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Topic: Quantum cosmology

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	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Plasma cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Plasma cosmology attempts to explain the large scale structure of the universe, from galaxy formation to the cosmic microwave background in terms of this ubiquitous phase of matter.
		While plasma cosmology never had the support of as large a number of astronomers and physicists, there was some renewed interest in the idea during the 1990s when survey measurements of the cosmic microwave background failed to show anisotropies in the flbody spectrum.
		Advocates of plasma cosmology claim that the observations that are typically seen as evidence for dark matter and dark energy in mainstream cosmology can be explained by plasma processes affecting the dynamics and the redshifts that are associated with these features.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Plasma_cosmology (2108 words)

	Sexual Paradox: Quantum Cosmology
		However quantum reality is a superposition of all the possible states in a single wave function, so if we can arrange a wave function to represent all the possibilities in such a computation, superposition might give us the answer by a form of parallel quantum computation.
		Quantum theory is formulated within space-time, but mass-energy, through gravitation in general relativity alters the structure of space-time by curving it.
		In this case a quantum fluctuation could give rise to a wormhole in the very space-time in which it is conceived raising all manner of paradoxes of connected universes and time loops into the bargain.
	www.dhushara.com /paradoxhtm/quant.htm (10338 words)

	Quantum Cosmology's Implication of Atheism
		Quantum cosmology makes an advance over standard hot big bang cosmology and inflationary cosmology in that it predicts that the initial conditions of the universe comprise a ground state (a state of minimum excitation) with small-scale fluctuations that leads to inflationary expansion and galaxy formation.
		Since quantum cosmology is confirmed by the observational evidence, this incompatibility should be troubling to anybody who believes theism is a rationally acceptable world-view.
		Thus if quantum cosmology and theism are both true, it follows both that c(h/e and k) =.95 and that it is not the case that c(h/e and k) =.95.
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/quentin_smith/quantum.html (3570 words)

	Wave Function of the Universe(s)
		The word quantum applies to the infinitesimally small world of quarks and neutrinos, while cosmology signifies the almost limitless expanse of outer space.
		The goal facing quantum cosmologists is to verify this conjecture mathematically, to show that the wave function of the universe is large for our present universe and vanishingly small for other universes.
		Hawking's quantum cosmology also assumes that the wave function of the universe allows these universes to collide.
	www.geocities.com /capecanaveral/hangar/6929/h_kaku2.html (903 words)

	METACOSMOLOGY by Zbigniew Jacyna-Onyszkiewicz
		Cosmology understood as the global theory of the universe may be considered as a field of physics as it essentially is the physics of the universe.
		However, the important fact is that the quantum cosmology allows a construction of a scientific explanation of the origin of the universe in compliance with observations and laws of physics as well as its global structure.
		Quantum cosmology explains the emergence of the universe as a spontaneous creation from ‘nothing’, however, this notion in the quantum cosmology is not the equivalent of the common meaning.
	www.staff.amu.edu.pl /~zbigonys/metacosmology.htm (16100 words)

	UCSB Physics: Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
		In particular, quantum fluctuations in the geometry of space and time are likely at a sufficiently early epoch and therefore theories of the initial condition must be framed within a quantum theory of gravity.
		Quantum cosmology hopes to find explanations of present features of the universe on a variety of scales.
		On the largest scales it attempts to explain the approximate homogeneity and isotropy of the matter and radiation distributions, the approximate flatness of the spatialgeometry universe, and the origin of the density fluctuations that were the seeds of galaxies.
	www.physics.ucsb.edu /Research/activities/rqc.php3 (564 words)

	Anatomy of the Star Goddess: Quantum Cosmology, Virtual States, Energy Science, and Scalar Fields
		Just as quantum mechanics says there is a certain probability that particles can appear from nowhere in a vacuum, quantum cosmology says there may be a certain probability that a small chunk of space and time will suddenly pop into existence.
		The inescapable task of the quantum cosmologist is to propose laws of initial or boundary conditions for the universe.
		But gravity waves are hard to detect, so quantum cosmology can't be verified conclusively to determine whether the no-boundary or tunneling proposals are the correct ones for the wave function of the universe.
	zero-point.tripod.com /stargoddess/anatomy.html (17541 words)

	Ned Wright's Cosmology Tutorial
		Cosmology is the study of the origin, current state, and future of our Universe.
		In addition to the cosmology tutorial, there is also a relativity tutorial and extensive discussions on the age, density and size of the Universe.
		The Gruber Prize in Cosmology was awarded to the COBE team at the IAU meeting in Prague today.
	www.astro.ucla.edu /~wright/cosmolog.htm (1825 words)

	Loop Quantum Cosmology
		Quantum gravity is expected to be necessary in order to understand situations where classical general relativity breaks down.
		In particular in cosmology one has to deal with initial singularities, i.e., the fact that the backward evolution of a classical space-time inevitably comes to an end after a finite amount of proper time.
		One particular realization is loop quantum cosmology, an application of loop quantum gravity to homogeneous systems, which removes classical singularities.
	relativity.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrr-2005-11/title.html (251 words)

	Quantum Cosmology: Observational Problems
		However, quantum theory states that quantum systems possess dynamic properties such as position, momentum, and spin orientation only when these properties are measured by some device or observer.
		However, this is the implication that quantum cosmology attempts to avoid.
		The second problem with quantum cosmology is that quantum mechanics states that quantum events occur according to finite probabilities within finite time intervals.
	www.godandscience.org /slideshow/sld015.html (326 words)

	Quantum Cosmology
		In quantum physics, specifying the initial state of a system allows one to calculate the probability that it will be found in any other state at a later time.
		The second contender for a theory of initial conditions is quantum cosmology, the application of quantum theory to the entire universe.
		During inflation, these quantum mechanical vacuum fluctuations are amplified and due to the accelerating expansion of the universe they are stretched to macroscopic length scales.
	www.geocities.com /thinkertank/LatestNews.htm (1990 words)

	Open Questions: Quantum Cosmology
		Quantum cosomology is the quantum theory of the universe.
		Notes from 1995 lectures by D. Wiltshire on quantum cosmology, given to an audience with interests ranging from astronomy to particle physics.
		Quantum cosmology attempts to improve on this by considering the wave function of the whole universe.
	www.openquestions.com /oq-co010.htm (609 words)

	astronomy, cosmology, and quantum physics
		Current and plausible theory of quantum cosmology instructs that neither 'matter,' nor seemingly the forces to compress matter, existed before the 'bang' of creation.
		This precept is said to have ended philosophical determinism in science and established, at the quantum level, the existence of the unknowable to science.
		An interesting result of quantum theory is the extent to which it calls into question the certainty of observation as being adequate to describe reality.
	members.cox.net /wesjanssen1/cosmos.html (4558 words)

	The Reality Club: The Problem of Time in Quantum Cosmology
		The question is interesting for quantum gravity because, as Carlo Rovelli (now professor at the University of Pittsburgh) and I discovered a few years ago, the quantum states of the gravitational field-or equivalently of the geometry of space-are described by networks of a certain kind.
		However, this presupposes that the quantum mechanics of the universe as a whole has the same basic structure as the quantum mechanics of the subsystems of the universe, in particular a Hilbert space of quantum states.
		My timeless proposal for quantum gravity only relies on a configuration space (which is like the space of possible vector potentials modulo gauge transformations in QED), not necessarily a quantum state space of the kind Lee and his collaborators are seeking (which is somewhat analogous to the Fock space of quantum field theory).
	www.edge.org /discourse/kauffman_smolin.html (15544 words)

	quantum•pork - cosmology
		cos•mol•o•gy the science of the origin and development of the universe.
		Dennis James created and taught a series of 6 physic programs named Science-A-Plooza that challenged and motivated the class of 22 (3rd, 4th and 5th grade elementary school) students.
		For those who do not have the time to sit down and read, there are many cosmology & physics books available on "books on iPod/mp3 player." Download the book you want and either burn it to cd's (usually multiple) or listen to it on your iPod.
	homepage.mac.com /quantumpork/pages/cosmology.html (194 words)

	Supersymmetric Homogeneous Quantum Cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Canonical N=1, D=4 quantum supergravity is studied in a mode-amplitude basis, where its supersymmetry generators are found to be represented by deformed exterior derivatives on configuration space.
		In the first part of this text, covariant supersymmetric quantum mechanics of a point, propagating on a pseudo-Riemannian manifold of arbitrary dimension, is studied in an operator-based framework with emphasis on differential geometric methods and the theory of Dirac operators.
		It is shown that the quantum supersymmetry generators, when transformed from the usual functional to a mode amplitude basis, are represented by defomed exterior (co-)derivatives on configuration space.
	www-stud.uni-essen.de /~sb0264/sqm.html (474 words)

	Thermodynamic Asymmetry in Time
		Quantum cosmology, it is often said, is the theory of the universe's initial conditions.
		Since quantum cosmology is currently very speculative, it has been argued that it is premature to start worrying about what it says about time's arrow (Callender 1998).
		For interpretations that add something to quantum mechanics, this typically means that the resulting theory is time reversal invariant too (since it would be odd or even inconsistent to have one part of the theory invariant and the other part not).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/time-thermo (11026 words)

	Open Directory - Science: Physics: Cosmology
		Cosmology II: From Planck Time to BBN - Progress in early Universe cosmology, including strings, extra dimensions, inflation, phase transitions, and baryogenesis, is reviewed.
		A Quantum Leap for Cosmology - A theory that unites quantum mechanics and general relativity claims that there was no first moment in time, but it still agrees with the predictions of classical cosmology.
		A Review of Inflationary Cosmology - The aim of this lecture is to highlight two areas of recent progress in inflationary cosmology, namely reheating and the quantum theory of cosmological perturbations.
	dmoz.org /Science/Physics/Cosmology (1391 words)

	James Hartle's Home Page
		On the largest scales it attempts to explain the approximate homogeneity and isotropy of the matter and radiation distributions, the approximate flatness of the spatial geometry universe, and the origin of the density fluctuations that were the seeds of galaxies.
		Finally, there is an ongoing effort to improve our understanding of fundamental issues in quantum gravity and to explore the generalizations of quantum mechanics needed to accomodate quantum spacetime geometry.
		"Quantum Mechanics in the Light of Quantum Cosmology" (with Murray Gell-Mann), essentially identical versions of this paper appeared in Complexity, Entropy, and the Physics of Information, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity VIII, ed.
	www.physics.ucsb.edu /~hartle (528 words)

	28 Science
		Quantum Mechanics explains Bohr’s theory on the limited number of orbits in an atom.
		In quantum theory this is analogous to position and velocity.
		Quanta is the plural of quantum, an indivisible unit of energy.
	www.cc.utah.edu /~rfs4/jkm28.htm (4582 words)

	Quantum Overview/2
		Quantum fields likewise can have differing dimension depending on their spin.
		The heaviest of these was predicted by Stephen Weinberg in a theory which unites electromagnetism and the weak force in a single super-force in which three of the particles have gained a large rest mass by a process called symmetry-breaking, but are otherwise sister particles of the photon.
		This is basically extending quantum electrodynamics to the weak force.
	www.dhushara.com /book/quantcos/quant1/quantsb.htm (3102 words)

	Quantum Cosmology With Decreasing Gravity
		This mass must be considered to be the smallest quantum of mass in the universe – the elementary mass.
		The universe was 'born' as one quantum mass: The Cosmic Embryoton.
		As a result of this strong magnetic field (and maybe the quantum mechanical tunnel effect) clusters of neutrons and single neutrons are 'blown' out from the surface of the neutron ball.
	louis.rostra.dk /quant_01.htm (6811 words)

	Help about quantum cosmology
		This is an introduction to the quantum cosmology derived from the canonical quantization of general relativity (therefore somehow a bit out of date, I think).
		This represents a move of quantum gravity people away from focusing on things like big bang and inflation and towards a new focus, on gravitational collapse and possibly fl hole evaporation.
		When applied to cosmology, a consistent picture of the early universe arises which is free of the classical pathologies and has implications for the generation of structure which are potentially observable in the near future."
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?threadid=87065 (1216 words)

	Supersymmetric Quantum Cosmology - Cambridge University Press
		This timely volume provides the first comprehensive and coherent introduction to modern quantum cosmology - the study of the universe as a whole according to the laws of quantum mechanics.
		In particular, it presents a useful survey of the many profound consequences of supersymmetry (supergravity) in quantum cosmology.
		After a general introduction to quantum cosmology, the reader is led through Hamiltonian supergravity and canonical quantization and quantum amplitudes through to models of supersymmetric mini superspace and quantum wormholes.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?ISBN=0521675626 (202 words)

	Time Travel [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		One advantage of some interpretations of relativistic quantum theory is that the logical requirement for a consistent history in a time travel story is seemingly avoided by postulating alternative histories (or worlds) instead of one history of the universe.
		When two quantum systems enter into temporary physical interaction, mutually influencing one another through known forces, and then separate, the two systems cannot be described again in the same way as when they were first brought together.
		Quantum mechanics in the light of quantum cosmology.
	www.iep.utm.edu /t/timetrav.htm (7856 words)

	Stanford University -- Dept. of Physics -- Andrei Linde
		I am one of the authors of the inflationary cosmology and of the theory of the cosmological phase transitions.
		Current research also involves the theory of dark energy, investigation of the global structure and the fate of the universe, cosmological constraints on the properties of elementary particles, and quantum cosmology.
		Classically, the value of this field should decrease, but quantum perturbations lead to formation of exponentially large domains containing the scalar field which is much bigger than its initial value.
	www.stanford.edu /~alinde (2118 words)

	Quantum Cosmology (E16) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The quantum state of the gravitational field can be described by a wave functional
		The fourth, known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, is a second-order equation describing the quantum dynamics of the theory.
		Prior familiarity with the material on the Hamiltonian formulation of GR in the 24-lecture Michaelmas-Term course 'Cosmology' would be useful.
	www.maths.cam.ac.uk /CASM/courses/descriptions/node84.html (306 words)

	ResearchChannel - Cosmology: From Quantum Fluctuations to the Accelerating Universe
		ResearchChannel - Cosmology: From Quantum Fluctuations to the Accelerating Universe
		Cosmology: From Quantum Fluctuations to the Accelerating Universe
		If these ideas are correct, then our big bang was a burst of expansion called inflation, galaxies are held together by the gravity of elementary particles left over from the big bang, and the expansion of the Universe is speeding up because of an odd form of energy that pervades the Universe.
	www.researchchannel.org /program/displayevent.asp?rid=548 (223 words)

	Oscillatory Universes in Loop Quantum Cosmology
		LQG is at present the main background independent and non— perturbative candidate for a quantum theory of gravity (see for example[4, 5]).
		In cosmologies sourced by a massless scalar field, these effects lead to a universe that undergoes ever-repeating cycles of expansion and contraction.
		The presence of a self-interaction potential for the field breaks the symmetry of the cycles and can enable the oscillations to establish the initial conditions for successful slow-roll inflation, even when the field is initially at the minimum of its potential.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=30258 (710 words)

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