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Topic: Qualification problem

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	Frame problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name 'frame problem' was coined for this phenomenon because of a common technique used by cartoon makers called framing where the currently moving parts of the cartoon are superimposed on the "frame" or the surroundings which do not change.
		The Frame Problem at the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy.
		Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence; the original article of McCarthy and Hayes that proposed the problem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frame_problem (253 words)

	Qualification problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In philosophy and AI, the qualification problem is concerned with the impossibility of listing all the preconditions required for a real-world action to have its intended effect.
		It is strongly connected to the frame problem.
		This page was last modified 21:48, 23 April 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Qualification_problem (89 words)

	ANTs eBook: Problem Definitions
		The logistics challenge problem is a practical problem that the Marines solve on a daily basis to schedule their flight operations and maintenance.
		The Electronic Warfare (EW) challenge problem was developed as a room-sized test-bed in which researchers could show how well their approaches performed with respect to each of these characteristics; at the same time, the challenge problem would present many of the problems that arise in practical applications (such as measurement noise and limitations on communication).
		The main problem statement for the EW challenge problem is: track a set of moving targets using a network of short-range, radio-equipped radars, each coupled to a computer.
	www.isi.edu /~szekely/antsebook/ebook/problem-definitions.htm (7607 words)

	Procurement Strategy: Dragged or Driven? \| COTS Journal
		Obsolescence will continue, increasingly so, to be a problem throughout the field life of the platforms where outdated technology, obsolete components and closed architecture systems are stretched further out into the future.
		The problem of obsolescence and its financial consequences was recognized in the late ’80s in America and more recently in the ’90s in the UK.
		Now that the obsolescence problem has demanded action, the military procurement “web” is suffering in that it now has to rethread the web by adopting a new philosophy and a different set of working practices.
	www.cotsjournalonline.com /home/article.php?id=100036 (881 words)

	Hayes 1973: The Frame Problem and Related Problems in AI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The main difficulty with this approach is that adding new inference rules (to, e.g., modus ponens or resolution) may cause the logic to become inconsistent, which is hard to test for since consistency is not decidable (unless the expressive power of the language is reduced).
		Finally, this paper deals with the related problem of maintaining a consistent set of beliefs for the agent in the presence of incoming observations about the external world.
		And with the possibility of future observations contradicting the agent's current knowledge, the qualification problem arises, namely what preconditions must be stated in the description of an action so that its expected effects are guaranteed to result from its execution.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /~jimmyd/summaries/hayes1973-1.html (571 words)

	The Creative Problem Solving Group - View
		Problem solving styles are consistent individual differences in the ways people prefer to deal with new ideas, manage change, and respond effectively to complex, open-ended opportunities and challenges.
		Understanding problem solving styles can be helpful in many ways to individuals, teams, small groups, and organizations.
		VIEW: An Assessment of Problem Solving Style™ is a carefully researched, but simple and easy-to-use tool that can enable people to understand their style preferences and to use that knowledge in many powerful ways.
	www.cpsb.com /cnk/view.html (1026 words)

	INTRODUCTION. THE QUALIFICATION PROBLEM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The ``qualification problem'', immediately arose in representing general common sense knowledge.
		For example, the successful use of a boat to cross a river requires, if the boat is a rowboat, that the oars and rowlocks be present and unbroken, and that they fit each other.
		Many other qualifications can be added, making the rules for using a rowboat almost impossible to apply, and yet anyone will still be able to think of additional requirements not yet stated.
	www-formal.stanford.edu /jmc/circumscription/node1.html (531 words)

	Advocacy Speech
		You must advocate a solution to the problem, and present evidence that your solution is workable.
		You must include the authors name, his or her qualification, the publication in which the quotation appeared, and the date.
		Which action must be taken or which policy must be changed (the plan) to solve the problem.
	www.elcamino.cc.ca.us /Faculty/fbishop/advocacy_speech.htm (823 words)

	Qualification
		European professional qualification directives There are two main European regulations covering the mutual recognition o...
		General National Vocational Qualification A General National Vocational Qualification, or GNVQ, is a certificate of vo...
		National Vocational Qualification A National Vocational Qualification, or NVQ, is a certificate of vocational United K...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/qualification.html (87 words)

	[No title]
		The case shows that whistle blowing was merely a symptom of larger ethical problems within both Goodrich and the aircraft brake industry as a whole from engineering responsibility regarding rationalizing ineptitude and failed innovation, the case actors' accountability for deficiencies in communications, to governmental and industry culpability in allowing erroneous qualification testing procedures to continue.
		Standard governmental qualification testing specifications and procedures were written with the five-rotor brake in mind.13 Qualification testing specifications were written by specialists in the aircraft brake industry, and procedures ensured that any properly designed five-rotor brake could meet, with some engineering discretion, testing qualifications to the letter of the government's specifications.
		Goodrich had not yet developed procedures for problems like the one Vandivier found himself embroiled in; thus, going over his immediate supervisor and side-stepping discussions with Sink (because he was out of town) meant that Vandivier had already started the whistle blowing process.
	ethics.tamu.edu /ethics/goodrich/goodric1.htm (8494 words)

	NONMONOTONICITY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The second problem with the situation calculus axioms is that they were again not general enough.
		This was the qualification problem, and a possible way around it wasn't discovered until the late 1970s.
		The frame problem (The term has been variously used, but I had it first.) occurs when there are several actions available each of which changes certain features of the situation.
	www-formal.stanford.edu /jmc/generality/node5.html (612 words)

	Correcting Systemic Qualification Failures: Group VCR (August 2000)
		Problem: Recently, a service provider came to us for help in resolving a problem which affected a large number of its clients.
		This correction can be made without IRS supervision under the Administrative Policy Regarding Self-Correction (APRSC) if the plan meets the eligibility criteria for use of that program, but no relief is given from the 50 percent excise tax.
		This situation shows that there is a viable alternative, that the IRS is willing to work with service providers to craft creative and workable solutions to common problems.
	www.reish.com /publications/article_detail.cfm?ARTICLEID=233 (723 words)

	Psycoloquy 3(60): The Complete Description of the Frame Problem
		The frame problem is not the problem of induction in disguise: "even if we had the laws of science given to us by an angel on tablets of bronze, the frame problem would still be there" [Hayes: 75].
		Perhaps "[t]he frame problem is an artifact of viewing perception as input to cognition, suggesting that input is predigested and exists apart from the process of behaving, and that memory is a special storage for descriptions of the world which are matched against rules that describe behaviors" (Clancey 1989: n18).
		Also the "old problem of how to retrieve relevant information is transformed by the realization that it does not have to be `retrieved'" (Churchland 1989: 195).
	www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk /cgi/psyc/newpsy?3.60 (3478 words)

	untitled
		We conclude this part of the course with a number of case studies which propose solutions to the frame problems.
		Tackling the Qualification Problem using Fluent Dependency Constraints, P.
		We will consider the Monkey and Bananas problem used by Green and extend it iteratively until we have a reasonable syntactic representation of the problem, but still lack an essential element: nonmonotonic inference.
	www.ida.liu.se /labs/kplab/teaching/tdda16.html (944 words)

	Electronic Newsletter Actions and Change
		Tomorrow's Newsletter will contain a summary of the state of articles presently under review, and a concluding editorial statement that summarizes the experience of the ETAI and of the present Newsletter during the past year.
		In addition, all circumscribed action scenarios in these classes and the more general class involving qualification considered in this paper can be shown to be reducible to the first-order case.
		In the paper, we present a challenge example which incorporates all these features, propose a distinction between weak and strong qualification with a representation of both, and provide a visualization of the preferred entailments using a research tool VITAL for querying and visualizing action scenarios.
	www.ida.liu.se /ext/etai/actions/njl/97036 (881 words)

	Ohio Contractors Association :: Services
		The C-92 must be executed and submitted to ODOT prior to that contractor commencing work on the project and the DBE subcontractor must have sufficient dollar pre-qualification available and possess appropriate work type qualifications at that time, regardless of their status at the time of contract execution.
		OCA had discussed with the Department the dollar pre-qualification problem DBE contractors faced when a C-92 was required at the time of contract execution, especially on a multi-year project when the DBE may not perform their work until a year or two later.
		ODOT recognized the problem and responded by developing the above policy in an effort to address that issue.
	www.ohiocontractors.org /Services/contracts.aspx (389 words)

	dBforums - Re: Way Weird Locking problem - just keeps on keeping on!
		> problem goes away and the locking returns to the expected page level.
		> > problem goes away and the locking returns to the expected page level.
		> > > problem goes away and the locking returns to the expected page level.
	www.dbforums.com /t450924.html (1298 words)

	Questions8b
		Think about starting a car, and tell me why is the qualification problem is sometimes called the "potatoe in the exhaust pipe" problem?
		Ramification, because it is not a normal effect of flapping small wings.
		As we noted, solving the "representational" frame problem came from representing actions not as functions but as objects that could be denoted by constants, functions and variables.
	www.pitt.edu /~vanlehn/FoundationsOfAI00/Questions8b.htm (1086 words)

	[No title]
		In other words, in the real world it is difficult to define the circumstances under which a given action is guaranteed to work.
		If the questioneer cannot discriminate between the computer and the human subject, the computer is said to have passed the Turing test.
		The critics of the Turing test say that it 1) is biased towards symbolic problem solving; 2) does not test perceptual ability or locomotion/dexterity; and 3) forces intelligence to be human-like.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /classes/cs6362_99_spring/midterm.txt (1126 words)

	Brakel, J. van (1992) The Complete Description of the Frame Problem, Psycoloquy: 3,#60 Frame Problem (2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Harnad, Stevan (1993) Problems, Problems: the Frame Problem as a Symptom of the Symbol Grounding Problem (11)
		Dunn, J.M. (1989) The frame problem and relevant predication.
		McDermott, D. (1987) We've been framed: Or, why AI is innocent of the frame problem.
	psycprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk /archive/00000284 (3430 words)

	Artificial Intelligence. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Ann Becker, Dan Geiger, A sufficiently fast algorithm for finding close to optimal clique trees, Artificial Intelligence 125 (1-2) (2001) pp.
		Selman, D.G. Mitchell, H.J. Levesque, Generating hard satisfiability problems, Artificial Intelligence 81 (1-2) (1996) pp.
		R.B. Scherl, H.J. Levesque, Knowledge, action, and the frame problem, Artificial Intelligence 144 (1-2) (2003) pp.
	elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00043702/viewer.htt?viewtype=keywords&... (636 words)

	CableIQ Qualification Tester Fluke Networks, Inc. CIQ-100 at PC Connection
		It gives even the most novice tech the vision to see what speeds existing cabling can support, quickly isolate cabling from network problems, and discover what is at the far end of any cable.
		That means network techs can close trouble tickets faster, reduce on-call time, and save money by better utilizing their existing infrastructure.
		CableIQ's powerful troubleshooting capability and intuitive interface enable your frontline technicians to identify and troubleshoot a wider range of problems within your infrastructure.
	www.pcconnection.com /ProductDetail?sku=5656797 (330 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Planning -------- Describe the frame problem, the ramification problem, and the qualification problem, and discuss to what extent they are present or solved in situation calculus and STRIPS planners.
		from relaxed problem) - plan: partial-order (in general: least commitment) - a plan: actions, ordering constraints, causal links, open preconditions Can partial-order planning be used with preconditions or effects that include unbound variables?
		Ans: Yes, if we add a set of inequality constraints to plan definition Can planning be used to solve problems that involve actions of different durations?
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /~barreno/random/prelim/1-17-planning/marco (217 words)

	DSstar: Job Bank: Senior Systems Engineer - APAC
		On-site work in an engineering lab with qualification teams and repair depot for verification and documentation of all failure information and customer specific data will be required.
		You will also be the first contact for engineering groups within an OEM/Channel partner and the liaison between the OEM/Channel QLogic Engineering Team.
		Will manage all phases of product qualification, problem report tracking, possess good troubleshooting skills, issues duplication documentation, and be able to deliver technical sales presentations and customer demos.
	www.tgc.com /sponsors/qlogic/65016a.html (279 words)

	Test User Qualification Form
		Note: Some test users do not need to complete the User Qualification Form.
		Individual test-users and organizations who are ordering for the first time, please click on the link below to learn more about our User Qualifications and to fill out the form.
		No part of this web site may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without written permission from the publisher.
	www.agsnet.com /assessments/test_user_form.asp (143 words)

	Solving the Qualification problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The idea is to solve the qualification problem by making explicit the process of theory formulation and reformulation.
		Other approaches take a theory as given and discuss how irrelevant information can be discarded.
		In this approach a theory is formulated and reformulated in a way to contain only what those facts that are relevant to the problem at hand.
	dit.unitn.it /~context/solving (77 words)

	TopCoder Statistics - Round Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		2005 TCCC > Qualification Set 5 and 7
		2005 TCCC > Qualification Set 4 and 10
		2005 TCCC > Qualification Set 3 and 8
	www.topcoder.com /stat?c=round_overview&er=5&rd=7219 (278 words)

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