the Manchus extended their rule over a vast empire that grew to encompass new territories in Central Asia, Tibet, and Siberia.
		The Manchus also established their hegemony over Chinese cultural traditions as an important means of demonstrating their legitimacy as Confucian-style rulers.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/qing_1/hd_qing_1.htm (359 words)

	Qing Dynasty
		The Qing Dynasty weren't the worst rulers; under them the arts flowered (China's greatest novel, a work known variously as The Dream of the Red Chamber, A Dream of Red Mansions, and The Story of the Stone, was written during the Qing Dynasty) and culture bloomed.
		Moreover, they attempted to copy Chinese institutions and philosophy to a much greater extent than then the Mongols of the Yuan Dynasty.
		However, in their attempt to to emulate the Chinese, they were even more conservative and inflexible than the Ming Dynasty.
	www.chinatownconnection.com /qing-dynasty.htm (464 words)

	East Asia
		13 Classics of Ancient China (including "Book of Changes" and "Analects," in Chinese) (Academia Sinica, Taiwan)
		Sources on Qing Dynasty and 20th-century China (UCSD)
		Literature in Line: Lianhuanhua Picture Stories from China (Ohio State)
	history.hanover.edu /eastasia/china/china.html (269 words)

	Map of Qing Dynasty - China Highlights Travel
		Map of Qing Dynasty - China Highlights Travel
		Maps of China / Map of Ancient China / Qing Dynasty Map
		Welcome to Chinahighlights.com, Specializing in Customized China Travel!
	www.chinahighlights.com /map/qing_dynasty_map.htm (48 words)

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