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Topic: Quaternary period

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	The Quaternary Period
		The Quaternary Period is most noted for its intervals of glacial and interglacial ages as well as the emergence of man. The Quaternary Period (aka the Great Ice Age) is subdivided into the Pleistocene Epoch (1.8mya-10,000 years ago) and the Holocene Epoch (10,000ya-present).
		During the Quaternary period, glacier ice was spread over more than 1/4 of the land surface of the planet.
		The Quaternary Period allowed for rapid evolutionary advances as a result of adaptive radiation stimulated by the extreme climatic and environmental changes.
	www.denison.edu /biology/bio380-2001/quaternaryperiod.html (935 words)

	Quaternary Period - ninemsn Encarta
		Quaternary Period, former division of the geological timescale, spanning the last 1.8 million years of the Earth's history, up to the present day.
		The Quaternary is no longer regarded as a formal division of the geological timescale, though the term remains in common informal use.
		Temperature fluctuations during the Quaternary appear to show a regular periodicity, which may be caused by cyclical irregularities in the orbit of the Earth around the Sun.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567289/Quaternary_Period.html (753 words)

	AllRefer.com - Quaternary period (Geology And Oceanography) - Encyclopedia
		Quaternary period[kwutUr´nurE] Pronunciation Key, younger of the two geologic periods of the Cenozoic era of geologic time (see Geologic Timescale, table) from 2 millon years ago to the present.
		Comprising all geologic time from the end of the Tertiary period to the present, it is divided into the Pleistocene and Holocene, or Recent, epochs.
		During the early Quaternary, Europe and North America were covered by the glaciers of the Pleistocene epoch.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Q/Quaterna.html (291 words)

	Wikinfo \| Quaternary
		The Quaternary Period is the geologic time period from the end of the Pliocene Epoch roughly 1.8-1.6 million years ago to the present.
		The term Quaternary (fourth) was proposed by Jules Desnoyers in 1929 to address sediments of France's Seine Basin that seemed clearly to be younger than Tertiary Period rocks.
		The climate was one of periodic glaciations with continental glaciers moving as far from the poles as 40 degrees latitude.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Quaternary (315 words)

	What is the Quaternary
		The Quaternary is a subdivision of geological time (the Quaternary Period) which covers the last two million years up to the present day.
		At the latitude of northwestern Europe the warmer periods are known as temperate stages (or interglacials -periods between glaciations) and the colder periods as cold stages (or glacials).
		Quaternary climate change has produced a geological record dominated by sediments deposited under glacial, periglacial and temperate environmental conditions and this is, by its very nature, a fragmentary one.
	www.qra.org.uk /what.html (912 words)

	The Quaternary Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This course is an overview of the most recent period of geologic time, roughly the last 2 million years.
		The Quaternary provides the long-term context for understanding current and future environmental change, and it also forms the background for human history and prehistory.
		The Quaternary has been distinguished by repeated oscillations between cold periods in which glaciers expanded across the globe, and somewhat warmer interglacials.
	www.geography.wisc.edu /classes/geog527 (135 words)

	The Quaternary Period of the Cenozoic Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Retreat of the glaciers led to isostatic rebound of the crust in the Holocene.
		Near the ocean forests were primarily consisted of white pines with a mixture of spruce which reflected a cooler climate at the beginning of the period.
		The life of the Quaternary is marked by the rise and dominance of humans.
	www.science501.com /PTQuaternary.html (253 words)

	Quaternary Geology
		The Quaternary Period; Quaternary Paleogeography; Fossil Periglacial Phenomena
		The Quaternary period is subdivided into the Pleistocene (“Ice Age”) and the Holocene (present warm interval) epochs, with the Pleistocene spanning most of the Quaternary and the Holocene covering the past 10 000 years.
		The Quaternary period is characterized by a series of large-scale environmental changes that have profoundly affected and shaped both landscapes and life on Earth.
	www.hi.is /~oi/quaternary_geology.htm (5409 words)

	ISGS - Glacial Geology
		Glacial geology is important in Illinois' most recent geologic past, the Quaternary Period (also called the Ice Age), during which continental glaciers repeatedly plowed across the state eroding and redistributing material and creating new landforms.
		Today, Illinois is experiencing an interglacial episode, a relatively quiescent and warm interval of the Quaternary Period that allows the soil to form and crops to grow.
		Quaternary geology encompasses both the cold and warm intervals and the glacial and nonglacial processes of the past 2 million years.
	www.isgs.uiuc.edu /isgshome/glacial.htm (83 words)

	What is the Quaternary
		The Quaternary is a subdivision of geological time (the Quaternary Period) which covers the last two million years up to the present day.
		At the latitude of northwestern Europe the warmer periods are known as temperate stages (or interglacials -periods between glaciations) and the colder periods as cold stages (or glacials).
		Quaternary climate change has produced a geological record dominated by sediments deposited under glacial, periglacial and temperate environmental conditions and this is, by its very nature, a fragmentary one.
	qra.org.uk /what.html (912 words)

	Quaternary Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We are in the Quaternary Period, which started 1.8 mya.
		The Quaternary Period saw major changes in Earth's climate, beginning with a major glaciation that did not end until some 10,000 years ago.
		In fact, the Quaternary Period is split into two epochs: the Pleistocene and the Holocene.
	www.edzone.net /~sbeery/Redesign/quaternary.htm (198 words)

	Quaternary Studies - Natural Resources Map & Bookstore
		Studying this period provides geologic models applicable to the present (defining times and locations of recent faulting that may recur, determining what forces have shaped current geography, etc.) and the past (interpretations of pre-Quaternary events are often based on what we see happening now).
		As a result, the Quaternary record is incomplete and the history must be pieced together from detailed study of the isolated outcrops that remain.
		Quaternary deposits of all types are addressed to some extent, with emphasis on alluvial and eolian deposits along the northern tributaries to the San Juan River and mass movement/glacial deposits in the La Sal Mountains.
	geology.utah.gov /bookstore/ugs/quaterny.htm (4404 words)

	Quaternary Research Center
		Quaternary studies focus on the processes that presently shape the natural environment and have operated over approximately the past two and a half million years (Quaternary period).
		Quaternary research is typically interdisciplinary, and thus it commonly involves related interests of two or more academic units.
		The Quaternary Research Center was established in 1967 to foster such interdisciplinary studies on a cooperative basis.
	www.washington.edu /students/gencat/academic/quaternary.html (669 words)

	USGS Paleontology - Glossary of Terms
		An epoch of the Quaternary period, spanning the time from the end of the Pleistocene (8,000 years ago) to the present.
		An epoch of the Quaternary period, spanning the time between 1.8 million years ago and the beginning of the Holocene at 8,000 years ago.
		The first period of the Cenozoic era (after the Mesozoic era and before the Quaternary period), spanning the time between 65 and 1.8 million years ago.
	geology.er.usgs.gov /paleo/glossary.shtml (2395 words)

	Quaternary Period in Hampshire - Hampshire Museums Service
		This stage is represented by superficial deposits of sand, mud/clay and particularly terraced gravels, which were the by-product of water erosion and changes in sea level during the various interglacial episodes at this time.
		Quaternary deposits have been recorded throughout the county, along the coast and on the seabed, both as continuous features and in isolated pockets.
		The Quaternary clays deposited during this period are present offshore and are occasionally seen on the Solent coast.
	www.hants.gov.uk /museum/geology/periods/quaternary.html (214 words)

	ISGS - Why Study Glacial Geology
		The landscape of Illinois is the product of its most recent past, the Quaternary Period, roughly the last 2 to 2.5 million years.
		During the Quaternary Period, over 90% of Illinois was glaciated, and the remaining 10% of the state was affected by glacier meltwater, dust storms, and a climate more frigid than that of today.
		Because the Quaternary materials on which we reside are at the same time both a vital and vulnerable part of the well-being of Illinois residents, mapping their distribution and characterizing their properties so that we can wisely use and protect them is an important part of the Survey’s mission.
	www.isgs.uiuc.edu /quaternary/why_study_glacial_geology.html (284 words)

	The Quaternary Period
		During this period the surface of the Island was acted on by numerous forces, in particular periods of Glacial Erosion.
		During the Quaternary glacial activity, the northern Arran granitic mountains were thought to be a centre of ice sheet accumulation in their own right from that of the Scottish Highlands (Sissons, 1976).
		At later periods in the glacial activity and the ice sheets were at lower heights, corries were developed on the northern sides of some of the peaks, i.e.
	www.arranmuseum.co.uk /the_quaternary_period.htm (408 words)

	Quaternary period - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		QUATERNARY PERIOD [Quaternary period], younger of the two geologic periods of the Cenozoic era of geologic time (see Geologic Timescale, table) from 2 millon years ago to the present.
		Past human activity and geomorphological change in a guano-rich tropical cave mouth: initial interpretations of the late quaternary succession in the Great Cave of Niah, Sarawak.
		The late Quaternary of the western Amazon; climate, vegetation and humans.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Quaterna.html (353 words)

	Quaternary Period (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Quaternary time period has lasted from 1.8 million years ago until the present, a time span of 1.8 million years.
		The term Quaternary (fourth) was first used in 1829 to describe deposits in the Seine Basin in France, which were above the third or Tertiary rocks.
		These Quaternary rocks are defined based on a particular type of fossil assemblage contained within them.
	www.watersheds.org /earth/gtime04b.htm (73 words)

	INQUA - the International Union for Quaternary Research
		The Quaternary is an interval with dramatic and frequent changes in global climate.
		The expertise of Quaternary scientists is to interpret the changing world of the glacial ages and their impact on our planet's surface environments.
		Quaternary palaeoclimatic investigations play a key role in the understanding of the possible future climate change on our planet.
	www.inqua.tcd.ie (158 words)

	Geology111-Lecture 28
		The period can be subdivided into two Epochs: the Pleistocene the first 1.99 MY and the Holocene the last 10,000 years since the last major glacial advance.
		There were at least four main periods of glacial advance during the Quaternary separated by periods of interglacial warmer climates.
		The intervening interglacial periods are called the Sangamon (between the Wisconsin and Illinoian); the Yarmouth (between the Illinoian and the Kansan); and the Aftonian (between the Nebraskan and the Kansan).
	www.geol.binghamton.edu /faculty/naslund/Geol.111.lect28.html (457 words)

	Pliocene quick guide
		These statistical characteristics themselves shift throughout the period of the last few million years going into the Quaternary Period, with a decline in mean temperature and a trend towards increased aridity, and broader oscillations in both temperature and aridity.
		Other data from the same time periods contradict this, and suggest that the coherant 'greater cold = greater aridity' pattern has indeed held true during the last 130,000 years (the contradictions may be due to errors in the dating, though which side is correct is presently unclear).
		By analogy with the general pattern prevailing during much of the late Quaternary, the arid phases might have been linked to the colder parts of global climate fluctuations, with falls of several degrees celsius in mean annual temperature between the peak and the trough of a single climate fluctuation.
	www.esd.ornl.gov /projects/qen/pliocene.html (2735 words)

	Quaternary Palaeoenvironments Group (QPG) » About
		This period is of extreme importance to humans since it is during this period that man rose from being simply another member of the vertebrate fauna to the present pre-eminance.
		For humans the Quaternary is of prime importance therefore because it provides us with a foundation upon which to build our understanding of the impact of our activities on our World and the way in which we might expect it to respond in the very near future.
		In essence therefore we cannot afford not to study the Quaternary Period if we are to understand the longterm and even the shorter term operation of the planet upon which we live.
	www-qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk /about/quaternary.html (428 words)

	Quaternary Geology
		The Quaternary period is the time of development of many details of the landscape and of all the surficial deposits.
		The Quaternary Geology datalayer is complemented by the Surficial Materials datalayer, which is based on the 1:24,000-scale compilation sheets for Surficial Materials Map of Connecticut (Stone and others, 1992).
		Each quaternary geology deposit is composed of several polygons that may represent changes in facies (glaciofluvial, deltaic, or lake-bottom sediments) or texture (surficial materials units).
	dep.state.ct.us /gis/dataguides/usgs/layers/quatgeol.htm (705 words)

	Quaternary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This period was characterized by the Ice Ages.
		The Quaternary period is divided into two epochs, the Pleistocene and Holocene (Recent).
		The onset of the glacial conditions began about 40 million years ago when the surface ocean waters at high southern latitudes rapidly cooled, and the water in the deep-ocean basin soon cooled to about 10°C colder than previously.
	www.caveofthewinds.com /quaternary.html (247 words)

	Prehistoric Scotland: Mesolithic Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Cambrian Period belonging to the geologic time, system of rocks, and sedimentary deposits of the first period of the Paleozoic Era, characterized by warm seas and desert land areas.
		Cretaceous Period - the third and last period of the Mesozoic Era, characterized by the development of flowering plants and the disappearance of dinosaurs.
		MESOLITHIC AGE - the cultural period of the Stone Age between the Paleolithic and Neolithic ages, marked by the appearance of the bow and cutting tools.
	members.aol.com /skyelander/prehist1.html (862 words)

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