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Topic: Quantum levels

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	Quantum Chaos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The quantum analogue of the humble pendulum is the laser; the flying cannonballs of the atomic world consist of beams of protons or electrons, and the rotating wheel is the spinning electron (the basis of magnetic tapes).
		Quantum chaos is concerned with establishing the relation between boxes P and Q. The spectrum of a chaotic quantum system was first suggested by Eugene P.
		The quantum barriers are formed by the outer layers of the sandwich, which gives the electrons a couple of straight edges to bounce back and forth between, The other edges of the table are created by the restraining effect of the magnetic field, which curves the electron motion in a complicated way.
	www.maths.ex.ac.uk /~mwatkins/zeta/quantumchaos.html (7124 words)

	Biocosmology1
		Complementing this picture at the quantum field theory level is a description on the cosmic scale in which a central theme is inflation.
		Although fragile, on the cosmic scale of energies, the complexity of life is the supreme culmination in complexity of the interactive quantum process initiated in the quantum symmetry-breaking.
		Quantum interaction of fermions reaches its full interactive complexity only in the molecular assemblies of biochemistry and finally, in tissues, organs and organisms, the brain being the most complex global expression of chemical non-linearities so far known, forming "the three-pound universe" (Hooper ad Teresi).
	www.dhushara.com /book/bchtm/biocos.htm (2811 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Quantum nucleonics is the study for electromagnetic transitions in nuclei that is most analogous to quantum electronics for atoms.
		At this level of approximation the helium triplet metastable can be understood to be the result of promoting one of the electrons from the 1s to the 2s state and then "flipping" its spin so that the two are parallel.
		In this case quantum mechanics is relentless and the two possibilities "interfere," so that the state which actually occurs in nature is a superposition of about equal parts of the proton metastable and the neutron metastable arrangement, with J = K = 8 and the energy of a pairing interaction.
	www.utdallas.edu /research/quantum/Tutorial.htm (4515 words)

	Quantum level - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quantum levels are fixed levels with a logarithmic, descending quantum pattern in the visible spectrum of light that can be observed through a spectrometer while looking at intense flows of electricity through the various halides on the periodic table in a vacuum tube.
		They also have some use in chemistry when dealing with the movement of electrons to different orbital levels around the atom and the energy levels involved in such actions.
		This page was last modified 00:53, 18 July 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quantum_levels (98 words)

	The Quantum Vortex by David Ash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Secondly, the difference between the levels of energy in the Universe is a factor of speed and not frequency.
		By levels of quantum reality I mean planes of reality in the Universe based on different states of energy, much like the quantum states in the atom.
		I suggest that the difference between the levels of quantum reality in the Universe is difference in intrinsic speed of energy rather than frequency of vibration.
	www.quantum-vortex.com /cosmic_vortex/cosmic_vortex_2.htm (1484 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Quantum mechanics, for example, is a spectacularly successful theory but many aspects of it have yet to be realised and verified experimentally.
		Each electronic energy level has its own surface and transitions between these can be induced by lasers when the energy difference between two surfaces (for a given internuclear separation) is exactly equal to the energy of one laser photon.
		Before the level crossing (indicated by the broken line) all the wave packet is in level 2 (the lower sheet), but we can see a wave packet emerging in level 3 just after the level crossing.
	eve.physics.ox.ac.uk /Personal/suominen/wpadv.html (3856 words)

	tintin
		Since energy is emitted or given off, the transition is from a higher energy quantum level to a lower energy quantum level.
		For H atoms or H-like ions (Li etc.) the energy of a quantum level only depends on n, this is not true for multi-electron atoms.
		Since energy is being absorbed or taken in, the transition is from a lower energy quantum level to a higher energy quantum level.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/simon/chm101/tintin.htm (259 words)

	Generalized Theory of Morphogenesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Quantum complementarity arises as a set of these different projections that cannot exist simultaneously, where contradictory states generate the appearance of uncertainties in the coordinate/impulse or energy/time observables.
		In natural quantum computers, which are living systems, the error-correction is internal, it is a result of reflection, given as an estimation of the "state of affairs", i.e., as a sort of an internal process allotting optimal limits of iteration.
		The quantum superpositions in the genome may be reversible, and during the reduction corresponding to the internal measurement they enter into an irreversible process, that corresponds to ‘making decision’ within the reflective loop at the molecular level.
	www.mdpi.org /ec/papers/fis2002/110/FIS2002-Igamberdiev-paper.htm (5230 words)

	Electronic Structure
		The Quantum Theory page refers to the Principal Quantum Number, n, arising from a solution of the Schrödinger equation, and the quantised nature of electrons in atoms.
		Something to note is that the number of sub-levels within a Principal Quantum Level is the same as the Principal Quantum Number, n.
		Evidence of sub-divisions with Principal Quantum Levels is suggested by the small 'unexpected' decrease in first I.E. in going from, for example, Be to B, and also from N to O. This plot also illustrates periodicity amongst the elements.
	www.avogadro.co.uk /light/e-config.htm (1103 words)

	Quantum structures
		Here j is the quantum number labeling the levels, and d is the thickness of the quantum well (the thickness of the layer shown in Fig.1a in the y direction).
		Let us now consider a one-dimensional quantum wire where electron motion in two directions (y and z) is quantized and in one direction (x) electrons are free to move (see Fig.1b).
		are quantum numbers related to quantization in the y and z directions, dy and dz are dimensions of the quantum wire in the y and z directions, and where we assume that the dispersion relation for the electron energy in each subband is parabolic.
	www.mtmi.vu.lt /pfk/funkc_dariniai/nanostructures/quant_structures.htm (1295 words)

	Origin of Redshift
		It has been demonstrated that all the quantum levels are a function of the electron mass in the atom.
		Therefore the quantum levels are shifted in atoms located (on the sun) inside a deep gravitational potential with respect to the atoms located on Earth.
		The redshift is due to the fact that the atoms located in a deep gravitational potential have their quantum levels displaced due to the change of electron mass in a deep gravitational potential.
	www.newtonphysics.on.ca /faq/origin-redshift-15.html (832 words)

	The Frontiers of Science and Self-organization
		The superstring theory is explaining the known physics (quantum and relativistic), it is a theory of unification of fundamental forces known by the structural physics.
		Bohm thought in 1957 that under the quantum domain there is a sub-quantum domain, which is still mechanical but with laws of movement qualitatively different from the quantum laws (BOHM 1957), with different variables (hidden variables for the quantum level).
		Qualia is phenomenological, but produced by the machinery of the brain that has many levels of activity, y compris, the molecular and the quantum levels, and its explanation will be possible in the frame of a structural-phenomenological physics and science, in general.
	www.racai.ro /~dragam/Frontiers.html (6511 words)

	Hydrogen energies and spectrum
		The basic hydrogen energy level structure is in agreement with the Bohr model.
		The energy levels agree with the earlier Bohr model, and agree with experiment within a small fraction of an electron volt.
		The 2p level is split into a pair of lines by the spin-orbit effect.
	230nsc1.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/hyde.html (396 words)

	Quantum optics with gamma radiation
		In short, the rule for observing interference in quantum transitions is that the observed transition can pass via two indistinguishable quantum paths,which have a common initial and a common final state, and that the radiation fields in the preparation step are phase locked.
		While in quantum optics the phase locking of the laser fields became a routine, in case of gamma radiation,where single photon processes are to be considered, this problem needs special care.To be coherent the first step of excitation must go to closely spaced nuclear levels.
		The minimum energy difference between the levels occurs at the crossing field and is dependent on the strength of the symmetry breaking term, which is determined by the misalignment angle between the applied interactions.
	www.europhysicsnews.com /full/23/article5/article5.html (3997 words)

	Todd's Quantum Intro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Simply put, quantum mechanics is the study of matter and radiation at an atomic level.
		If electrons were not restricted to discrete energy levels, the spectrum from an excited atom would be a continuous spread of colors from red to violet with no individual lines.
		Quantum mechanics, however, says that there is a small probability that the ball could go right through the wall (without damaging the wall) and continue its flight on the other side!
	www.hi.is /~hj/QuantumMechanics/quantum.html (2242 words)

	Quantum Chaos
		Quantum mechanics, as it has been practiced for about 90 years, belongs in the third compartment, caned Q. After the pioneering work of Planck, Einstein and Niels Bohr.
		The correspondence principle claims, quite reasonably, that classical mechanics must be contained in quantum mechanics in the limit where objects become much larger than the size of atoms- The main connection between R and P is the Kolmogorov- Arnold-.Moser (KAM) theorem.
		This behaviour of quantum systems is often attreibuted to a special property of the quantlani equations: their linearity.
	www.dhushara.com /book/quantcos/qchao/quantc.htm (7426 words)

	Daniel C. Ralph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Cooperative behavior among many quantum defects in a metal can produce bizarre and fascinating electronic states that are just beginning to be understood.
		We are studying the physics of quantum defects by measuring their properties in metal devices small enough to provide the sensitivity to probe individual impurities.
		We will be measuring both the effects of defects on the discrete energy levels in isolated metal particles, and also the energy-dependence of electron scattering from defects in nm-scale metal wires.
	people.ccmr.cornell.edu /~ralph/people/ralph (535 words)

	index.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Level 1 is fixed quantized resonant dipoles of a precise frequency, in standing waves, held in precise confinement by a universal natural system of checks and balances.
		Assuming at Level 1, each dipole's length-time are covariantly sinusoidal and there is a natural system of checks and balances, it follows all dipoles of all standing waves in the universal matrix have a precise fixed frequency of resonance and no coupling action existing amongst all dipoles in Level 1.
		Level 4 are all insides of dipole virtual fl holes seen as a virtual bipolar fl hole singularity, I refer to as subspace, and results in the 2nd part of a bifurcation of our reality.
	home.sofast.net /~fitzgerald (12423 words)

	MOLSCAT, Version 14, User's manual, Section 3
		The parameters input in &BASIS specify the collision type, the quantum numbers and energies of the levels to be used in the basis set, and the dynamical approximations (if any) to be used in constructing the coupled equations.
		ELEVEL is an array of NLEVEL molecular level energies, corresponding to the levels in the JLEVEL array.
		Each level is described on IASYMU by J,ITAU,ELVL (2I5,F15.10) where J is the rotational quantum number, ITAU is an index that is not actually used, and ELVL is the rotor energy (in 1/cm unless &BASIS EUNITS has specified otherwise).
	theochem.uwaterloo.ca /molscat/Section3.html (3471 words)

	Wave nature of electron
		One of the implications of these quantized energy states is that only certain photon energies are allowed when electrons jump down from higher levels to lower levels, producing the hydrogen spectrum.
		The Bohr model successfully predicted the energies for the hydrogen atom, but had significant failures that were corrected by solving the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom.
		While the Bohr model was a major step toward understanding the quantum theory of the atom, it is not in fact a correct description of the nature of electron orbits.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/bohr.html (369 words)

	Energy levels and quantum states of [Leu]enkephalin conformations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Energy levels and quantum states of [Leu]enkephalin conformations based on theoretical and experimental investigations
		This paper describes a theoretical and experimental study of [Leu]enkephalin conformations with respect to the quantum states of the atomic structure of the peptide.
		Results from vibrational absorption measurements and quantum calculations are used to outline a quantum picture and to assign vibrational modes to the different conformations.
	stacks.iop.org /0953-8984/15/S1853 (240 words)

	1999 ABSTRACTS Section M to O (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Quantum physics steers our explanation of the subatomic level away from a reduction to elementary particles, to the relationships and interactions which structure and sustain them in a unified system.
		A novel proposition on the (hidden) "asymmetric blocks" is suggested, along with the new methodology of "configurational analysis" which is elaborated and used to understanding mechanisms of narcissistic transformations of chiral molecules.
		In partial support of the above, the design and conduct of a workshop used as a test bed for direct observation of the behavior of its participants and for the study of the origin(s) and evolution of cultures in organizational settings is described.
	www.isss.org /99abstMO.htm (6928 words)

	On the Quantum Levels of Isolated Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Systems - Kastrup (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: The known canonical quantum theory of a spherically symmetric pure (Schwarzschild) gravitational system describes isolated fl holes by plane waves exp(\GammaiM c 2 =h) with respect to their continuous masses M and the proper time of observers at spatial infinity.
		On the other hand Bekenstein and Mukhanov postulated discrete mass levels for such fl holes in the spirit of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantisation in atomic physics.
		Kastrup, "On the quantum levels of isolated spherically symmetric gravitational systems," Report PITHA 96/16, gr-qc/9605038.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /kastrup96quantum.html (333 words)

	Tech Report: HPL-BRIMS-2001-06: Quantum Energy Levels and
		Abstract: It is shown that both universal and non-universal correlations must exist between classical periodic orbits in order that Gutzwiller's semiclassical trace formula is consistent with a real, discrete quantum energy spectrum.
		The universal correlations are consistent with those conjectured by Argaman et al.
		Likewise, both universal and non-universal correlations must exist between quantum energy levels in order that the trace formula be consistent with the fact that periodic orbit actions are real and discrete.
	www.hpl.hp.com /techreports/2001/HPL-BRIMS-2001-06.html (137 words)

	Lasers (Science Tracer Bullet - Science Reference Services, Libraryof Congress)
		The pumping or excitation process delivers energy to excite the atoms of the laser medium out of their lowest quantum energy level into higher quantum energy levels.
		When an atom of the laser medium is excited, it temporarily occupies a higher energy level, and then subsequently falls to a lower energy state.
		In the process, the optical cavity or resonator forces the excited atoms to radiate in phase, and concentrates the light to stimulate the emission of laser radiation.
	www.lcweb.loc.gov /rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/laserstb.html (1291 words)

	Quantum Deep (Chris -H-'s Homepage) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Quantum Deep is the name I have given to the Deathmatch levels I have created for Doom II and Quake.
		Quantum Deep II is a much more murky and professional Deathmatch only Doom II level.
		I spent a lot longer on the lighting and ambience than on the previous Quantum Deep level, and it makes Deathmatch a lot more tense.
	website.lineone.net /~cmhowarth/quandeep (313 words)

	links: universe gravity celestial galaxy atom matter space time
		This is about the problems facing physicists who are trying to combine the theories of general relativity and quantum mechanics into one theory of quantum gravity.
		The quantum theory assigns the electrons to discrete orbits around the nucleus.
		Examines how scientists are pushing the envelope in their research of the quantum behavior of tiny circuits and machines.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Atlantis/4124/linkuniverse.html (2932 words)

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