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Topic: Quantitative data

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	Qualitative Data Quantitative Analysis
		Scholars of social change have lots of longitudinal quantitative data available (the Gallup poll for the last 50 years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics surveys for the last couple of decades, baseball statistics for over a hundred years, to name a few well-studied data sets), but longitudinal text data are produced naturally all the time.
		In fact, in the phrases "qualitative data analysis" and "quantitative data analysis," it is impossible to tell if the adjectives "qualitative" and "quantitative" modify the simple noun "data" or the compound noun "data analysis." It turns out, of course, that both QDA phrases get used in both ways.
		The qualitative data (artifacts, speeches, ethnographies, TV ads) have to be turned first into a matrix, where the rows are units of analysis (artifacts, speeches, cultures, TV ads), the columns are variables, and the cells are values for each unit of analysis on each variable.
	www.analytictech.com /borgatti/qualqua.htm (1694 words)

	Mapping Quantitative Data
		Area or polygon data may be measured for a variety of natural areas such as woodlots or forest stands or for administrative areas such as provinces, counties, townships, or census tracts.
		For example, if most of the data values are concentrated at the low end of the distribution but some values are spread out over a wide range, we can adjust the class intervals by using narrow class intervals where we have high frequencies of observation and using wider class intervals where there are few observations.
		Proportional symbols could be used to represent interval or ratio scale data with the size of the symbol being proportional to the magnitude of the data value.
	www.fes.uwaterloo.ca /crs/geog165/quantmap.htm (3809 words)

	Quantitative Historical Data Online
		Quantitative history encompasses many things, from basic statistical skills to analyzing available data to collecting data.
		Comprehensive and summary data estimates concerning national, international, and regional economic activity, and "statistics that influence the decisions made by government officials, business people, households, and individuals." Includes an overview of the economy, providing data on production, purchases by type, price, personal income, government finances, inventories, and balance of payments.
		The data files and codebooks for each study are available for download, but these large files take considerable time to open and provide complex and highly technical information.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /mse/numbers/online.html (998 words)

	Quantitative Data Analysis
		This methodology transfer paper on quantitative data analysis deals with information expressed as numbers, as opposed to words, and is about statistical analysis in particular because most numerical analyses by GAO are of that form.
		If the data do not fit the assumptions of the methods they had planned to use, the evaluators have to regroup and decide what to do with the data they have.\2 A different form of data analysis may be advisable, but if some observations are untrustworthy or missing altogether, additional data collection may be necessary.
		Factors that determine an appropriate data analysis methodology include (1) the number of groups to be compared, (2) how cases for the groups were selected, (3) the measurement level of the variables, (4) the shape of the distributions, and (5) the type of comparison (measure of central tendency, measure of spread, and so on).
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /BJA/evaluation/guide/documents/documentff.html (17525 words)

	Usability test data
		The fail-safe way to distinguish between quantitative and qualitative data is to focus on the status of a single observation or datum, rather than on an entire set of observations or data.
		Objective data on the other hand are "external to the mind" and concern facts and the precise measurement of things or concepts that actually exist.
		Quantitative data are not better or worse, or more or less valuable, than qualitative data.
	www.userfocus.co.uk /articles/datathink.html (1428 words)

	Part II: Chapter 4: Analyzing Quantitative Data
		Data reduction often forces choices about which aspects of the assembled data should be emphasized, minimized, or set aside completely for the purposes of the project at hand.
		Data display goes a step beyond data reduction to provide "an organized, compressed assembly of information that permits conclusion drawing..." A display can be an extended piece of text or a diagram, chart, or matrix that provides a new way of arranging and thinking about the more textually embedded data.
		Unlike quantitative researchers, who need to explain away deviant or exceptional cases, qualitative analysts are also usually delighted when they encounter twists in their data that present fresh analytic insights or challenges.
	www.ehr.nsf.gov /EHR/REC/pubs/NSF97-153/CHAP_4.HTM (6657 words)

	Presenting Data - Home page
		The most serious charges were that the emphasis on hard quantitative science in the discipline's most prestigious journals and many of its graduate programs did not reflect the diversity or pluralism of the discipline and that the research often addressed only apolitical and trivial subject matters, those most amenable to the hard methodology.
		Just plain data analysis has a long tradition in political science and it was essential to what political scientists meant when they first use the term "science" to define what their discipline was all about.
		Although almost all of the data are based on public opinion surveys, the data presentations rarely require the use of measures of statistical significance and are presented as illustration of the general theory rather than statistical tests of hypotheses.
	lilt.ilstu.edu /gmklass/pos138/datadisplay (1361 words)

	Making sense of quantitative data
		Data are basically organised as in a spreadsheet - each row holds the information relating to one subject while each column holds the information on each variable.
		Coding data means a simple and consistent way of representing each observation and making them easier to be entered into the software for further analysis.
		If the variable is in nominal or ordinal scale, code the data with a single easily recognisable symbol to avoid mistakes during data entry-for example, B for British, F for French, I for Indians; rather than 1 for British, 2 for French, etc. Interval variables should be entered as a number.
	www.studentbmj.com /back_issues/0701/education/new.html (1954 words)

	Quantitative Data Collection and Analysis Methods (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest.
		Data analyses are conducted after the completion of the data collection phase and involve the use of descriptive and/or inferential statistics.
		In quantitative research, the decisions made at the front-end about design and methods are often crucial to the researcher’s ability to draw valid conclusions from the results (e.g., eliminate alternative explanations).
	www.achrn.org /quantitative_methods.htm (230 words)

	Review of Cramer, Duncan: Advanced Quantitative Data Analysis
		At the same time, with the now near universal use of computer-based statistical packages for quantitative data analysis, no little skill is needed to interpret the often copious and complex printouts that these packages generate.
		The data and variables are displayed in the text and the reader has to input it into the relevant statistical package.
		The data sets used are small, and for some tests the reader is directed to multiply the data in order to produce statistically significant results.
	www.socresonline.org.uk /9/3/reviews/brindle.html (1113 words)

	Quantitative, Transformational Learning Abilities Project, Samford University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Quantitative literacy is competence in the skills involved in the effective production, utilization and comprehension of quantitative information for the purposes of description, analysis, discovery, evaluation, reasoning, decision making, problem solving, and persuasion.
		This category of skills involves quantitative description of phenomena, creation of a testable hypothesis, collection of accurate, valid quantitative data to address the hypothesis, and the analysis and interpretation of the data into usable information to test the hypothesis.
		Be able to assess the strengths and weaknesses of quantitative evidence proffered in support of an assertion based on the source of the data, the methods used to collect and analyze the data, and the nature of the data itself.
	www.samford.edu /groups/tla/tla_quantitative.html (766 words)

	Lambe: An Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods in History
		The workshop aimed to enable students to evaluate quantitative evidence, analyse and display raw quantitative data, integrate quantitative and qualitative approaches mindful of their respective strengths and weaknesses, and to equip students with the skills necessary to mine the multiplicity of political, social and economic data that remains inaccessible without such skills.
		These were the minimum requirements of the workshop in order for students to be able to visually present quantitative data in summary statistical, tabular and graphical form and adequately evidence their response to an essay question on British voting behaviour in the 1945-2001 period.
		The centre's research methodology is naturally predominantly quantitative data analysis of aggregate voting data, however, the qualitative approach of the historian in the analysis of electoral behaviour has had an increasingly important role to play in some areas of its research.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /jahc/JAHCVI2/ARTICLES/lambe/lambe.HTML (3852 words)

	qualitative and quantitative data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Examples of quantitative data are scores on achievement tests,number of hours of study, or weight of a subject.
		Data thatrepresent nominal scales such as gender, socieo economic status, religiouspreference are usually considered to be qualitative data.
		Both types of data are validtypes of measurement, and both are used in education journals.
	facultyweb.cortland.edu /andersmd/STATS/qual.html (102 words)

	PAIR Project -- Documentation of Quantitative Data
		The guide to constructs summarizes the procedures used to collect the data, the nature of the data collected and the constructs measured.
		Since the daily data are not set up in the traditional form (with one line of data per individual or couple), it is important to know how to manipulate the daily data so that one can create variables that can be used in conjunction with the Integrated Data File.
		Instead of each conversation being a line of data (like each leisure activity is a line of data) each call has one line of data with as many conversations as that person had that day.
	www.utexas.edu /research/pair/ourresearch/documentn.html (2465 words)

	Guidance for quantitative data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The purpose of this guidance is to ensure consistency in presentation of data, comparability of data and identification of meaningful trends.
		Some higher education institutions have found it useful to use these tables to produce the data in their self-evaluation document; others have used their own system and have produced the completed tables during the review itself.
		Quantitative Data Tables for MR Report Feb 2005 - PDF version
	www.qaa.ac.uk /health/majorreview/guidanceforqq.asp (264 words)

	Types of Data
		The quantitative types argue that their data is 'hard', 'rigorous', 'credible', and 'scientific'.
		All quantitative data is based upon qualitative judgments; and all qualitative data can be described and manipulated numerically.
		The researcher who decides to use such a scale in their study has to make another set of judgments: how well does the scale measure the intended concept; how reliable or consistent is it; how appropriate is it for the research context and intended respondents; and on and on.
	www.socialresearchmethods.net /kb/datatype.htm (737 words)

	Quantitative/Qualitative Data ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Consider the case when we have data where the independent variable (X) can be considered as a quantitative variable and /or as a classification variable with 'levels'.
		We could consider Nitrogen to be a quantitative variable, to be fitted as a Regression covariate(s), or as a Classification factor with 5 'levels' or 'classes'.
		We have 4 d.f., whether we have Nitrogen as 5 classes, with 4 d.f., or Nitrogen as a continuous quantitative trait with linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic regressions.
	animsci.agrenv.mcgill.ca /servers/anbreed/statisticsII/crdreg1.htm (1124 words)

	Comparing qualitative and quantitative data
		However, when they plot the data and interpret the result, it is quantitative science.
		Remind them that they are not only recording quantities of vinegar and baking soda used (quantitative), but are also describing the reaction (qualitative).
		Encourage the students to realize which part of the experiment was quantitative and which part was qualitative.
	www.msnucleus.org /membership/html/k-6/as/scimath/4/assm4_5a.html (419 words)

	Module 7: Quantitative Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Whether it is test scores, or frequency counts, the data is presented in numerical form.
		In order to select the most appropriate analysis procedure, the researcher must be clear about what he or she wants to know.
		There are, of course, many other concepts and formulas used in quantitative data analysis.
	imet.csus.edu /imet_250/module7/stats.htm (133 words)

	Quantitative Data Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		At the February 4, 1997 meeting, the School of Arts and Sciences faculty approved a proposal to improve the quantitative skills of undergraduates in the College.
		The second part of the newly adopted policy establishes "a requirement that students complete at least one course which uses mathematical or statistical analysis of quantitative data as an important approach for understanding another area of knowledge".
		We are interested in courses which are suitable as currently taught, courses which faculty propose to modify, or new courses which a faculty member and his or her department propose to offer.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /faculty/committees/qsc (262 words)

	Qualitative and Quantitative Data
		In this lesson, students learn first-hand about the strengths and weakness of qualitative and quantitative data by gathering and analyzing data collected from a classroom poll.
		As an assessment piece, students can use what they’ve learned to teach their peers about qualitative and quantitative data, or stage a debate over the merits of qualitative versus quantitative data.
		Use a qualitative or quantitative data collection method, or combination of both, based on the type of information they collect.
	www.thirteen.org /edonline/lessons/data (230 words)

	Best Practices for Understanding Quantitative Data
		When dealing with quantitative data, business analysts must be skeptical, think critically, and assume nothing.
		Cleaning the data to correct such problems is almost always necessary, but this step is often ignored.
		For example, when examining data on carbon emissions of different countries, a newcomer to the field of greenhouse gas emissions analysis might expect that the amount of carbon emitted per person would not differ much among industrialized countries.
	www.b-eye-network.com /view/2386?jsessionid=44937e3f8662fa181066f4b200a43db1 (3266 words)

	Why Open Source Software / Free Software (OSS/FS, FOSS, or FLOSS)? Look at the Numbers!
		Some of Netcraft’s surveys have also included data on OSes; two 2001 surveys (their June 2001 and September 2001 surveys) found that GNU/Linux is the #2 OS for web servers when counting physical machines (and has been consistently gaining market share since February 1999).
		Data such as these (and the TCO data shown later) have inspired statements such as this one from IT-Director on November 12, 2001: “Linux on the desktop is still too early to call, but on the server it now looks to be unstoppable.”
		Chuck Upsdell has combined many data sources and estimates that, as of September 2004, IE has decreased from 94% to 84%, as users switch to other browser families (mainly Gecko); he also believes this downward trend is likely to continue.
	www.dwheeler.com /oss_fs_why.html (15201 words)

	Unit 18 Section 1 : Presentation of Quantitative Data
		Discrete quantitative data is data which can only take specific numerical values (e.g.
		Another way to represent these data is by drawing a vertical line diagram on squared paper.
		The vertical line diagram for this data is shown on the right.
	www.cimt.plymouth.ac.uk /projects/mepres/book7/bk7i18/bk7_18i1.htm (850 words)

	Quantitative Data Analysis Requirement
		Faculty wishing to have their courses considered for the College’s Quantitative Data Analysis (QDA) Requirement are invited to submit a proposal to the Quantitative Data Analysis Education Committee.
		New courses that are also to be considered for the Quantitative Data Analysis Requirement must first be reviewed by the Curriculum Committee using the "long form".
		Courses already approved by the Curriculum Committee may be proposed for the Quantitative Data Analysis Requirement by direct application to the Quantitative Data Analysis Education Committee.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /faculty/hdbk/qda.html (160 words)

	Qualitative and Quantitative Data
		The qualitative student should ask the quantitative student to respond to the statement, and record their response.
		Then, the quantitative student should ask the qualitative student to respond to the question using a scale of one to five.
		In their presentation, they should briefly discuss how they collected and analyzed their data, what they thought they did well in their poll, how they could have improved it, and what kinds of new questions their study raised.
	www.thirteen.org /edonline/lessons/data/b.html (1537 words)

	Binghamton Univ. Libraries: Social science data, for quantitative analysis
		The Data Services Office in the Bartle Library Reference Department is staffed by an ICPSR/Data Graduate Assistant Monday-Friday, 10 hours a week when classes are in session.
		Kinds of data include: national income and product accounts, consumer and producer price indexes, money supply, interest and exchange rates, manufacturing and trade statistics, population and labor statistics, business conditions indicators, energy statistics, and other categories.
		The resulting data are deposited along with voting, demographic, district and macro variables.
	library.lib.binghamton.edu /subjects/data (1178 words)

	The Association of Religion Data Archives
		The ARDA allows you to interactively explore the highest quality data on American and international religion using online features for generating national profiles, maps, church membership overviews, denominational heritage trees, tables, charts, and other summary reports.
		Over 350 data files are available for online preview and most can be downloaded for additional research.
		You can preview the results, read about how the data were collected, review the survey questions asked, save selected survey questions to your own file, or download the data file.
	www.thearda.com (262 words)

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