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Topic: Quagga

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	Quagga
		Quaggas obtained their name from their warning cry, which sounded like “Kwa-ha-ha.” The plains zebra, also known as Burchell’s zebra, has the same distinctive cry, and it is believed that quaggas were a subspecies of the plains zebra.
		Quaggas were identified by their colouring—although they had dark stripes on a white head, the stripes slowly became a solid brown colour somewhere behind the shoulder.
		Quaggas were social animals often found in the company of other animals, such as the wildebeest and ostrich.
	www.wildinfo.net /facts/Quagga.asp (761 words)

	Recently Extinct Animals - Quagga - Equus quagga quagga
		The Quagga was a southern subspecies of the plain zebra with withers of 1.30 meter.
		Formerly they thought that the Quagga was a separate species (Equus quagga), but after examination of portions of mitochondrial DNA and protein in the 1980's, which revealed that the Quagga is a subspecies (Equus burchelli quagga) of the plain zebra (Equus burchelli).
		The Quagga went extinct because it was ruthless hunted down for meat and leather by South African farmers, also were they seen by the settlers as competitors, like other wild grass eating animals, for of their livestock, mainly sheep and goats.
	home.conceptsfa.nl /~pmaas/rea/quaggagb.htm (580 words)

	Quagga - Equus quagga: More Information - ARKive
		However Quaggas, with their dark stripes on the head and neck merging into brown coloured hindquarters (2) and pale legs devoid of stripes (3), looked quite distinctive compared to the zebras that we recognise today (2).
		Quaggas were found in the Karoo and southern Free State of South Africa, the date of the disappearance of the last wild animal is unknown but the final quagga died at the Artis Magistra Zoo in Amsterdam in 1883 (3).
		During this time, the term 'quagga' in Afrikaans was used for all zebras, and this produced confusion; the uniqueness of this particular zebra was not fully recognised until it was too late (3).
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/mammals/Equus_quagga/more_info.html (657 words)

	Quagga - LoveToKnow 1911
		QUAGGA, or Couagga, an animal of the genus Equus (see Horse), nearly allied to Burchell's zebra, formerly met with in vast herds on the great plains of South Africa between the Cape Colony and the Vaal river, but now completely extinct.
		Generally speaking, the colour of the head, neck, and upper-parts of the body was reddish-brown, irregularly banded and marked with dark brown stripes, stronger on the head and neck and gradually becoming fainter until lost behind the shoulder.
		The accompanying illustration is reduced from a painting made from one of two which were driven in Hyde Park by Mr.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Quagga (250 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Got Questions?: Quagga
		The last quaggas were kept in the Berlin Zoo in Germany (until 1875) and the Amsterdam Zoo in Holland, where the last one died in 1883.
		The quagga was a subspecies of the southern plains, or Burchell's zebra.
		Quaggas also lost their grazing lands to people who used the land to raise domestic sheep.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/got_questions_quagga.html (256 words)

	'Bringing back'the Quagga
		The quaggas looked like a zebra in the front half of its body and at the back like a horse, in other words, it had zebra stripes on the neck and shoulders and pale, brown hindquarters.
		However, the extinct Quagga was not a zebra species of its own but one of several subspecies or local forms of the plains zebra.
		The Quagga project attempts to breed through selection a population of plains zebras, which in its external appearance, and possibly genetically as well, will be closer, if not identical to the former population known as 'Quagga'.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2003/july/quagga.htm (950 words)

	Bringing back the quagga - SouthAfrica.info
		The quagga lived in the Karoo and southern Free State, and differed in appearance from other zebras: it was striped on the front half of its body only and was a creamy, light brown on its upper parts and whitish on its belly and legs.
		Quagga meat was eaten by farm labourers and the skin used for grainbags and leather, with many raw animal hides sent out of the country.
		Rau became convinced that the quagga was a subspecies of the plains zebra.
	www.southafrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/fauna_flora/quagga.htm (1317 words)

	Quagga Stamps
		The Quagga was a South African zebra with a brown body and a white tail and legs.
		The Quagga was hunted to extinction by the 1880s because the settlers perceived it as a competitor for the grazing land needed by livestock.
		In 1987 the Quagga Project was established to attempt exactly that: to recreate the Quagga through selective breeding and reintroduce it into its former habitat.
	www.pibburns.com /cryptost/quagga.htm (300 words)

	The Quagga Wild Horse
		The Quagga (pronounced "kwahgah", plural Quaggae) is a wild horse-like desert beast that lives in the desert areas of Caelereth.
		The muzzle, hooves, mane and tail tuft of the Quagga are dark brown.
		This type of Quagga is found mainly in the Ráhaz-Dáth Desert and is known locally as the Zahbriny.
	www.santharia.com /bestiary/horse_quagga.htm (1104 words)

	Quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis)
		Quagga mussels are now found in much of Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, the Erie Canal, the upper St. Lawrence River and parts of Lake Huron.
		Quaggas are biofouling mussels that look much like zebra mussels and live in many of the same habitats.
		Quagga mussels attach to hard substrates in freshwater habitats and cause many of the same problems as zebra mussels.
	www.sgnis.org /www/qmuss.htm (123 words)

	EEK! - Critter Corner - Quagga Mussel
		The ventral (bottom-side where the 2 shells attach) side of the quagga mussel is convex which makes the quagga mussel topple over when you try to stand it up on a flat surface.
		A quagga mussel feeds all year, even in winter when its cousin the zebra mussel is dormant.
		Quagga mussels stick to vegetation, so be sure to remove all plants from the boat and trailer as well.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/caer/ce/eek/critter/invert/quaggamussel.htm (544 words)

	The Quagga Breeding Project
		The Quagga Project attempts to breed, through selection, a population of plains zebras, which in its external appearance, and possibly genetically too, will be closer, if not identical to the former population known as Quagga, which was exterminated during the second half of the last century.
		It is likely that the Quagga population was not totally isolated from adjoining plains zebra populations, and that some of the Quagga genes are still present in extant populations, though diluted and dispersed.
		The Quagga re-breeding programme is comparable to the breeding of the Mongolian wild horse, the Przewalski horse, or the breeding of the European wild horse, the Tarpan, which is under way in Poland.
	www.nac.ac.za /stac/quagga.htm (1394 words)

	The Quagga (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In fact the London Zoo’s one chance of breeding Quaggas in the 1860’s was foiled when the stallion beat itself to death against the wall of its enclosure.
		They found the great herds of Quaggas and antelope easy pickings indeed and, both in the Cape and north by the Orange River, were reported to be ‘as much interested in the hide business as in their general occupation of farming’.
		For their own use, sacks for storage and transportation were normally made from the sturdy, lightweight Quagga skins and were still to be seen in everyday use long after the herds themselves had disappeared and the shrill warning cries ‘kwa-ha-ha, kwa-ha-ha, quickly repeated’ were only a memory preserved in the animals’; name.
	users.aristotle.net /~swarmack/quagga.html (985 words)

	WDNR - Invasive Animal Species - Quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis)
		Quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) are closely related to another invader, the zebra mussel (Dresssena polymorpha).
		Quagga mussels are native to Caspian Sea drainage in Eurasia.
		The quagga is light tan to almost white, with narrow stripes or mottled lines.
	dnr.wi.gov /invasives/fact/quagga.htm (325 words)

	NAS - Species FactSheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Overall, quaggas are rounder in shape and have a small byssal groove on the ventral side near the hinge (Claudi and Mackie 1994).
		The quagga must have arrived more recently than the zebra based on differences in size classes of initally discovered populations, and therefore it seems plausible that the quagga is still in the process of expanding its nonindigenous range (May and Marsden 1992, MacIsaac 1994).
		Quaggas are able to colonize both hard and soft substrata so their negative impacts on native freshwater mussels, invertebrates, industries and recreation are unclear.
	nas.er.usgs.gov /queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=95 (1807 words)

	S. Africa's quagga saga: righting a past wrong \| csmonitor.com
		Rau's obsession with the quagga began in 1969, when, as a young member of the museum's taxidermy staff, he was charged with remounting the museum's little quagga specimen.
		During the course of his travels, he became convinced that the quagga was a subspecies of the plains zebra, not a separate species, as scientists had thought.
		Since the research on the quagga DNA was published in the mid-1980s, dozens of scientists around the world have examined genetic material from extinct animals, ranging from the woolly mammoth to the Tasmanian Tiger.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/1001/p07s01-woaf.html (834 words)

	Quagga - a Whatis.com definition
		Quagga is an open source suite of applications for the management of routing protocols.
		Quagga is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
		Quagga is named for an extinct subspecies of zebra distinguished by a front end with zebra stripes and a plain brown back end.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /gDefinition/0,294236,sid44_gci1117556,00.html (323 words)

	NATURE: Horse Tigers - Restoring the Quagga
		The last known Quagga, an unusual brownish, partly striped zebra, died in the Amsterdam Zoo.
		His restoration hopes got a boost in the 1990s, when genetic scientists used tissue samples from an old Quagga hide to show that the animal was simply one variety of Plains zebra, not a separate species.
		Over the last few years, The Quagga Project has produced scores of zebras with unusual, Quagga-like markings, some of which have been released into parks and preserves.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/horsetigers/quagga.html (289 words)

	Zoe Sanderson's tribute to Reinhold Rau's rebreeding of the Quagga project
		Quaggas were distinctive animals, being stripped at the front end with plain tan quarters ending in a white tail.
		The quaggas were used as guards for domestic herds of horses and sheep.
		Selective breeding of plains zebras is being used in an attempt to breed zebras that have the coat pattern characteristics of Quaggas - patterns known by the 23 remaining skins and a few old sepia photos.
	homepages.tesco.net /~zoechaos/quaggas.htm (642 words)

	How a zebra lost its stripes: Rapid evolution of the quagga
		DNA from museum samples of extinct animals is providing unexpected information on the extent and effect of the Ice Age as well as the path of species evolution, according to a report by scientists from Yale University, the Smithsonian Institute and the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
		The pelt from a quagga museum specimen was the subject of tissue sampling that launched the field of ancient DNA analysis.
		These results suggest that the quagga descended from a population of plains zebras that became isolated and the distinct quagga body type and coloring evolved rapidly.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2005/september/quagga.htm (389 words)

	UWM Feature- quaggas
		The intruder, the quagga mussel, is potentially more threatening to the health of the lake than its nuisance cousin, the zebra mussel, scientists fear.
		Like zebra mussels, quaggas also filter plankton from the water at an astounding rate, allowing more sunlight to penetrate the water and causing a boom in aquatic algae that is inedible to fish.
		The invasion of quaggas is not good news, even if they eventually wipe out the zebra mussels, says Cuhel, because the effects on the food chain could be even more pronounced, given the new invader’s hardiness, and because it is likely that quaggas will follow the zebra mussels into other freshwater lakes.
	www.uwm.edu /News/Features/04.12/quaggas.html (943 words)

	THE MYSTERY OF THE QUAGGA
		Due to the discovery that the quagga was a plains zebra, the taxonomy (classification) of the plains zebra has changed.
		The various sub-species are Equus quagga quagga (the extinct quagga), Equus quagga burchelli (the extinct Burchell’s), Equus quagga antiquorum (Damara), Equus quagga chapmani (Chapman), Equus quagga selousi (Selous), and Equus quagga boehmi (Grant’s).
		The key to the quagga’s re-emergence and subsequent survival lies in a gene pool that is still grazing somewhere on the plains of South Africa.
	www.elcascabel.com /QuaggaMystery.htm (603 words)

	FreshPorts -- net/quagga
		Quagga is a fork of GNU Zebra which was developed by KunihiroIshiguro.
		The Quagga tree aims to build a more involved community around Quagga than the current centralised model of GNU Zebra.
		Update the user-id used by the quagga user installed by the pkg-install script to one which does not conflict with the Firebird package.
	www.freshports.org /net/quagga (1186 words)

	The Quagga Project
		It was during the latter (1969) that he re-mounted the quagga foal, the only extant specimen in southern African museum collections of an animal that had once been numbered by the thousands across the plains of the Karoo.
		Latest (2005) Quagga DNA research results, based on small tissue samples of 13 museum specimens, confirms the subspecies status of the Quagga as obtained from tissue of one museum Quagga specimen in 1984.
		The Quagga Project, which was started 17 years ago by a group of dedicated people, has developed to the point where it should no longer remain a private initiative.
	media1.mweb.co.za /quaggaproject/news.htm (1475 words)

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