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Topic: Quantum chromodynamics

	Quantum chromodynamics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of the strong interaction, a fundamental force describing the interactions of the quarks and gluons found in nucleons (such as the proton and neutron).
		The three kinds of charge in QCD (as opposed to one in Quantum electrodynamics or QED) are usually referred to as "color charge" by loose analogy to the three kinds of color (red, green and blue) perceived by humans.
		They carry global quantum numbers including the baryon number, which is 1/3 for each quark, hypercharge and one of the flavor quantum numbers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics (2007 words)

	AllRefer.com - quantum chromodynamics (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		quantum chromodynamics (QCD), quantum field theory that describes the properties of the strong interactions between quarks and between protons and neutrons in the framework of quantum theory.
		QCD is nearly identical in mathematical structure to quantum electrodynamics (QED) and to the unified theory of weak and electromagnetic interactions advanced by American physicist Steven Weinberg and Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam.
		See F. Yndurain, Quantum Chromodynamics: An Introduction to the Theory of Quarks and Gluons (1983); G. Altarelli, The Development of Perturbative QCD (1994); W. Greiner and A. Schafer, Quantum Chromodynamics (1994).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Q/quantumch.html (349 words)

	quantum chromodynamics on Encyclopedia.com
		(QCD), quantum field theory that describes the properties of the strong interactions between quarks and between protons and neutrons in the framework of quantum theory.
		Bibliography: See F. Yndurain, Quantum Chromodynamics: An Introduction to the Theory of Quarks and Gluons (1983); G. Altarelli, The Development of Perturbative QCD (1994); W. Greiner and A. Schafer, Quantum Chromodynamics (1994).
		Physics and Feynman's diagrams: in the hands of a postwar generation, a tool intended to lead quantum electrodynamics out of a decades-long morass helped transform physics.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/q1/quantumch.asp (463 words)

	quantum chromodynamics -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		QCD was constructed on analogy to quantum electrodynamics (QED), the quantum theory of the electromagnetic force.
		the procedure in quantum field theory by which divergent parts of a calculation, leading to nonsensical infinite results, are absorbed by redefinition into a few measurable quantities, so yielding finite answers.
		As discussed earlier, Planck and Einstein had explained experimental results using the concept that electromagnetic energy interacts with matter in the form of particles—whose energy is connected with the wavelength ascribed to that color of light.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9062162 (750 words)

	quantum chromodynamics -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The strong force is observed to behave in a similar way, acting only upon certain particles, principally quarks that are bound together in the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, as well as in less stable, more exotic forms of matter.
		So by analogy with QED, quantum chromodynamics has been built upon the concept that quarks interact via the strong force because they carry a form of “strong charge,”; which has been given the name of colour; other particles, such as the electron, which do not carry the colour charge, do not interact in this way.
		Like QED, quantum chromodynamics is a gauge-invariant theory, which means that its basic equations give the same results at different points in space and time.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9062162 (1260 words)

	Physics Today February 2004 - Article: Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics Comes of Age
		Quantum chromodynamics is the elegant but notoriously intractable theory of the strong interactions.
		Because α is small, quantum electrodynamics (QED), the theory of interacting electrons and photons, can be solved to very good approximation with the traditional technology of pencil and paper.
		By contrast, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the generally accepted theory of strongly interacting quarks and gluons, has proven to be remarkably resistant to that approach.
	www.physicstoday.org /vol-57/iss-2/p45.html (3223 words)

	Physics Today Online - Feature
		Quantum chromodynamics, familiarly called QCD, is the modern theory of the strong interaction.
		Quantum chromodynamics is a precise and beautiful theory.
		But first, for comparison, let me remind you that the essence of quantum electrodynamics (QED), which is a generation older than QCD, can be portrayed by the single picture at the top of the box, which represents the interaction vertex at which a photon responds to the presence or motion of electric charge.
	www.physicstoday.org /vol-53/iss-8/p22.html (4224 words)

	Quantum Chromodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The combination of a quark and its corresponding antiquark is colorless or white, as is the combination of three quarks (or antiquarks) of three different colors.
		Because of this, the theory of quarks and gluons is called quantum chromodynamics.
		However, in quantum chromodynamics there is an additional way in which charges can cancel.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node214.html (1192 words)

	What is QCD???
		It is also the area of particle physics in which David J. Gross (Kavli Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara), H. David Politzer (Caltech), and Frank Wilczek (MIT) received the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics.
		Chromodynamics is the theory of how quarks and gluons interact with themselves and each other.
		The word quantum stands for the fact that interactions (forces between particles) on this level can be represented as particles that occur only in chunks called quanta.
	webphysics.davidson.edu /mjb/qcd.html (635 words)

	4.3.1 Introduction
		Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the proposed theory of the so-called strong interactions that bind quarks and gluons together to form hadrons-the constituents of nuclear matter such as the proton and neutron.
		For the equivalent quantum field theories of weaker forces such as electromagnetism, approximations using perturbation expansions in the interaction strength give very accurate results.
		For example, numerical calculations have given estimates for the mass of the Higgs boson, which is currently the Holy Grail of experimental high energy physics, and one of the motivating factors for the construction of the, now cancelled, $10 billion Superconducting Supercollider.
	www.netlib.org /utk/lsi/pcwLSI/text/node34.html (474 words)

	Quantum Chromodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scientists in the particle theory group have been applying forefront computational methods to the study of quantum chromodynamics (QCD, the theory of interacting quarks and gluons) and to other particle models.
		Space-time is approximated by a lattice of points and the fundamental fields, defined over this lattice, are represented by an extremely large collection of numbers stored in the memory of a supercomputer.
		Calculating at the rate of billions of operations per second, the computer simulates the effects of quantum fluctuations of the fields.
	physics.bu.edu /quantum.html (223 words)

	Quantum Chromodynamics
		A pion propagator calculated from a quantum chromodynamics simulation run on a Thinking Machines Connection Machine.
		The magnitude of the propagator is averaged over z, and plotted as a function of x, y, and t (the long dimension).
		Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), a well-defined mathematical theory describing the interactions of nuclear matter such as quarks and gluons, produces some of the most computationally intensive problems known to the physics community.
	nhse.cs.rice.edu /CRPC/newsletters/apr93/wip.qcd.html (264 words)

	A Quantum Chromodynamics QCD Site - quantum physics - Ingeneza - primordial genetic information.
		A Quantum Chromodynamics QCD Site - quantum physics - Ingeneza - primordial genetic information.
		Quantum mind, quantum physics, and quantum - chaos, gravity, computation, optics,...
		INGENEZA is the primordial genetic information coded with configurations of quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
	www.ingeneza.com (73 words)

	Citebase - QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After briefly reviewing the empirical considerations which lead to the introduction of \it colour, the QCD Lagrangian is discussed.
		These lectures provide an overview of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the SU(3) gauge theory of the strong interactions.
		The running of the strong coupling and the associated property of Asymptotic Freedom are analyzed.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/9505231 (1286 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: quantum chromodynamics @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: quantum chromodynamics @ HighBeam Research
		QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS [quantum chromodynamics] (QCD), quantum field theory that describes the properties of the strong interactions between quarks and between protons and neutrons in the framework of quantum theory.
		Our archive contains millions of documents from thousands of sources and goes back over 23 years.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:quantumch&... (307 words)

	quantum chromodynamics
		Related content from HighBeam Research on: quantum chromodynamics
		QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS: Quark Quirk Triggers Nuclear Shrinkage (Science)
		The Quantum Quark.(Books: a selection of new and notable books of scientific interest)(Brief Article)(Book Review) (Science News)
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0840717.html (257 words)

	Quantum Chromodynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This course is an introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions.
		Calculations within the framework of perturbative QCD will be demonstrated and their results will be confronted with experimental data from the colliders HERA, S$\bar{p}p$S and Tevatron.
		Prerequisites: Quantum Mechanics, including relativistic QM, and a basic familiarity with elementary particle physics.
	thd.pnpi.spb.ru /~schlippe/lectures/qcd/qcd.htm (153 words)

	Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Abstract: : quantum corrections spoil the scale symmetry; the coupling is no longer scale-invariant, so one must introduce a scale in order to define it.
		44 The Quantum Theory of Fields (context) - Weinberg - 1996
		5 Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (context) - Peskin, Schroeder - 1995
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /168440.html (243 words)

	Citebase - Quantum ChromoDynamics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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		[2] M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, (Addison-Wesley, 1995).
		[3] S. Bethke, S 2002, talk presented at QCD 02 High-Energy Physics International Conference on Quantum Chromodynamics, Montpellier (France) July 2-9, 2002, hep-ph/0211012.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/0505192 (256 words)

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		The book is a self-contained introduction in perturbative and nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
		Following a modern approach to the theory, the book introduces quarks, the relativistic field theory, scattering theory, gauge theory and QCD...
	www.shop.com /op/aprod-p26301080 (138 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #5782915 - Applications of quantum chromodynamics
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Perturbative application of the theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCQ) are examined and compared with experimental data.^Particular emphasis is placed on understanding the similarities and differences between the QCD results and the expectations of the naive parton model.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5782915 (160 words)

	Quantum Chromodynamics and the Deep Structure of Elementary Particles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Quantum Chromodynamics and the Deep Structure of Elementary Particles
		A map showing the location of the teams
		Click here for a pictorial summary of our research
	www.cpt.dur.ac.uk /qcdnet (34 words)

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