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	Quadruple Alliance. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of Spain, guided by Cardinal Alberoni, sought by force to nullify the peace settlements reached after the War of the Spanish Succession (see Utrecht, Peace of).
		On the same day that treaty was signed (Nov. 20), the Quadruple Alliance was renewed in order to insure the treaty’s execution.
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1834 was formed by Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal for the purpose of strengthening the constitutional government of Spain and the throne of Isabella II against the Carlists.
	www.bartleby.com /65/qu/Quadrupl.html (288 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Quadruple
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of Spain, guided by Cardinal Alberoni, sought by force to nullify the peace settlements reached after the War of the Spanish Succession
		Holy Alliance 1815, agreement among the emperors of Russia and Austria and the king of Prussia, signed on Sept. 26.
		It was quite distinct from the Quadruple Alliance (Quintuple, after the admission of France) of Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia, arrived at first in 1814 and revived in 1815.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Quadruple (723 words)

	CHAPTER XVII. - SPANISH AND EASTERN AFFAIRS.
		Alliances of opinion usually cover the pursuit on one or both sides of some definite interest; and to this rule the alliance which appeared to be springing up between France and England after the changes of 1830 was no exception.
		The appearance of the English fleet and the publication of the Treaty of Quadruple Alliance rendered further resistance hopeless, and on the 22nd of May Miguel made his submission, and in return for a large pension renounced all rights to the crown, and undertook to quit the Peninsula for ever.
		With respect to Portugal, the Quadruple Alliance had completely attained its object; and in so far as the Carlist cause was strengthened by the continuance of civil war in the neighbouring country, this source of strength was no doubt withdrawn from it.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Europe/00000028.htm (7871 words)

	Quadruple Alliance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1- The Quadruple Alliance of 1674 was an alliance between the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Spain, the Electorate of Brandenburg, and the United Provinces of the Netherlands, in the context of the Franco-Dutch War.
		3- The Quadruple Alliance of 1745 was formed between the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Saxony and Austria in the later stages of the War of the Austrian Succession.
		5- The Quadruple Alliance of 1835 was formed by the United Kingdom, France, Spain and Portugal to support queen Isabella II of Spain against her uncle Don Carlos, Count of Molina, who claimed the Spanish throne under the succession law of 1714-1830.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quadruple_Alliance (217 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Holy Alliance - AOL Research & Learn
		The alliance was essentially an attempt by the conservative rulers to preserve the social order.
		Ultimately all the princes of Europe signed the alliance except three—George IV of England, who could not, for constitutional reasons; the pope, who could not, for religious reasons; and the sultan, who was not a Christian prince.
		The Holy Alliance became a symbol of the reaction dominated by Metternich.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/holy-alliance/20051206052009990013 (296 words)

	Russia's Historical Alliance Behavior: The Soviet Union and World Order
		Alliance patterns inherited from Tsarist Russia thus provide an important explanation why the Soviets were able during the interwar years concurrently and creatively to pursue both collective-security and balance-of-power policies.
		The second traditional pattern was entente or alliance with the western European republics, as in the Dual Alliance and Anglo–Russian Convention, with the goal of containing Germany.
		The alliance with Germany followed in the geographic footsteps of the Three Emperors' League, itself the Bismarckian and most successful Imperial Russian formulation of egoistic diplomacy during the period between the Crimean War and Brest-Litovsk.
	www.robertcutler.org /ch87wfh.htm (1903 words)

	Quadruple Alliance - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A progressive rapprochement between Spain and France led to the Family Compact of 1733 and a further redistribution of territories after the War of the Polish Succession (1733-35).
		Quadruple amputee runs own cable-TV show, skis and surfs.(Originated from Knight-Ridder Newspapers)
		Good Carrier and Country Presence Quadruples in Three Months; GoodLink Connects Over 4,500 Enterprise Customers on Six Continents.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-quadrupl.html (419 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Quad’ruple Alliance of 1674. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Germany, Spain, Denmark, and Holland formed an alliance against France to resist the encroachments of Louis XIV., who had declared war against Holland.
		An alliance between England, France, Germany, and Holland, to guarantee the succession in England to the House of Hanover; to secure the succession in France to the House of Bourbon; and to prohibit Spain and France from uniting under one crown.
		alliance of England, France, Spain, and Portugal for the purpose of restoring peace to the Peninsula, by putting down the Carlists or partisans of Don Carlos.
	www.bonus.com /contour/bartlettqu/http@@/www.bartleby.com/81/13843.html (142 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 3 March 1918
		Warships of the States which continue in the state of war with the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance, in so far as they are within Russian sovereignty, will be treated as Russian warships.
		Article XI As regards the economic relations between the Powers of the Quadruple Alliance and Russia the regulations contained in Appendices II-V are determinative....
		The Russian Government obligates itself, upon the desire of one of the powers of the Quadruple Alliance, to execute the exchange of the documents of ratification within a period of two weeks.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/brestlitovsk.htm (1035 words)

	Quadruple Alliance - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Quadruple Alliance - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Laibach, Congress of, meeting of representatives of the Quadruple Alliance, a union consisting of Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia whose...
		Alliance (city, Ohio) : colleges and universities: Mount Union College
	encarta.msn.com /Quadruple_Alliance.html (140 words)

	Lebanonwire.com \| The Sources of the Disaster
		The parliamentary majority cannot be dissociated from this degradation: it had formed a quadruple alliance with Amal and Hezbollah for what were at best reasons purely related to the elections.
		The Alliance also sent out a message to the Christians to the effect that their Sunni and Druze allies are afraid of them, notwithstanding the March 14 meeting that was supposed to overcome these fears.
		Needless to say, the degenerate 'Lebanonism' here nourished the degenerate 'Lebanonism' there, so that the quadruple alliance was the launching pad for the rise of Michel Aoun, the icon of Christian fears par excellence.
	www.lebanonwire.com /0612MLN/061311422DAH.asp (639 words)

	WHKMLA : War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718-1720
		Following the War of Spanish Succession 1701-1714, Philip V. of Spain could hold on to Spain proper and the Spanish colonial empire, but had to cede the Spanish Netherlands, Milan and Naples to Austria, Sicily to Savoy-Piemont and Obergeldern to Brandenburg-Prussia.
		On August 2nd 1718, Great Britain, Austria, France and the Dutch Republic concluded the Quadruple Alliance, formed in order to contain Spain.
		While the Dutch Republic did not live up to her treaty obligations, Savoy-Piemont was caused by Spanish policy to join the Quadruple Alliance.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/18cen/quadrall17181720.html (623 words)

	Quadruple Alliance — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of Spain, guided by Cardinal
		The Quadruple Alliance of Mar., 1814, was concluded among Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia at Chaumont, France, in order to strengthen their coalition against Napoleon I. After Napoleon's first abdication the four powers made peace with France (see
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1834 was formed by Great Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal for the purpose of strengthening the constitutional government of Spain and the throne of Isabella II against the
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0840706.html (501 words)

	The Succession Laws of Parma
		To preserve the peace, a defensive alliance was formed between the Emperor, Great Britain, France, and the Netherlands by the treaty of London of August 2, 1718 (Quadruple Alliance): the stick was a threat of war against Spain, the carrot was the offer of the succession to Tuscany and Parma to the infante Carlos.
		Spain acceded to the term of the treaty of the Quadruple Alliance in 1721.
		The reciprocal renunciations of the Spanish king and the Emperor to their claims were made and exchanged in London in 1721; a final peace treaty between Spain and the Emperor signed in Vienna on April 30, 1725 and ratified by the Empire on June 7, 1725.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/royalty/parma.htm (2047 words)

	Triple Alliance — FactMonster.com
		The Triple Alliance of 1668 was formed by the Netherlands, England, and Sweden against France after Louis XIV had invaded the Spanish Netherlands in the War of
		Largely because of the initiative of the Dutch statesman Jan de Witt, the alliance represented a sufficient threat to Louis XIV to induce him to negotiate the Treaty of
		War of the Triple Alliance - Triple Alliance, War of the, 1865–70, fought between Paraguay on one side and an alliance of...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0849434.html (200 words)

	Can't Russia Join the Club, Too? by Fareed Zakaria
		That will further change the essential nature of the alliance, moving it from a tight military camp to a larger crisis-solving and democracy-strengthening organization.
		After having come together to defeat Napoleon, the Quadruple Alliance soon fell apart in the 1820s and 1830s.
		Precisely because there are no longer actual threats to the security of Western Europe and other members, the alliance must deal with those threats that exist -- whether in Bosnia or the Middle East -- which require a new, expanded alliance.
	www.fareedzakaria.com /ARTICLES/newsweek/050498.html (793 words)

	Argives (Early Hoplite Greek) (DBA I/52a)
		In 481 BC, Argos declined to join the Hellenic League, the alliance of Greeks formed to resist the Persian invasion by Xerxes, and remained neutral in the Greek-Persian conflict.
		In 395 BC, a new Quadruple Alliance was formed between Athens, Corinth, Boeotia (Thebes) and Argos.
		Spartan and its allies responded militarily, inflicting defeats on the alliance at Nemea and Coroneia.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/I52a.html (2082 words)

	Quadruple Alliance - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Quadruple Alliance of 1718 was formed by Great Britain, France, the Holy Roman emperor, and the Netherlands when Philip V of Spain, guided by Cardinal Alberoni
		The Quadruple Alliance of Mar., 1814, was concluded among Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia at Chaumont, France, in order to strengthen their coalition against Napoleon I. After Napoleon's first abdication the four powers made peace with France (see Paris, Treaty of
		, signed a few days earlier by Russia, Austria, and Prussia, became confused with the Quadruple Alliance, especially since the international congresses at Aachen (1818), Troppau (1820), Laibach (1821), and Verona (1822)—which were held according to provisions of the Quadruple Alliance—increasingly shaped the policy of the Holy Alliance, while England retired into splendid isolation.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Quadrupl (517 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Congress of Vienna
		This was the brainchild of Tsar Alexander I who proposed an alliance of all the Christian rulers of Europe in order to deal with each other like brothers, and to rule their subjects like fathers, in the name of God.
		In practice, the Holy Alliance would be used to protect the "legitimate" rulers (those representing God) from any form of attack, including internal revolution.
		By 1818 it was evident that the French people had accepted Louis XVII as their king and that there was no further danger of another return of Napoleon from exile.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/empires/0034f.html (445 words)

	War of the Quadruple Alliance & Jacobite Rebellion, 1718-1720 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The war of the Quadruple Alliance was a dynastic and territorial struggle originating in Spain.
		Upon the death of Louis XIV of France, his grandson Felipe V of Spain (and uncle of the new child King Louis XV) wanted the throne of France for himself, and sought to regain territories lost by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1714 which had settled the War of the Spanish Succession.
		Spain, in turn, prepared a new siege of Gibraltar, and reiterated its support of the Jacobite cause, in violation of the 1713 Treaty which recognised Queen Anne and her successors -- leading to a new Anglo-Spanish war
	www.regiments.org /wars/18thcent/19sp-stu.htm (948 words)

	Alliance Systems - Alliance A-5000 Server
		Alliance Systems A-Series ATCA platforms are Intel based systems designed and tested to support Intel shelf managers and run Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating systems.
		Alliance’s A-5000 standard confi guration includes two Intel Chassis Management Modules (CMMs) and two 16-port PICMG 3.0 Gigabit Ethernet base fabric switches for redundancy and provides three node slots for expansion boards such as low-voltage single board computers supporting dual Xeon 2.0 GHz processors, media server, Intel IXP network processing, and other ATCA-compliant blades.
		The building blocks of a complete ATCA solution include integration and testing of many hardware and software components which Alliance systems has performed to enable deployment of these new triple and quadruple play applications.
	www.alliancesystems.com /Products/ServerDetail.aspx?id=94 (248 words)

	The French and Indian War
		She was not satisfied with this treaty; and it was the ill-concealed design of Cardinal Alberoni, her ambitious minister, to reclaim the vast territories of which she had been stripped.
		This alliance was confirmed and enlarged by another treaty made the following year, in which the emperor of Germany became a party.
		By confirming to the emperor of Germany his portion of the spoil, she detached him from the quadruple alliance, and engaged him to assist her in the recovery of Gibraltar.
	www.sonofthesouth.net /texas/french-indian-war.htm (2582 words)

	Concert of Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Concert of Europe was formulated in 1815 as a mechanism to enforce the decisions of the Congress of Vienna.
		Composed of the Quadruple Alliance: Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Great Britain, its main priorities were to establish a balance of power, thereby preserving the territorial status quo, and to protect "legitimate" governments.
		Headed by Prince Metternich of Austria, the Concert of Europe was one of the first serious attempts in modern times to establish an international society to maintain the peace.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/concert/concessy.html (571 words)

	Poland, 1815: Preventing Violent Conflict: Teaching Guides: For The Classroom: Education: U.S. Institute of Peace
		Later that year, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and Britain signed the Quadruple Alliance (the Quintuple Alliance when France joined in 1818), which gave birth to the Concert of Europe or Congress System, a European network designed to maintain order, peace, and stability.
		The object of all his efforts has been to see the members of the Alliance acquire dimensions capable of maintaining the general equilibrium and he fails to see how, with such principles, the congress can become a center of intrigue and hate.
		It is for the world to judge whether the desires of gaining a million more or less of population or that of assuring himself of a preponderance, were capable of animating him of guiding any of his proceedings.
	www.usip.org /class/guides/preventing_poland.html (1418 words)

	War of the Quadruple Alliance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The War of the Quadruple Alliance was a minor European war fought between 1718 and 1720, mostly in Italy, between Spain on the one side, and the Quadruple Alliance of Austria, France, Great Britain, and the United Provinces.
		Shortly thereafter, the Spanish advanced, invading Sicily, which had been awarded to the Duke of Savoy.
		This led, on August 2, 1718, to the formation of the Quadruple Alliance, with the Emperor now joining the Triple Alliance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/War_of_the_Quadruple_Alliance (273 words)

	Opportunism and the Collapse of the Second International -- VI Lenin
		Social-chauvinism and opportunism have the same class basis, namely, the alliance of a small section of privileged workers with "their" national bourgeoisie against the working-class masses; the alliance between the lackeys of the bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie against the class the latter is exploiting.
		It is quite ripe for an open, frequently vulgar, alliance with the bourgeoisie and the general staffs.
		It is this alliance that gives it great power and a monopoly of the legal press and of deceiving the masses.
	members.tripod.com /ww_bbs/lenin/1916-oci.htm (4705 words)

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