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	Quantum Link Information
		Quantum Link (or Q-Link) was a U.S. online service for Commodore 64 and 128 personal computers that operated from November 5, 1985 to November 1, 1994.
		It was operated by Quantum Computer Services of Vienna, Virginia, which in October 1991 changed its name to America Online, and continues to operate its AOL service for the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh today.
		Quantum Link's graphical display was better than many of these competing systems because it used specialized client software with a nonstandard protocol.
	www.bookrags.com /Quantum_Link (449 words)

	Quantum Cryptography with Entangled Photons: News
		Quantum Cryptography at the OEPG 2006- Conference in Graz (Sept 18 - 21).
		Quantum Cryptography at the e-day 2006, WKÖ, Vienna
		Quantum Cryptography at the Conference "eChallenges 2004" in Vienna
	www.quantenkryptographie.at (1376 words)

	Why Quantum Mechanics Is Not So Weird after All (Skeptical Inquirer July/August 2006)
		There are plenty of quantum phenomena, from the magnetism of iron and the superconductivity of lead to lasers and electronics, but none of them really qualifies as truly bizarre in the way we might expect.
		This is the most interesting "fault" of quantum mechanics, and it can be expressed in many ways: particles need to be in more than one place at a time; their positions are not defined until they are "observed"; they behave like waves.
		Before the move to quantum mechanics, we can do this as often as we like, so that we can fill in the gaps as closely as we like, but the precedent has been set: physics is about testing discrete locations rather than calculating continuous trajectories.
	www.csicop.org /si/2006-04/quantum-mechanics.html (2949 words)

	Relational Quantum Mechanics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The difficulty in the interpretation of quantum mechanics derives from the fact that the theory was first constructed for describing microscopic systems (atoms, electrons, photons) and the way these interact with macroscopic apparatuses built to measure their properties.
		Quantum events only happen in interactions between systems, and the fact that a quantum event has happened is only true with respect to the systems involved in the interaction.
		Relational interpretations of quantum mechanics propose a solution to the interpretational difficulties of quantum theory based on the idea of weakening the notions of the state of a system, event, and the idea that a system, at a certain time, may just have a certain property.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/qm-relational (5154 words)

	NIST Demonstrates Data ‘Repair Kit’ for Quantum Computers
		If the quantum state of the primary qubit is accidentally changed, the mistake can be detected and corrected by reversing the steps to decode the data, and then measuring the values of the two extra qubits.
		Unlike other demonstrations of quantum error correction, the NIST approach makes corrections based on actual measurements, allows qubits to be “reset” on the fly, and could be scaled up for use in quantum computers of practical size and utility.
		The NIST quantum error correction method is a way of using a set of three atomic qubits to detect and correct data-handling errors in one of the qubits.
	www.physlink.com /News/120604NISTQuantum.cfm (1742 words)

	Quantum Philosophy
		Reflecting on quantum mechanics some 60 years ago, the British physicist Sir Arthur Eddington complained that the theory made as much sense as Lewis Carroll's poem "Jabberwocky" in which "slithy toves did gyre and gimble in the wabe." Unfortunately, the jargon of quantum mechanics is rather less lively.
		An unobserved quantum entity is said to exist in a "coherent superposition" of all the possible "states" permitted by its "wave function." But as soon as an observer makes a measurement capable of distinguishing between these states the wave function "collapses", and the entity is forced into a single state.
		According to quantum mechanics, as long as both protons remained unobserved their properties remain indefinite, in a superposition of all possible states;that means each one travels in all possible directions.
	www.fortunecity.com /emachines/e11/86/qphil.html (6058 words)

	Quantum Consciousness
		The revolution in quantum physics has begun to influence the life sciences, and biologists and botanists are beginning to come up against quantum events as the basis of living systems, in the structure of complex molecules in the living tissues and membranes of cells for example.
		The quantum borrowing might also be behind our need for sleep and dream, allowing the physical brain to rid itself of the shadowy echos of these patterns pressed into it during waking consiousness.
		We are challenged by quantum theory to build new ways in which to picture reality, a physics, moreover, in which consciousness plays a central role, in which the observer is inextricably interwoven in the fabric of reality.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/quantum.html (3371 words)

	Quantum Link - Free net encyclopedia
		Image:Qlink-mainmenu.png Quantum Link (or Q-Link) was a U.S. online service for Commodore 64 and 128 personal computers that operated from November 5, 1985 to November 1, 1994.
		It was operated by Quantum Computer Services of Vienna, Virginia, which in October 1991 changed its name to America Online, and continues to operate its AOL service for the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh today.
		Quantum Link's graphical display was better than many of these competing systems because it used specialized client software with a nonstandard protocol.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Q-Link (467 words)

	An introduction to Quantum Computing
		The simulation of a quantum computer on a classical one is a computationally hard problem because the correlations among quantum bits are qualitatively different from correlations among classical bits, as first explained by John Bell.
		The answer is primarily those errors that arise as a direct result of decoherence, or the tendency of a quantum computer to decay from a given quantum state into an incoherent state as it interacts, or entangles, with the state of the environment.
		Quantum hardware, on the other hand, remains an emerging field, but the work done thus far suggests that it will only be a matter time before we have devices large enough to test Shor's and other quantum algorithms.
	www.cs.caltech.edu /~westside/quantum-intro.html (3038 words)

	'Quantum dots' could form basis of new computers
		They have linked two tiny structures – quantum dots – in such a way that is essential for the creation of semiconductor-based quantum computers, which could be faster and provide more memory than conventional technology.
		Quantum computers would take advantage of a strange phenomenon described by quantum theory: Objects, such as atoms or electrons, can be in two places at the same time, or they can exist in two states at the same time.
		That means computers based on quantum physics would have quantum bits, or "qubits," that exist in both the on and off states simultaneously, making it possible for them to process information much faster than conventional computers.
	news.uns.purdue.edu /html4ever/010917.Chang.quantum.html (1055 words)

	IBM Research \| Press Resources \| IBM's Test-Tube Quantum Computer Makes History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A quantum computer gets its power by taking advantage of certain quantum properties of atoms or nuclei that allow them to work together as quantum bits, or "qubits," which serve simultaneously as the computer's processor and memory.
		While the potential for quantum computing is huge and recent progress is encouraging, commercial quantum computers are still many years away.
		The first quantum computing applications would likely to be co-processors for specific functions, such as solving difficult mathematical problems, modeling quantum systems and performing unstructured searches.
	domino.research.ibm.com /comm/pr.nsf/pages/news.20011219_quantum.html (921 words)

	Meeting at the crossroads: The Quantum Link between Science and Theology
		Jacob neatly summarizes the new relationship between subject and object in science, the mutual influence flowing between the observer and the observed.
		New conceptions fostered by discoveries in quantum physics, thermodynamics, and cosmology are causing thinkers to redefine reality in terms that account for the central role that the consciousness of the observer plays in scientific research.
		In quantum physics, for example, complementarity, nonlocality, the uncertainty principle, the "measurement problem" (the unavoidable distortion of pure quantum states caused by the intrusion of the researcher’s measuring equipment), and others underscore the essential role played by the subjective consciousness of the researcher.
	www.science-spirit.org /article_detail.php?article_id=16 (692 words)

	Special Report on Quantum World - New Scientist
		Quantum objects can exist in multiple states and places at the same time, requiring a mastery of statistics to describe them.
		Quantum entanglement, a strange property that links particles however far apart they are, may be used to "teleport" information, new research reveals
		Attempts to reconcile the theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics, to develop a unified theory of everything, could be boosted by lasers
	www.newscientist.com /channel/fundamentals/quantum-world (1581 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Quantum Mechanics
		quantum mechanics or quantum theory, branch of mathematical physics that deals with the emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of material particles.
		According to the quantum theory, energy is emitted and absorbed in a small packet, called a quantum (pl. quanta), which in some situations behaves as particles of matter do; particles exhibit certain wavelike properties when in motion and are no longer viewed as localized in a given region but as spread out to some degree.
		Quantum mechanics, the final mathematical formulation of the quantum theory, was developed during the 1920s.
	fusionanomaly.net /quantummechanics.html (1928 words)

	Quantum computer solves problem, without running
		Speed and efficiency are gained because quantum bits can be placed in superpositions of one and zero, as opposed to classical bits, which are either one or zero.
		Sometimes called interaction-free measurement, quantum interrogation is a technique that makes use of wave-particle duality (in this case, of photons) to search a region of space without actually entering that region of space.
		While the researchers' optical quantum computer cannot be scaled up, using these kinds of interrogation techniques may make it possible to reduce errors in quantum computing, Kwiat said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-02/uoia-qcs022106.php (518 words)

	Quantum Information Science
		Quantum mechanics is usually taught at the undergraduate and graduate levels as part of the standard physics and chemistry curriculum, but the emphasis is more on applications than on developing a solid comprehension of the subject’s strange and seductive foundations.
		In quantum teleportation, Alice receives a qubit in an unknown state, and destroys it by performing a Bell measurement on that qubit and a member of an entangled pair of qubits that she shares with Bob.
		For example, new quantum error correction protocols have been developed that are adapted to the dominant decoherence mechanism in ion trap and cavity QED computers, including a protocol that protects against certain types of dissipative events to all orders in the error probability.
	www.nsf.gov /pubs/2000/nsf00101/nsf00101.htm (13848 words)

	Business Coaching Services \| Business Coach
		At Quantum Growth Coaching we define an entrepreneur as someone who owns a business – of any size – and is willing to do what it takes to see the business grow quickly and profitably.
		That means that your Quantum Certified Coach knows exactly how to transform your company into one that will help you achieve your business goals in record time.
		We've designed the Quantum Business Builder's Success School to help you get your business to the next level at a pace that's perfect for where you are, and at a price that's appropriate for your stage of the business life cycle.
	www.quantumgrowthcoaching.com /services.html (529 words)

	ESA - GSP - ESA takes steps toward quantum communications
		Quantum entanglement is one of the many non-intuitive features of quantum mechanics.
		A quantum communications system would be a valuable way to transmit banking information, or military communications, or even to distribute feature films without the fear of piracy.
		By implementing a decoy-state protocol in the experiments using a faint laser pulse source, the maximum link distance (yet secure against an eavesdropper’s action) was extended to values representative of a space to ground experiment.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/GSP/SEMXM7Q08ZE_0.html (729 words)

	Quantum Key Server - Cambridge Research Laboratory
		Based on quantum cryptography it provides a failsafe method of distributing verifiably secret digital keys, with significant cost and key management advantages.
		In particular, it allows key distribution over standard telecom fibre links exceeding 100km in length and bit rates sufficient to generate up to 100 256-bit keys per second.
		Quantum key distribution over 122km of standard telecom fibre by C Gobby, Z Yuan and A J Shields
	www.toshiba-europe.com /research/crl/QIG/quantumkeyserver.html (279 words)

	Physics 219 Course Information
		Certainly it would be useful to have had a previous course on quantum mechanics, though this may not be essential.
		Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, will be available in the fall of 2000.
		A quantum computer will be much more vulnerable than a conventional digital computer to the effects of noise and of imperfections in the machine.
	theory.caltech.edu /people/preskill/ph229 (1052 words)

	Quantum Soccer
		In the game of Quantum Soccer, the aim is to shape the wave function of a quantum-mechanical “ball” so that the probability of it being inside one of the goals rises above a set threshold.
		This is achieved by using the motion of the players to alter the energy spectrum of the wave function: when a player moves across the field, the energy that this action provides (or absorbs) enables transitions between certain modes of the wave function.
		Links are drawn in grey between pairs of states for which transitions are enabled by the current motion of the players; also, if you click-and-hold (or click-and-drag) on the velocity control, the links for the velocity you specify will appear temporarily in red on the spectrum panel.
	gregegan.customer.netspace.net.au /BORDER/Soccer/Soccer.html (694 words)

	Going for a blast into the real past
		Quantum theory describes the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic levels, a level of reality where most of the more familiar Newtonian laws of physics (why planets spin, airplanes fly and baseballs curve) no longer apply.
		Einstein ridiculed the idea as "spooky action at a distance." Quantum mechanics must be wrong, the father of relativity contended, because that behavior requires some kind of "signal" passing between the two particles at a speed faster than light.
		As evidence supporting quantum theory has grown, theorists have tried to reconcile the paradox of entanglement by basically explaining away the possibility of the two particles somehow communicating.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/292378_timeguy15.html (1597 words)

	Quantum cryptography network gets wireless link - info-tech - 07 June 2005 - New Scientist
		By contrast, quantum cryptography near guarantees communications security, using quirks of quantum physics to thwart eavesdropping attempts.
		The wireless connection was added to the DARPA Quantum Network, a quantum fibre-optic network buried beneath the ground in Massachusetts, US.
		Quantum cryptography guarantees security by encoding information as polarised photons which can be sent down a fibre optic cable or through the air.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7484 (366 words)

	Pearson Prentice Hall - Science News
		In this experiment, the researchers used a laser pulse to induce a cadmium ion to emit a photon whose polarization was entangled with the ion's spin, a magnetic quantum property.
		Such ion-to-ion links could serve as portals for teleportation and for data exchanges between future quantum computers.
		The researchers are now devising a new setup that can simultaneously stimulate each of two ions, located meters apart, to emit an entangled photon to be entangled with its counterpart.
	www.phschool.com /science/science_news/articles/quantum_link_ions.html (347 words)

	Teleportation
		In the past, the idea of teleportation was not taken very seriously by scientists, because it was thought to violate the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, which forbids any measuring or scanning process from extracting all the information in an atom or other object.
		But now it is known that, through the phenomenon of quantum teleportation, they can deliver exactly that part of the information in an object which is too delicate to be scanned out and delivered by conventional methods.
		The scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is used to select one of several treatments to be applied to object C, thereby putting C into an exact replica of the former state of A.
	www.research.ibm.com /quantuminfo/teleportation (1034 words)

	Researchers plan quantum satellite link - 13 Jun 2007 - IT Week
		Quantum entanglement is one of the many non-intuitive features of quantum mechanics.
		According to the researchers the quantum entanglement effect could be used to communicate with satellites as it remains intact over a distance of 144 kilometres.
		The researchers added that a quantum communications system would be a valuable way to transmit banking information, or military communications, or even to distribute feature films without the fear of piracy.
	www.itweek.co.uk /vnunet/news/2191998/researchers-plan-quantum-link (660 words)

	Teleporting Matter's Traits: Beaming information quantum-style: Science News Online, June 19, 2004
		That feat of quantum teleportation, reported independently by teams in Austria and the United States in the June 17 Nature, moves scientists nearer to building a class of so-called quantum computers that's expected to be astonishingly speedy at certain tasks, such as scouring databases for specific information.
		Starting in the early 1980s, physicists have realized that aspects of quantum mechanics—the physics of minuscule specks of matter and energy such as atoms and photons—could be exploited to greatly improve some types of computing and communications.
		By means of a choreographed sequence of laser pulses, the scientists in each group set the stage for teleportation by tweaking one of the three ions so that it would have a particular quantum state and by entangling the second and third ions.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20040619/fob1.asp (705 words)

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