Quantum register - Factbites

Quantum register - Factbites
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Topic: Quantum register

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	Quantum parallelism: Period of a sequence:
		The computation is now complete and we retrieve the output from the quantum computer by measuring the state of all spins in the first register (the first k bits).
		Consider a discrete ``quantum'' Fourier transform on the first register
		The point is, however, that the sequence is calculated in parallel and is exponentially long---even for a small value of say k=140 bits in the first register the quantum computer has calculated and stored more results than there are particles in the universe.
	www-users.cs.york.ac.uk /~schmuel/comp/node9.html

	Shor's Algorithm for Quantum Factorization
		on the register, as the probability spectrum of the transformed state is invariant to the offset (i.e.
		The most difficult part in implementing Shor's algorithm is the construction of an efficient quantum function for modular exponentiation.
		is a quantum function for modular subtraction and thus implements the inverse function
	tph.tuwien.ac.at /~oemer/doc/quprog/node18.html

	register domains in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		A quantum register is the quantum computing analogue of a classical processor register.
		Register may mean Register linguistics, a form of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting Register music, the relative height or range of a note, set of pitches or pitch..
		A link register, in many CPU architecture s such as the IBM POWER PowerPC and the PA RISC family PA RISC, is a special purpose processor register register which holds the address to return to when a function..
	www.tutorgig.com /es/register+domains (797 words)

	NIST: Physics Laboratory's - Quantum Information
		The figure shows memory qubits in a quantum register and an accumulator where the qubits in the quantum register can be moved together to undergo quantum operations.
		Quantum Computers May Be Easier to Build Than Predicted, NIST Work Suggests.
		The starting point for quantum information at NIST was in 1995 when the Ion Storage Group demonstrated the first quantum-logic gate.
	qubit.nist.gov (990 words)

	register domains in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		A quantum register is the quantum computing analogue of a classical processor register.
		Register may mean Register linguistics, a form of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting Register music, the relative height or range of a note, set of pitches or pitch..
		A link register, in many CPU architecture s such as the IBM POWER PowerPC and the PA RISC family PA RISC, is a special purpose processor register register which holds the address to return to when a function..
	www.tutorgig.com /es/register+domains (797 words)

	Quantum Algorithms
		If several qubits are combined in a quantum register by the laws of quantum mechanics, the state space of such a processor allows the handling of exponentially many data by superposition of entangled states.
		Physical realizations of quantum computers are envisaged as hybrid systems consisting of a classical computer and a quantum register controlled by classical electromagnetic fields, see e.g.
		Quantum algorithms - a new topic in both informatics and physics has become a central theme of one of the most challenging areas of interdisciplinary research of modern science.
	iaks-www.ira.uka.de /home/grassl/Dagstuhl/report_html (669 words)

	NIST: Physics Laboratory's - Quantum Information
		The figure shows memory qubits in a quantum register and an accumulator where the qubits in the quantum register can be moved together to undergo quantum operations.
		The starting point for quantum information at NIST was in 1995 when the Ion Storage Group demonstrated the first quantum-logic gate.
		This effort entitled A Scalable Quantum Information Network is led by Carl Williams and includes representatives of the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, the Information Technology Laboratory, and the Physics Laboratory.
	qubit.nist.gov (669 words)

	libquantum - Simulation of a quantum computer
		Based on the principles of quantum mechanics, it provides an implementation of a quantum register.
		Measurements can be performed on either single qubits or the whole quantum register.
		libquantum is a C library for the simulation of a quantum computer.
	www.enyo.de /libquantum (116 words)

	[quant-ph/9703032] Programmable quantum gate arrays
		We show how to construct quantum gate arrays that can be programmed to perform different unitary operations on a data register, depending on the input to some program register.
		It is shown that a universal quantum gate array - a gate array which can be programmed to perform any unitary operation - exists only if one allows the gate array to operate in a probabilistic fashion.
		The universal quantum gate array we construct requires an exponentially smaller number of gates than a classical universal gate array.
	arxiv.org /abs/quant-ph/9703032 (116 words)

	QUANTUM COMPUTATION REFERENCES: pqga/pqga
		ABSTRACT: We show how to construct quantum gate arrays that can be programmed to perform different unitary operations on a {\em data register}, depending on the input to some {\em program register}.
		This is an online database of technical papers relating to quantum computation, maintained by I.
		Ike and Raymond's Collection of Quantum Computation Papers
	divine.stanford.edu /qc/pqga (116 words)

	RedNova News - Next Step to the Quantum Computer
		In their next step the physicists will now attempt to set up a quantum gate, in which two or more qubits of the register interact with each other in a controlled way.
		Dominik Schrader has built the register together with Dr. Arno Rauschenbeutel in Professor Dieter Meschede's team.
		In addition to the classic information states of zero and one, qubits can also take up an arbitrary number of intermediate states, what are known as quantum mechanical superposition states.
	www.rednova.com /news/stories/2/2004/10/08/story003.html (116 words)

	NIST: Physics Laboratory's - Quantum Information
		The figure shows memory qubits in a quantum register and an accumulator where the qubits in the quantum register can be moved together to undergo quantum operations.
		The starting point for quantum information at NIST was in 1995 when the Ion Storage Group demonstrated the first quantum-logic gate.
		This effort entitled A Scalable Quantum Information Network is led by Carl Williams and includes representatives of the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory, the Information Technology Laboratory, and the Physics Laboratory.
	qubit.nist.gov (116 words)

	Next Step To The Quantum Computer
		By combining the register and gate there would then be all the basic components available for developing a quantum computer with neutral atoms.
		In their next step the physicists will now attempt to set up a quantum gate, in which two or more qubits of the register interact with each other in a controlled way.
		Their next aim is to construct a quantum gate in which two or more atoms interact with each other in a controlled way.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/chip-tech-04zh.html (116 words)

	Quantum Circuits
		Quantum circuits may also contain other non-unitary operations such as measurements, which may be performed towards the end of a computation or in the middle of a computation on a part of the register.
		The notion of a quantum circuit assumes that this natural evolution is halted and replaced with a steered evolution in the form of the sequence of quantum operations.
		The definition of a quantum circuit as a finite sequence of quantum operations is quite general and encompasses all circuits we are going to study in this course.
	beige.ucs.indiana.edu /B679/node28.html (954 words)

	An introduction to Quantum Computing
		Quantum hardware, on the other hand, remains an emerging field, but the work done thus far suggests that it will only be a matter time before we have devices large enough to test Shor's and other quantum algorithms.
		Quantum computation has its origins in highly specialized fields of theoretical physics, but its future undoubtedly lies in the profound effect it will have on the lives of all mankind.
		Quantum mechanics tells us that directly measuring the state of a qubit invariably destroys the superposition of states in which it exists, forcing it to become either a 0 or 1.
	www.cs.caltech.edu /~westside/quantum-intro.html (954 words)

	Quantum engineering moves on (January 1999) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		In the language of quantum computing the quantum bit is stored in (long-lived) internal atomic states, while the string of ions represents a quantum register.
		Both types of single quantum system comprise a single spin-½ atom with two possible states - spin up or spin down - that is strongly coupled to a harmonic oscillator (the time-dependent trapping potential for the trapped ions, or the photon field in cavity-based experiments).
		In the early days, the dynamics and behaviour of lasers and other quantum optical systems were dominated by dissipative effects and uncontrollable fluctuations of important parameters, such as the number of atoms in the system.
	physicsweb.org /article/world/12/1/3/1 (954 words)

	The Initialization Problem in Quantum Computing
		Quantum errors, on the other hand, perturb the information bits, in a nonlocal sense, to a superposition of many states so the concept of controlling all errors by using a higher dimensional codeword space cannot be directly applied.
		According to the positivist understanding of quantum mechanics, it is essential to speak from the point of view of the observer and not ask about any intrinsic information in a quantum state[6].
		The paper also presents general observations on the nonlocal nature of quantum errors and the expected performance of the recently proposed quantum error-correction codes that are based on the assumption that the errors are either bit-flip or phase-flip or both.
	www.ece.lsu.edu /kak/pubs/inf4 (3811 words)

	CQC Intros: Quantum Computing
		The quantum theory of computation must in any case be an integral part of the world view of anyone who seeks a fundamental understanding of the quantum theory and the processing of information.
		A quantum logic gate, like a classical gate, is a very simple computing device that performs one elementary quantum operation, usually on two qubits, in a given period of time[4].
		During such evolution each number in the superposition is affected and as the result we generate a massive parallel computation albeit in one piece of quantum hardware.
	www.qubit.org /oldsite/intros/comp/comp.html (2952 words)

	Boffins unveil world's most powerful quantum computer The Register
		Quantum computing works by using an atom's quantum spin state - essentially the direction it's rotating in - as a way of storing binary data: spin up equals 1, spin down equals 0.
		Quantum theory, however, states that unobserved particles can spin in both directions simultaneously - it's called 'superposition'- a single direction only emerges when someone one measures it.
		Bizarre, we know, but that's what the statistical calculations behind the theory say, and since it's what makes the quantum computer work, who are we to argue?
	www.theregister.co.uk /2000/08/15/boffins_unveil_worlds_most_powerful (572 words)

	CQC Intros: Quantum Computing
		The quantum theory of computation must in any case be an integral part of the world view of anyone who seeks a fundamental understanding of the quantum theory and the processing of information.
		A quantum logic gate, like a classical gate, is a very simple computing device that performs one elementary quantum operation, usually on two qubits, in a given period of time[4].
		However, the unusual power of quantum computation was not really anticipated untill the 1985 when David Deutsch of the University of Oxford published a crucial theoretical paper[2] in which he described a universal quantum computer.
	www.qubit.org /library/intros/comp/comp.html (2952 words)

	CQC Intros: Quantum Computing
		A quantum logic gate, like a classical gate, is a very simple computing device that performs one elementary quantum operation, usually on two qubits, in a given period of time[4].
		The quantum theory of computation must in any case be an integral part of the world view of anyone who seeks a fundamental understanding of the quantum theory and the processing of information.
		On the atomic scale matter obeys the rules of quantum mechanics, which are quite different from the classical rules that determine the properties of conventional logic gates.
	www.qubit.org /library/intros/comp/comp.html (2952 words)

	Quantum Leap MetaFilter
		In quantum computing, 2 8-qubit registers is not the equivalent to 1 16-cubit register, which is much harder to produce.
		Quantum computers are enormously error prone and even though a lot of work has been done in the area of quantum error correction, there is still a minimal amount of operation relability in order to create a system with any realiability.
		quantum computers can implement quantum algorithms, which so far have been proven to solve several interesting problems more efficiently than any known classical algorithm, and in some cases (most notably factoring, and therefore the cracking of RSA encryption keys) exponentially more so.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/47668 (891 words)

	NIST Ion Storage Group
		However, there is a drawback to this sort of computation: according to quantum mechanics, whenever we read the state of a quantum register, we effectively collapse the superposition to one particular value and immediately destroy the parallelism.
		A quantum logic gate is a fundamental building block of a quantum computer, just as conventional logic gates (AND, OR, Exclusive-OR, etc.) are the building blocks for traditional digital logic.
		In a quantum computer, data can be stored in qubits, each of which is a two-level quantum mechanical system, with basis states 0> and 1> (for example).
	tf.nist.gov /ion/qucomp/quan_log.htm (992 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Atomic register offers route to quantum computing
		Sean Barrett, a researcher at Hewlett Packard's Laboratory in Bristol, UK, says the key problem with developing any quantum logic gate is preventing it from interacting with the outside world, which can destroy its quantum state.
		This could offer a more reliable way to build a working quantum computer than other techniques, suggest researchers.
		This is especially tricky because it requires the atoms to share quantum information, although the researchers believe it should be possible to achieve this by exciting one of the atoms so that it exchanges a photon with the other.
	www.newscientist.com /news/news.jsp?id=ns99996510 (992 words)

	Japanese boffins advance quantum computing The Register
		The quantum computer, when it is finally brought to fruition, will likely far surpass the capabilities of even the most modern of today's supercomputers, as it utilizes a "qubit," a quantum superposition of the "0" and "1" states, as the basic information unit.
		In 1999, NEC succeeded in controlling the quantum state of one qubit made of small superconductors.
		However, to date no one has succeeded in realizing the above-mentioned two-qubit conditional gate.
	www.theregister.co.uk /2003/10/31/japanese_boffins_advance_quantum_computing (992 words)

	A Quantum Theory of Internet Value The Register
		There must be, quite simply, a quantum amount of Internet utility.
		It's completely fatuous of course, but in the absence of any serious critical analysis from the techno-boosterists, we feel compelled to present it nonetheless.
		What was great then, in 1994, must surely be equally good now, and equally useful now, in 2004.
	www.theregister.co.uk /content/6/34586.html (992 words)

	Responsible Nanotechnology: Quantum Computing Comes Closer
		A quantum computer with a massive memory of qubit registers would be an oracle that could provide any answer, if only we can figure out how to ask the right question.
		Quantum computing is based on registers of qubits.
		The correct answer appears in the register as if by a very complicated quantum mechanical process that, unless you are very up on your differential equations, is indistinguishable from magic.
	crnano.typepad.com /crnblog/2005/08/universal_quant.html (1407 words)

	Feasibility of quantum computers
		Quantum computation may be carried out in the near future on raw qubits and on increasingly large registers.
		In order for a quantum register to be the basis for fault-tolerant computation, it would have to have at least on the order of 13 physical qubits per one logical qubit.
		Quantum computers will not be useful until there are a wide range of useful algorithms designed for them, so research must be done in designing algorithms for quantum computers.
	cerebro.xu.edu /~kinne/quantum/feasible.html (570 words)

	Quantum computing method using magnetic flux states at a josephson junction - US Patent 6563311
		One embodiment of the invention is a quantum computing structure such as a quantum coherer or a quantum register that includes a bank of a superconducting material and an island of a superconducting material, wherein at least one of the island and the bank is a d-wave superconductor.
		Quantum computing generally involves initializing the states of N qubits (quantum bits), creating controlled entanglements among the N qubits, allowing the quantum states of the qubits to evolve under the influence of the entanglements, and reading the qubits after they have evolved.
		After the structure is at the appropriate temperature, the method establishes a supercurrent at the junction in a quantum state that is an admixture of a first state having a first magnetic moment and a second state having a second magnetic moment.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6563311.html (12011 words)

	Digital magnetic flux measuring apparatus using superconducting quantum interference device with flux trapping prevention features - Patent 5287058
		The magnetic flux detected through this operation largely stems from the trapped flux.PHI..sub.t and, hence, the value counted by the up-down counter 4 is received as the trapped flux.PHI..sub.t by the register 16.
		The positive external magnetic flux (.PHI..sub.e.sup.+) that is applied to the pickup coil 51b under this condition, is transferred to the SQUID ring 51a via the flux transformer 51c, whereby the Ic-axis undergoes parallel translation toward the right side from the relationship of FIG.
		As a matter of fact, however, since the magnetic flux trapped by the SQUID ring is compensated, the counter generates the corresponding offset quantity and thereby the counting range or the dynamic range of the counter is narrowed.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5287058.html (5709 words)

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