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	Quantization (signal processing)
		In digital signal processing, quantization is the process of approximating a continuous range of values (or a very large set of possible discrete values) by a relatively-small set of discrete symbols or integer values.
		A common use of quantization is in the conversion of a discrete signal (a sampled continuous signal) into a digital signal by quantizing.
		In many cases, quantization can be viewed as the fundamental element that distinguishes lossy data compression from lossless data compression, and the use of quantization is nearly always motivated by the need to reduce the amount of data needed to represent a signal.
	www.guideofpills.com /Quantization_%28signal_processing%29.html (1020 words)

	Quantization (signal processing) - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A common use of quantization is in the conversion of a discrete signal (a sampled continuous signal) into a digital signal by quantizing.
		The simplest and best-known form of quantization is referred to as scalar quantization, since it operates on scalar (as opposed to multi-dimensional vector) input data.
		In many cases, quantization can be viewed as the fundamental element that distinguishes lossy data compression from lossless data compression, and the use of quantization is nearly always motivated by the need to reduce the amount of data needed to represent a signal.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Quantisation_(signal_processing) (897 words)

	Signal Processing
		Two key properties that we rely on in signal processing are "linearity" and "spatial invariance".
		This applet demonstrates quantization by having students draw a "continuous" function and then quantize it, showing the quantities version as well as a graph of the error from the quantization process.
		Two box functions are displayed on a signal graph and their area of overlap (which, for the box function, corresponds to the value of the convolution at a particular point) is shaded.
	www.cs.brown.edu /exploratories/freeSoftware/catalogs/signal_processing.html (722 words)

	Quantization (signal processing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In digital signal processing, quantization is the process of approximating a continuous range of values (or a very large set of possible discrete values) by a relatively-small set of discrete symbols or integer values.
		A common use of quantization is in the conversion of a discrete signal (a sampled continuous signal) into a digital signal by quantizing.
		In many cases, quantization can be viewed as the fundamental element that distinguishes lossy data compression from lossless data compression, and the use of quantization is nearly always motivated by the need to reduce the amount of data needed to represent a signal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quantization_(signal_processing) (994 words)

	Signal processing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Signal processing is the processing, amplification and interpretation of signals and deals with the analysis and manipulation of signals.
		Signals can be either analog or digital, and may come from various sources.
		For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment or the modulation and demodulation of signals for telecommunications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Signal_processing (220 words)

	Digital Alias-free Signal Processing
		Is recognizing the significance of the sampling and quantization processes typically underestimated by the traditional DSP techniques
		Performs quantization either as a deterministic or pseudorandomized operation depending on the requirements of the given specific signal processing case
		Is using special signal processing algorithms matched to the specifics of the digitizing mode chosen for the particular signal processing case including algorithms suitable for processing non-equispaced signal sample value sequences
	www.edi.lv /dasp-web (509 words)

	DSP tutorial
		Signal processing is the action of changing one or more features (parameters) of a signal according to a predetermined requirement.
		This sort of signal processing is known as analog signal processing.
		The varying voltage from the microphone is processed using an analog signal processing system known as "amplifier", and reproduced through a speaker.
	www.logix4u.net /dsp_intro1.htm (1211 words)

	Signal Processing in Processing: Sampling and Quantization
		Any signal, in order to be processed by numerical computing devices, have to be reduced to a sequence of discrete samples, and each sample must be represented using a finite number of bits.
		Sampling is, for one-dimensional signals, the operation that transforms a continuous-time signal (such as, for instance, the air pressure fluctuation at the entrance of the ear canal) into a discrete-time signal, that is a sequence of numbers.
		To have a visual and intuitive exploration of the phenomenon of quantization, consider the applet that allows to vary between 1 and 8 the number of bits dedicated to the representation of each of the RGB channels representing color.
	cnx.org /content/m13045/latest (2205 words)

	Quantization (signal processing)
		Quantization of x using Q(x) = floor((Lx) / L).
		A discrete signal need not necessarily be quantized (a pedantic point, but true nonetheless and can be a point of confusion).
		If x is a real-valued number between -1 and 1, a uniform quantization operator that uses M bits of precision to represent each quantization index can be expressed as
	www.pillscatalog.net /Quantization_%28signal_processing%29.html (986 words)

	Motion Estimation Algorithm Performance
		However, there are certain principles of signal and video processing that permit us to make some qualitative assessments.
		This is because the MME algorithm, being based on martingale processes and dynamic programming principles, accumulates information about coherent motion from all the past history of the input video back to the last change of context.
		Owens, F.J., Signal Processing of Speech, McGraw-Hill, 1993, 6.6.2.
	www.martingale-research.com /ame_docs/me_white.htm (1837 words)

	Sitemap Processing 2
		Spectrum Signal Processing Host 2005 Quarter Conference Live Audio Webcast
		Digital Signal Processing With C And The Tms320
		Digital Signal Processing With Computer Applications By Lynn
	www.qualifiedtraffic.com /processing-2/sitemap.php (224 words)

	FNF: SIGNAL and SIGN SOURCE: Signal (information theory) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The signal is transmitted to the receiving telephone by wires; and at the receiver it is reconverted into sounds.
		Conversely, usage of signal in reference to a process that generates a transmitted sequence of states in a communications channel implies that this process is stochastic.
		In the mathematical abstraction, the domain of a continuous-time (CT) signal is the set of real numbers (or some interval thereof), whereas the domain of a discrete-time signal is the set of integers (or some interval).
	www.hi.is /~joner/eaps/signal.htm (1419 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Digital signal processing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Digital signal processing (DSP) is the study of signals in a digital representation and the processing methods of these signals.
		DSP and analog signal processing are subfields of signal processing.
		In the discretization stage, the space of signals is partioned into equivalence classes and discretization is carried out by replacing the signal with representative signal of the corresponding equivalence class.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Digital_signal_processing (1509 words)

	TechOnLine - The Relationship of Dynamic Range to Data Word Size in Digital Audio Processing
		Signal processing functions can be implemented for a fraction of the cost, and in a fraction of the space required by analog circuitry, as well as providing functionality that simply couldn't be done in analog.
		For example, convolution is a common signal processing operation involving the multiplication of two sets of discrete data, an input multiplied with a shifted version of the impulse response to a system, and keeping a running sum of the outputs.
		In "real-world" signal processing, quantization is the process by which a number is approximated by a number of finite precision.
	www.techonline.com /community/related_content/20771 (8747 words)

	Analog Devices: Analog Dialogue: Integrated Solutions for CCD Signal Processing
		Today, all of the signal processing steps required--from the output of the CCD through the digital output of the A/D converter--can be accomplished with a single integrated circuit.
		Noise in the AFE consists of wideband noise from all of the analog circuitry, wideband noise from the ADC, and quantization noise from the ADC.
		The distortion numbers are not of interest in imaging applications because CCD signals are not sinusoidal in nature, and the front-end of the ADC samples the CCD signal only during a relatively slow-moving portion of the waveform.
	www.analog.com /library/analogDialogue/archives/32-1/signal_pro.html (2184 words)

	Digital Signal Processing at Rice University
		Quantization: the wavelet coefficients are quantized to a finite alphabet.
		The wavelet coefficients of the signal are shown in the figure at the left hand side.
		The signal is transformed into the wavelet domain, and further quantized using the given step size.
	www-dsp.rice.edu /software/EDU/compression.shtml (329 words)

	Digital Signal Processing at Rice University
		Sensors, signal processing, and wireless communication technologies have matured to the point where large networks of sensor nodes can now be easily deployed in a wide variety of environments, making them very attractive for large-scale applications like environmental monitoring, security surveillance, and disaster relief.
		Signal processing theory concerns the structure of the signals (it does not describe what they represent nor how well they represent it) and frames how systems affect signal components (not how the system's actions affect what it conveys).
		Thus, sophisticated non-Gaussian signal processing techniques are needed to analyze data recorded from sensory neurons to determine what aspects of the stimulus are being emphasized and how emphatic that representation might be.
	www-dsp.rice.edu /projects (2746 words)

	Xecon Signal Processing Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Because of the availability of high speed computing devices (including digital signal processors) a great deal of the signal processing work today is being done digitally.
		Quantization noise is always present in sampled data systems, but can be mitigated and minimized through proper design analysis and hardware selection.
		By using the appropriate DSP technique one is able to mechanize processes that can produce remarkably noticable effects on the image such as: contrast improvement, edge crispening, noise cleaning, and color enhancement.
	www.discover-net.net /~xecon/signalpr.htm (479 words)

	TechOnline \| The Relationship of Dynamic Range to Data Word Size in Digital Audio Processing
		Signal processing functions can be implemented for a fraction of the cost, and in a fraction of the space required by analog circuitry, as well as providing functionality that simply couldn't be done in analog.
		For example, convolution is a common signal processing operation involving the multiplication of two sets of discrete data, an input multiplied with a shifted version of the impulse response to a system, and keeping a running sum of the outputs.
		However, even with 24-bit processing, it has been demonstrated that care would need to be taken to ensure the noise floor of the digital filter algorithm is not greater than the established noise floor of the 16-bit signal, especially for recursive IIR audio filters.
	www.audiodesignline.com /showArticle.jhtml?articleID=192200610 (8898 words)

	Digital-to-analog converter (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An analog signal from a microphone or other sound source can be converted to digital form for storage in a computer, where it can be edited if necessary and then reconstructed for playback.
		Video signals from a digital source, such as a computer, must be converted to analog form if they are to be displayed on an analog monitor.
		DACs are used in analogue signal processing circuits to replace potentiometers.
	www.freedownloadsoft.com /info/dac.html (1152 words)

	3.1 Digital Signal Processing
		Note, however, that for most of the theory of digital signal processing, as for the rest of this chapter, the samples are generally considered to be value-continuous.
		As a rough estimate, the ratio between the signal and the quantization noise increases by 6 dB per bit added (see section 2.1.2 for a definition of the unit dB).
		To avoid introducing artefacts into the frequency-domain, caused by discontinuities at the borders of the window, the signal is first multiplied by a window function w(n), which provides for a smooth fade-in and fade-out of the window.
	recherche.ircam.fr /equipes/analyse-synthese/schwarz/da/specenv/3_1Digital_Signal_Processin.html (1533 words)

	Digital Signal Processing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Proficiency with MatLab and the Signal Processing Toolbox.
		MatLab, Simulink, Signal Processing Toolbox, DSP Blockset, Wavelet Toolbox
		Quantization is shown visually in both the time and frequency domains, audible effects are heard
	www.ffldusoe.edu /Faculty/Denenberg/courses/EE356.htm (435 words)

	Signal Processing and Communications
		In signal processing, a variety of innovative techniques, such as vector quantization, time-frequency representations, optical computing, fuzzy logic and neural networks, are being applied to problems in speech, image, medical and manufacturing processing.
		These signal processing systems will be sensitive to salient changes in acoustic signatures and will integrate well with known physical models of machinery break-down.
		We are developing lossy compression algorithms based on the wavelet transformation and vector quantization and are studying the effects of such compression on the analysis of the compressed data.
	www.ee.washington.edu /research/riee/riee96/newch9.html (3468 words)

	Signal Processing Laboratory
		Although split spectrum processing is an effectivemethod for suppressing grain noise in ultrasonic nondestruc-tive testing, its application was mainly limited to the detectionof single targets or multiple targets having similar spectralcharacteristics.
		In this paper, the group delay moving entropytechnique is introduced primarily to enhance the performanceof split spectrum processing in detecting multiple targets whichexhibit different spectral characteristics (i.e., variations in target signal center frequency and bandwidth).
		Simulation results arepresented which demonstrate the feasibility of the multistep splitspectrum processing technique for detecting multiple targets insuch materials.I. In ultrasonic flaw detection, it is often difficult to distinguishthe flaw signal from the background grain noise.
	cbis.ece.drexel.edu /SPL/nov1995.html (4755 words)

	ATI's Digital Signal Processing System Design course
		This four-day course is intended for engineers and scientists concerned with the design and performance analysis of signal processing applications.
		Processing throughput requirements for implementing the FFT will be presented.
		Quantization effects of finite arithmetic for common digital signal processing algorithms including digital filters and FFTs will be presented.
	www.aticourses.com /digital_signal_processing_system_design.htm (728 words)

	Introduction to Signal Processing
		As a result, the book's emphasis is more on signal processing than discrete-time system theory, although the basic principles of the latter are adequately covered.
		In the block processing part, we discuss convolution and several ways of thinking about it, transient and steady-state behavior, and real-time processing on a block-by-block basis using the overlap-add method and its software implementation.
		These two areas were chosen because of their appeal to undergraduates and because they provide concrete illustrations of the use of delays, circular buffers, and filtering concepts in the context of audio signal processing.
	www.ece.rutgers.edu /~orfanidi/intro2sp (2053 words)

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