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Topic: Qipchaq

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He has kindly written this short historical commentary on the formation of the Kazakh Khanate after the Qipchaq (Kipchak) steppe in southeastern Kazakhstan was reorganized by the Mongol Batu Khan, grandson of Ghengis Khan.
		Although the Qipchaq steppe was occasionally united by various nomadic confederations prior to the Mongols' arrival, it was the Mongols who welded the vast steppe into an unprecedented degree of unity.
		Following a steppe tradition of land allotment, the Qipchaq steppe was reorganized by Batu Khan (d.
	www.csen.org /Articles_Reivews/janabel.html (444 words)

	TREASURES FROM THE GOLDEN HORDE: Artefacts from the Mongol Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The leader of the Khanate of Qipchaq, Berke (1257-67), for instance, who ruled over the lands of the southern Russian steppe from the Crimea to the Aral Sea, formed an alliance with the Mamluks of Egypt, and, in 1262, declared hostilities against the Ilkhans of Persia.
		The Khanate of Qipchaq, or Juchi Ulus (literally, "the state of Juchi", eldest son of Chinggis Khan), is better known in the West as the Golden Horde.
		The majority of its population at the time of the conquest was Qipchaq Turk (known in Russian as Polovtsi), and the newly constituted state was an amalgam of Turkic, Mongolian and other ethnic and cultural influences (Bulgar, Khazar and Finno-Ugric).
	www.cloudband.com /magazine/articles3q01/exh_gibbs_goldenhorde_0801.html (1701 words)

	Het'um, Turco-Mongolica, Cilician Armenia, Mongol Khans, Medieval Mongol History, Mamlukes
		Qipchaq was, however, a traitor, for he [secretly] advised the Sultan to quickly commence battle since Ghazan's horses were very fatigued.
		The Sultan accepted this promise and in turn promised Qipchaq that if he remained true to his word, he would give him in perpetuity the lordship of Damascus, a part of his treasure, and his sister in marriage.
		After a short while Qipchaq caused all the territories to rebel, for he knew that other Tartars would be unable to come and help, since their horses could not go on expeditions in that heat.
	rbedrosian.com /hetum4.htm (5887 words)

	The Turco-Mongol Invasions III, Medieval Armenian History, Turkish History, Turkey
		The emir of Ganjak permitted the Qipchaqs to settle in the environs of the city, intending to use them against Georgian incursions.
		The Qipchaqs continued looting and raiding different parts of the Caucasus until 1223 when Iwane, in alliance with Azarbaijanis, Lezghians and other peoples finally defeated the Qipchaqs, killing or selling them into slavery (171).
		The Qipchaq raids, though less serious than the invasions which preceded and succeeded them, nonetheless contributed to the continued unsettled state of affairs initiated by the Mongols, depleted the Armeno-Georgian military of some choice leaders, and undoubtedly weakened the army's morale.
	rbedrosian.com /atmi3.htm (2781 words)

	Turco-Mongol Footnotes III
		"So the Qipchaqs arose and went to the residents of the city of Ganjak where they were joyously received, since the people there had been placed in great straits by the Georgian army, which ruined their lands and enslaved man and beast.
		The Qipchaqs brought the honorable men [of the captives] and sold them for some clothing or food.
		Rusudan summoned her army, opened the Darial Gates enabling northerners (probably Qipchaq Turks) to pour into Georgia, and sent this motley group against Jalal, who was encamped in Bolnisi valley, Somxit'i.
	www.rbedrosian.com /Dft162t205.htm (9518 words)

	Isfastan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Midanic group is the most widespread and dominant, the Qipchaq is a close second, while the Hafraic is spoken almost exclusively in the Rub al-Karim.
		The Qipchaq group originated in the southern Rub al-Badia, and spread from there to the Sahel al-Ahmar and the western parts of the Five Emirates.
		Yazdi Qipchaq is spoken by almost all of the Al-Badia of the Southern Rub al-Badia, and many of the Al-Hadhar as well.
	www.seittipaja.fi /isfastan/html_bin/languages.html (929 words)

	Hudud al-'Alam - 21 - Commentary of V. Minorsky
		To what an extent the form of association of the Qipchaq with the Kimäk was changed towards the end of the eleventh century is witnessed by the quotation from K
		To characterize the further succession of nomad tribes in southern Russia suffice it to mention [3] the following facts: in 1036 Yaroslav of Kiev inflicted the final crushing defeat on the Pechenegs.
		Explaining the process of formation of the Qipchaq tribe Marquart assumes three gradual stages of its mongolization (?).
	www.kroraina.com /hudud/hud_21_c.html (1101 words)

	Reviews in History:
		My answer has been that the ecclesiastical and secular establishments were affected by two different outside influences -Byzantium and the Qipchaq Khanate, respectively.
		The traditions, practices, doctrines, and values of the Byzantine Empire drew on those of the Christian Roman Empire (the largest empire in the West in the ancient world), developed them, and transmitted them through the Church to Muscovy.
		The traditions, practices, doctrines, and values of the Qipchaq Khanate drew on those of the Mongol Empire (the largest land empire in world history), developed them, and transmitted them through the governmental apparatus to Muscovy.
	www.history.ac.uk /reviews/paper/ryan.html (1775 words)

	VIRTUAL MONGOLIA: Kara Korum Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1225 Jochi ruled the western Qipchaq and the territories on the Aral and Caspian Seas.
		The Qipchaq Khanate, ruled directly by Batu, was referred to as the Golden Horde.
		In the early fifteenth century the Mongols became engaged in internecine strife which eroded the might of the Qipchaq Khanate.
	ubpost.mongolnews.mn /virtualmongolia/kara_korum/mongol_tibet.htm (10006 words)

	Appendix A
		So many non-nobles ( uaznoni) were thus elevated to noble status ( aznauroba) that in the 11th century Georgian sources a new term, aghzeebulni ("the raised") appeared to designate this growing body (11).
		In 1155 king David V tried to check the Orbeleans' power by removing them from the amirspasalar ate and giving that office to the Orbeleans' principal Georgian rivals, the Abulet'isjes, to whom other important duties had been given (14).
		In 1184, the Gamrekelis were eievated to the amirspasalar ate, and several years later the Armenized Kurdish family of Zak'arean/Mxargrceli (15).
	www.rbedrosian.com /appa.htm (2110 words)

	Ragibagh Khan - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, Yesün Temür's sudden death triggered an uprising of an antimainstream faction who had been dissatisfied with monopolization of power by Yesün Temür's aides including Dawlat Shah who had served to him since he was stationed in Mongolia as Jinong.
		In the eighth month, the Qipchaq commander El Temür, who was stationed in Dadu, launched a coup and called for installation of Khayishan 's son.
		Tugh Temür was welcomed into Dadu in the same month in which Ragibagh ascended to the throne.
	www.iridis.com /Ragibagh_Khan (361 words)

	AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board - Christian Golden Horde (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Despite establishing overlordship over the christian slavs to the north, the Mongols and Turks (who comprised the majority of the local nomads) remained largely and officially pagan until the conversion of Ozbeg Khan (ruled 1313-41) to Islam (several previous Khans had converted, but it was regarded as a personal affair only).
		Moreover, the Qipchaq Tatars might be inclined to establish it's own fleet in the Caspian; which, along with a more stable government and quite possibly artillery, could prove enough to keep Timur from leveling Sarai at the end of the fourteenth century.
		By 1400, the Qipchaq Khanate, if all goes well, would remain direct rulers of the bulk of Russia outside of Novgorod's dominions as well as the steppe from the Dniester to the Ural and perhaps beyond.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?t=3038 (2229 words)

	Question about Mamluks
		It was a standard practice of sultans of Qipchaq descent to recruit or purchase mamluks of their Qipchaq ethnicity.
		The preponderance of the Qipchaq ethnicity during the late Ayyubid and Bahri Maluk periods may account for the choice of Qipchaq, one of many regional lingua francas, as the lingua franca of the Mamluk court throughout Mamluk rule, including the second period when the Circassian element was at the helm.
		The Qipchaqs seem to be the people referred to by the Byzantines as Cumans, and by the Russians as Polovtsi.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/51/196.html (4371 words)

	H-Net Review: Russell E. Martin on Muscovy and the Mongols: Cross-Cultural Influences on the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He seeks to place Muscovy in the broader, more general narrative of world history and to identify what components of Muscovite culture, society and politics appear to have been borrowed from abroad, and the ways and extent to which Muscovites made these borrowings their own.
		But in terms of the political structures and the military, Muscovy was drenched in Mongol influences, largely because of the political dependency of Muscovy on the Qipchaq Khanate.
		The title might suggest that the work is devoted only to the relationship between Muscovy and the Mongols and their successors on the Steppe and along the Volga.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=9083943395659 (2282 words)

	Chronology of Islamic Egypt
		The Mamluks are divided into an earlier group called the Bahri Mamluks, and a later group, the Burgi Mamluks; the Bahri Mamluks were originally soldiers based on Roda Island by Cairo, on the Nile (Bahr), while the Burgi Mamluks were associated with the Citadel (al-Burj).
		The Bahri Mamluks derived largely from Qipchaq tribesmen in what is now southern Russia, with Mongols and Kurds; the Burgi Mamluks were mainly Circassians, from the Caucasus mountains.
		There was a tendency for sons of the family, after two or three generations, to move into professions other than the military; the military stock was continually replaced with new troops of slave status from those areas.
	www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk /chronology/islamic.html (1040 words)

	Paragon Book Gallery \| Browse Subjects \| Full Citation
		In this innovative and challenging study, Donald Ostrowski adds fresh and important insights to a pivotally important yet poorly understood subject--Mongol influence on Muscovy.
		Ostrowski considers here the outside origins and influences, as well as the indigenous origins and development, and shows that during the early period of Muscovy the dominant outside influences came through both Byzantium and the Qipchaq Khanate with its capital at Sarai.
		In considering these outside influences, Ostrowski has set out to study Muscovy as an integral and important part of world history.
	www.paragonbook.com /html/browsesubj/fullcitation.cfm?item=30804 (115 words)

	MapZones.com : Kazakhstan People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		At that time, an around 1 million Kazaks lived in China, and a sizeable but uncounted Kazak population resided in Mongolia.
		The Kazaks are a nominally Muslim people who speak a Turkic language of the Northwest or Kipchak (Qipchaq) group.
		Fewer than one-fifth of the more than eight million ethnic Kazaks live outside Kazakstan, mainly in Uzbekistan and Russia.
	www.mapzones.com /world/asia/kazakhstan/peopleindex.php (252 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This crucible appeared in the shape of an invasion of Central Asia by the Mongols, who were gradually leaving their homeland of Mongolia and heading for the green pastures of the Qipchaq plain and the river valleys of Ma Wara' al-Nahr.
		The man who underwent the ordeal that resulted in the permanent merging of the spirit of Islam and the culture of Iran is Mawlana Jalal al-Din of Balkh, who due to his permanent residence in Konya, in present-day Turkey, is usually referred to as Rumi.
		After the capture of Tabriz and Darband by the Qipchaq ruler, Tukhtamish, in 1385, Khujandi was taken to Saray, where he became the king's companion and accompanied him on his campaigns.
	www.iles.umn.edu /faculty/bashiri/Iran%20Islam%20html%20folder/IslamIran.html (10219 words)

	The Scholars of Shen Zhou :: View topic - Your favorite Central Asian ruler
		It was later used for the Magyars' land for some time, until the Romans started calling Qipchaq Steppes in Southern Russia with the same name.
		By the 13th century, the Mamluks, originally Qipchaq slaves-guards of Ayyubids, started calling their newly-founded sultanate as Mamalik-i Turki or Dawlat-it Turkiyye.
		We're not sure since when Asia Minor was called as Turkey; but some claim it was Friedrich the Great during the Third Crusade while some say it was Marco Polo during the 13th century.
	www.the-scholars.com /viewtopic.php?t=4881&start=0 (885 words)

	Muscovy and the Mongols - Cambridge University Press
		Donald Ostrowski considers here the outside origins and influences, as well as indigenous origins and development, in order that the reader may gain a clearer understanding of Muscovy as a political entity, its political institutions and political culture.
		He shows that during the early period of Muscovy (1304—1448) the ecclesiastical and secular institutions were affected by two different outside influences, Byzantium and the Qipchaq Khanate, respectively.
		In considering these outside influences, he has set out to study Muscovy as an integral and important part of world history.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=052159085X&print=y (359 words)

	[No title]
		I'm on my way back in less than a month, so I might be able to get some more info.
		I spoke to a number of Turks (as in from Turkey) in Kazakstan, and they had the same sort of impression - a definite sense of kinship with the Kazaks.
		The language is called > _yeni qipchaq_ (I think), currently written in the Cyrillic alphabet which > is to be replaced by the Latin-Turkish alphabet.
	listserv.brown.edu /archives/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0406b&L=conlang&F=&S=&P=14464 (538 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The third group, the Qipchaq, also has retained its tribal affiliations and has subdivisions such as the Qunqurt, the Manghut, and the Kurama.
		The assimilation of the Tajiks into the Uzbek fold is a clear example.
		They are also in the process of absorbing the Turki and the Qipchaq by gradually divesting them of their tribal ways and ushering them into the Sart culture.
	www.iles.umn.edu /faculty/bashiri/Courses/Uzbek.html (2243 words)

	Gene Expression: American "genocide"
		The first category is the "Sart", settled population (predominantly Tajik), followed by the two tribal groupings; Turki (Turkmen) and Qipchaq (the authentic Uzbek).
		The imperial conquest of the 15th centuries replaced the dominant Turkmen culture with Qipchaq.
		Nevertheless the Tajik population of Uzbekistan (except in Bukhara-Samarkand and the southeast) merely give their ethnicity as Uzbek because they are bilingual and in the throe of assimilation.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/001151.html (6379 words)

	Ibn al
		For his own time, when the Rūs became less active militarily in the south, he mentions the land of the Rus only parenthetically.
		The Rūs assembled upon hearing of the Tatar victory over the Qifjāq (Qipchaq), and readied themselves to meet the Tatar army.
		They were overconfident, however, and were caught off guard, resulting in their defeat in a great battle and in their massacre.
	www.deremilitari.org /resources/ARTICLES/watson1.htm (4486 words)

	Kipchak cultural overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Russians called them "Polovetsy", the Hungarians "Kun-ok", the Arabs and Persians "Qipchaq" and "Qangli", the Mongols "Kimchag", the Germans sometimes "Falven", and most of the rest of Europe knew them as the "Cumans".
		One can still find remnants of these proud people in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, where people continue to have Kipchak tribal names and speak modern versions of the Kipchak tongue, but this too is in jeapordy.
		(30) Peter B. Golden, "Religion among the Qipchaqs," ([last issue of] 1998): 191-193.
	www.kipchak.com /interested/Kipchakcultural.html (3454 words)

	TURKIC LITERATURE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD (Ch. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He points out that among the Yaghma, Tukhsi, Qipchaq, Oghuz and other dialects that he elsewhere refers to as outside the realm of pure Turkic, the dh in Chigil speech is changed to y, so "when the Türks say qadhin " these others say qayin (DLT 26, TTD 43).
		This contradiction over whether the Chigil or the Yaghma and Tukhsi dialects are the most correct indicates that the sounds are not as important as the political and cultural boundaries that he uses to distinguish ethnicity.
		He states that the vowels used in past tense endings by the Oghuz, Qipchaq, Arghu and Känchäk are all incorrect, not the same as those used by Türks (DLT 504, TTD 3:190).
	www.utoledo.edu /~nlight/dissch3.htm (14497 words)

	Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative •• Türk Öykürleri Sandığı
		They live in the Yedisu and Syr Darya provinces.
		"OrtayÅz" has five uruks: Girey, Nayman, Argin, Qipchaq, and Qongrat.
		"Qipchaq" has four large oymak: Kîk MÅrÅn, KÅldenen, Buchay, Qara Baliq.
	aton.ttu.edu /Origins_of_the_Kazaks_and_the_Ozbeks.asp (5302 words)

	Isfastan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Companions of the Golden ‘Ud Fatima bint Amira ben Mustafa (Raqqaasa): Fatima, or Fata, as she is most often known, is one of the longest-running Companions.
		Originally from the Clan Mustafa of the Qipchaq Bedouins, she followed her mother in joining the Company.
		She has now been traveling with them seven years.
	www.seittipaja.fi /isfastan/html_bin/zithParty.html (923 words)

	CMEIS
		He has written recently on Islam in the Balkans and on popular Sufism in Eastern Europe.
		Professor Norris began by sketching the history of Islam in the Baltic states, which was introduced to the region around the fourteenth century with the influx of the Nogai and Qipchaq Tartars, amongst others.
		There are several references to this part of the world in Arabic literature, such as those of Ibn Fadlan, who mentioned the dazzling lights of the Aurora Borealis arousing visions of warring infidels and believers.
	www.cmeis.cam.ac.uk /newsletter_spring_2005.htm (2249 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354
		We made for a harbour called Karsh [Kerch], intending to enter it, but some people on the hill made signs to us not to enter, and fearing that there were enemy vessels in the port, we turned back along the coast.
		There is no firewood so they make fires of dung, and you will see even the highest of them picking it up and putting it in the skirts of their garments.
		The day after our arrival one of the merchants in our company hired some waggons from the Qipchaqs who inhabit this desert, and who are Christians, and we came to Kafa [Kaffa], a large town extending along the sea-coast, inhabited by Christians, mostly Genoese, whose governor is called Damdir [Demetrio].
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/1354-ibnbattuta.html (22791 words)

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