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Topic: Quebracho

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	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Quebracho - Herb Profile and Information
		The taste is very bitter, but there is scarcely any odour.
		Two other plants are known as Quebracho: Schinopsis Lorenzii, the wood of which is sold in commerce as 'quebracho wood,' and Iodina rhombifolia, 'quebracho flojo,' the wood and bark of which are sometimes substituted for the 'quebracho colorado.'
		When a preparation of Quebracho or Aspidosperma is injected into the circulation, the rate and depth of the respiration increases largely, apparently due to direct action on the respiratory centre, and the blood-pressure falls.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/q/quebra02.html (0 words)

	Quebracho - Supplements
		In the USA, yohimbe and quebracho are most often promoted in dietary supplements for treating impotence, stimulating male sexual performance (often marketed as "herbal Viagra") and enhancing athletic performance (as an alternative to anabolic steroids).
		A purified extract from yohimbe bark yields an alkaloid (stimulant similar to caffeine and ephedra) called Yohimbine, which is regulated as a prescription medication and used for treating erectile dysfunction in males Also promoted as a male aphrodisiac and a natural form of Viagra.
		Tunmann P, Wolf D. The N(b)-oxide of rhazidigenin, an alkaloid from the bark of Aspidospermia Quebracho blanco Schlecht.
	www.supplementwatch.com /suplib/supplement.asp?DocId=1325 (878 words)

	Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--quebracho (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The name "quebracho" (pronounced "kay-brat-sho") derives from a contraction of the colloquial Spanish or Portuguese term "quiebra-hacha" (ax breaker), and refers to the extreme hardness of the wood (specific gravity 1.12 to 1.39).
		Untreated quebracho tannin is relatively insoluble in cold water and is usually sulfited to overcome this disadvantage.
		Quebracho belongs to the condensed class of tannins.
	palimpsest.stanford.edu /don/dt/dt2761.html (224 words)

	QUEBRACHO. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Quebracho is obtained chiefly from wild trees of the forests of the Gran Chaco of Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia.
		White quebracho (Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco) of the dogbane family is one of the other hardwoods similarly used and is native to the same region.
		Red quebracho is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Sapindales, family Anacardiaceae.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/qu/quebrach.html (160 words)

	Quebracho - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quebracho is one of the common names, in Spanish, of at least three similar species of trees that grow in the Gran Chaco region of South America:
		Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco ("white quebracho"), of the family Apocynaceae.
		Quebracho is sometimes used as a commercial name for the tannin derived from the trees, or their timber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quebracho (197 words)

	AllRefer.com - quebracho, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		Quebracho is obtained chiefly from wild trees of the forests of the Gran Chaco of Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia.
		White quebracho (Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco) of the dogbane family is one of the other hardwoods similarly used and is native to the same region.
		Red quebracho is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Sapindales, family Anacardiaceae.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/Q/quebrach.html (254 words)

	Chaco National Park
		Quebracho colorado chaqueño, algarrobos, guayaibí, espina corona, guayacán, chaguares
		The “quebracho” is a tree that has strong wood and tannin.
		Protecting the "quebracho colorado" forests is a central priority for the Administración de Parques Nacionales.
	www.argentour.com /pnchacoi.htm (162 words)

	White Quebracho - Picture - MSN Encarta
		Quebracho trees grow in tropical regions of South America and are especially identified with the Gran Chaco region of Argentina, Paraguay, and Bolivia.
		The bark of the white quebracho, shown here, yields a substance used in treating asthma symptoms.
		The red quebracho provides wood for construction and tannins used in tanning leather.
	encarta.msn.com /media_121625536/White_Quebracho.html (52 words)

	Quebracho (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Quebracho trees grow wild in dense tropical forests which also include a variety of other trees and vegetation and it is only after a minimum of about 80 years of growth that they are mature enough for extract production.
		The name Quebracho is derived from the Spanish "quebra hacha" meaning axe-breaker and is an indication of the hardness of the wood which has a specific gravity of approximately 1.3.
		Quebracho logs arrive in the factory already free from bark and sapwood and are first broken down into chips by a powerful mechanical chipper.
	www.r-w-d.co.uk /Quebracho.html (941 words)

	Maya Ethnobotanicals - View Herb -> Aspidosperma quebracho (Quebracho)
		Quebracho is an evergreen tree which sometimes rises to 100 feet, with an erect stem and wide-spreading crown.
		Quebracho is used by indigenous Shamans known as Paleros, (those that use wood) specializing in the use of trees as teachers.
		Quebracho appears to be legal in the U.S. where it may be sold legaly as a component of Libido strengthening herbal tonics.This product is illegal or somehow problematic to send to Finland, due to Finnish laws on importing of wood.
	www.maya-ethnobotanicals.com /product_info.phtml/herbid_339/category_ (533 words)

	Quebracho, a true South American (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The quebracho colorado tree, "Schinopsis balansae y Schinopsis Lorentzii" species, is one of the storngest and most typical presence in the South American Chaco region, a 650 thosusand square kilometers (about 250 thousand square miles) area, located in the North Eastern part of Argentina and in Bolivia and Paraguay.
		The quebracho tree's properties of hardness and high content of tanning substances were already known by the native people living in the Chaco region, who used its wood to produce working tools and its resines to tan skins.
		Indunor is part of the history of quebracho extracts, contributing and fostering, over que years, to the development of the quebracho economy.
	www.indunor.com /ingles/quebrach.htm (327 words)

	Schinopsis lorentzii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some of its common names are coronillo, quebracho colorado santiagueño, quebracho macho, and quebracho bolí.
		The qualification colorado ("red") differentiates it from other species of common quebracho tree, the Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (quebracho blanco, "white quebracho", family Apocynaceae).
		The indication santiagueño (from Santiago del Estero) is made to distinguish it from quebracho colorado chaqueño, a closely related species (Schinopsis balansae).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Schinopsis_lorentzii (148 words)

	The environment perspective (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chaco quebracho, also called "quebracho colorado" is the richest provider in nature of tannin: its extract contain 72% of tannin whereas, for instance, mimosa's extract contains 66%.
		Nevertheless the quebracho colorado, which grows in heterogeneous forests and can reach a height of 65 feets (about 20 meters) and a diameter up to 6,5 feet (about 2 meters), has its own self-defence echanism, since young trees have a very small amount of tannin and are uninteresting for extraction purposes.
		Safeguarding the environment objective for Indunor because the survival of Chaco’s forest, with its large inheritance of quebracho trees, guarantees Indunor to continue extraction and commercial activities.
	www.indunor.com /ingles/ambiente.htm (372 words)

	MFA - CAMEO - Print Page
		Quebracho wood is extremely hard, polishes well and has a spotted reddish brown appearance.
		Quebracho wood is used for carvings, railway sleepers, and heavy construction.
		Quebracho tannin is the most important vegetable tanning agent used in the American leather industry (Lewis, 1993).
	www.mfa.org /_CAMEO/FRONTEND/material_print.asp?name=quebracho&type=all (225 words)

	Unitán - Quebracho Colorado Tree
		The tanning properties of Quebracho Colorado were discovered by Emilio Poisier, a french tanner living in Argentina, in 1867.
		By 1895 Quebracho extracts were already being exported to Europe and a few decades later they became the most widely used vegetable tanning extract.
		Quebracho extracts are a complex blend of poliphenols prepared from the heart wood of Quebracho Colorado trees which only grow in South America in the geographical area called Chaco, which covers Northern Argentina and Paraguay.
	www.unitan.net /english/quebracho.html (330 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'quebracho'
		A powdered form of tannic acid extract from the bark of the quebracho tree, used as a high-pH and lime-mud deflocculant.
		It was in widespread use until the 1950s, at which time lignosulfonate became widely available and performed the same function better and cheaper than quebracho.
		A legend of the oil patch holds that, back in the days when quebracho mud was all the rage (in the days when Hobby Airport was Houston's main airport), a mud man parked his old field car in the airport parking lot for several days.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=quebracho (213 words)

	2-64.html (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Population Status and Trends Quebracho is the national tree of Argentina.
		About half of the quebracho forest is contained in Argentina, where it has declined by 65% over the past 80 years through logging and clearance for cattle ranching and agriculture.
		Quebracho forest, originally extending 106 million ha in 1914, is believed to have been reduced to 60 million ha by 1956 and to 36 million ha in 1984 (CITES, 1992).
	www.unep-wcmc.org /species/tree_study/americas/2-64.html (463 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Quebracho Tannin Influence on Nitrogen Balance in Small Ruminants and in Vitro Parameters ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Including 1.5 to 3% quebracho tannin with alfalfa hay fed to small ruminants resulted in more fecal nitrogen being excreted by sheep and goats compared to no quebracho tannin supplementation.
		We also observed decreased ammonia concentrations when the higher concentrations of 1.5 and 3% quebracho tannin were added to alfalfa hay and incubated with rumen fluid in the laboratory compared to no quebracho tannin; this indicated less protein breakdown in the rumen of livestock.
		Feeding studies using small ruminants and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannin (QT) supplementation to alfalfa hay diets on nitrogen use, organic matter and fiber disappearance, and in vitro ammonia production.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=129502 (440 words)

	Amazon.com: Quebracho (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tax on chestnut and quebracho tanning extracts: Speech of John W. Daniel of Virginia in the Senate of the United States, May 20, 1909 by John W Daniel (Unknown Binding - 1909)
		The Quebracho region of Argentina by William D Durland (Unknown Binding - 1924)
		It is a herb that brings blood to the upper extremities and may be beneficial for advanced asthmatic, bronchitis.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Quebracho&tag=lexico&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (325 words)

	Quebracho Tannin Influence on Nitrogen Balance in Small Ruminants and In-Vitro Parameters when Utilizing Alfalfa Forage ...
		Quebracho tannin is a commercial source containing a mixture of CT obtained from the red quebracho or quebracho colorado (Schinopsis lorentzii) tree and contains about 75% total tannins.
		Quebracho tannin solution with water [20% (w/v)] was added so that final concentrations were similar to those described for the sheep and goat metabolism studies: 1) 0 (0QT); 2) 0.75% (0.75QT); 3) 1.5% (1.5QT); or 4) 3.0% (3.0QT).
		Our results revealed a negative trend in lambs and none in kids with regards to quebracho feeding and NDF digestion; this may be indicative that goats are better able to tolerate higher concentrations of tannins in their diet.
	www.sheepusa.org /index.phtml?page=site/news_details&nav_id=10c63ea6fd6038033c530f01ffefd70a (4037 words)

	Química Nova - Antioxidant and antiviral properties of Pseudopiptadenia contorta (Leguminosae) and of quebracho ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The products of the reaction of the proanthocyanidins from quebracho with phloroglucinol afforded catechin and epi-catechin as terminal units, in the ratio of about 1:1; and catechin-phloroglucinol and epi-catechin-phloroglucinol as extension units, in the ratio of about 1:3.
		On the other hand, it could be suggested that being smaller, quebracho tannins could penetrate the cell and show an intracellular mechanism of action.
		An extract obtained from quebracho was purified using the same methodology.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?pid=S0100-40422005000300011&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en (3200 words)

	OTTO DILLE - Vegetabil extracts - Quebracho
		The Quebracho extract is won from the inner red core wood of the Quebracho trunk, which grows in South America, mainly in Argentina and Paraguay.
		The extract of the Quebracho wood belongs to the Catechol group and is assigned to the condensed type of tanning agents.
		The main characteristics of the cold-soluble extract is a very fast penetration speed into the raw hides, a high content of tanning agents and a rather low content in non tanning agents.
	www.otto-dille.de /english/quebracho.html (225 words)

	Administración de Parques Nacionales
		PN Chaco (Chaco National Park) was created in order to protect the “quebracho colorado chaqueño” scrubland.
		It is located in the Chaco province and was created in 1954 in order to protect a sample of the oriental Chaco.
		The scrubland is conformed by different trees, such as the “quebracho colorado chaqueño”, the “espina corona”, the “guayacán”, the “lapacho”, the “algarrobo”, the “guayaibí” and the “quebracho blanco”.
	www.parquesnacionales.gov.ar /i/03_ap/07_chaco_PN/07_chaco_PN.htm (770 words)

	Testora NX - Product Information
		Quebracho is a tree native to South America whose bark is used medicinally to enhance sexual performance, increase muscle mass, promote weight loss, boost energy levels, relieve depression, reduce fever, and relieve shortness of breath related to asthma or emphysema.
		Quebracho contains large amounts of yohimbine, the active compound in yohimbe.
		Quebracho is used in a similar manner as yohimbe.
	www.testora.com /product.htm (1606 words)

	custom art frames museum restoration conservation gallery frames gilding gold leaf
		It is with great pride and pleasure that we invite you to Quebracho, a studio where the aristocracy of artisans create hand-crafted frames from the finest woods on earth.
		We chose the name Quebracho, in honor of the South American tree renowned for Its strength, enduring characteristics and beauty.
		Just as the Quebracho tree embodies and marries the spiritual (nature's bounty of exquisite grains) with the corporeal (exceptional hardwood) so do the frames we create.
	www.queensnewyork.com /quebracho/index.html (639 words)

	Polyethylene glycol influences selection of foraging location by sheep consuming quebracho tannin -- Villalba and ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Intake (± SEM) of a food with 15% quebracho tannin (Tannin food) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) by lambs during conditioning.
		Intake (± SEM) of a food with 15% quebracho tannin and polyethylene glycol (PEG) at two different locations, and time (± SEM) spent at those locations by two groups of lambs.
		Effects of dietary quebracho tannin on nutrient utilization and tissue metabolism in sheep and rats.
	jas.fass.org /cgi/content/full/80/7/1846 (3801 words)

	Quebracho
		To assure optimal extraction of Quebracho's bioactive compounds, the bark is hand-harvested and carefully dried.
		Then shipped direct to the lab where it is thoroughly extracted.
		Dry herb/menstruum ration 1:2 with 60-64% grain alcohol and distilled water.
	www.herbalhut.com /quebracho.htm (37 words)

	Non-Wood News No. 7
		Quebracho (Aspidosperma quebracho blanco) is an evergreen tree that grows naturally in Chile, Argentina, Bolivia and southern Brazil and sometimes rises to 30 m, and has an erect stem and wide-spreading crown.
		The wood of all the species of this genus is valuable, and owes its name to its hardness, being derived from two Spanish words, quebrar and hacha, meaning "the axe breaks".
		Two other plants are known as quebracho: Schinopsis lorenzii, the wood of which is sold in commerce as "quebracho wood", and Lodina rhombifolia, "quebracho flojo", the wood and bark of which are sometimes substituted for the "quebracho colorado".
	www.fao.org /docrep/x4945e/x4945e04.htm (3250 words)

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