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	Christina of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Christina was born in Stockholm and her birth occurred during a rare astrological conjunction that fueled great speculation on what influence the child, fervently hoped to be a boy, would have later on the world stage.
		Christina abdicated her throne on June 5, 1654 in favour of her cousin Charles Gustavus in order to either practice openly her previously secret Catholicism, or to accept the same publicly so as to be at the center of a scientific and artistic renaissance.
		Christina was sensible that she was now regarded with horror in France, and would gladly have visited England, but she received no encouragement for that purpose from Cromwell.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christina_of_Sweden (1749 words)

	Queen Christina (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Queen Christina is a 1933 Pre-Code Hollywood feature film, starring Greta Garbo and John Gilbert.
		She was given the opportunity to play a queen from her homeland of Sweden.
		References to the Queen's bisexuality are made explicit by her kissing her lady-in-waiting on the lips.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Queen_Christina_(film) (544 words)

	Christina of Sweden
		Christina of Sweden was born on December 8, 1626 in Stockholm, Sweden.
		Christina was the daughter of King Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora of Brandonburg.
		Christina was a great supporter of the arts and sciences and pursued her wish to create the "Athens of the North." Christina is also significant for her political power.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/christina.html (1443 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christina Alexandra
		Queen of Sweden, child of Gustavus Adolphhus II of Sweden, born at Stockholm, 8 December, 1626; d.
		Christina perceived that she could not continue to reign in Sweden as a convert to Catholicism, and resigned her throne in favour of her cousin, Charles Gustavus of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, a member of the Wittelsbach family.
		Christina suffered much annoyance from the failure to receive with regularity from Sweden the income to which she was entitled; sometimes no money came at all.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03722a.htm (1660 words)

	::Queen Christina of Sweden::
		She was born in 1626 and became queen in 1632 when Sweden was actively engaged in the Thirty Years War.
		As Christina was only six when she became queen on her father's untimely death at the Battle of Lutzen, a regency was created lead by Axel Oxenstierna.
		Christina did abdicate in June 1654 when she gave way to her nominated successor, Charles Gustav who became Charles X. There is no doubt that her religious views pushed her into abdicating; however, the crown was in a desperate financial state as a result of the Thirty Years War.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /queen_christina_of_sweden.htm (461 words)

	Amazon.ca: Queen Christina: Video: Rouben Mamoulian,Greta Garbo,John Gilbert,Ian Keith,Lewis Stone,Elizabeth Young,C. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Two sequences are legendary: Christina memorizing the room at a snowbound inn where she has first experienced love; and the long, concluding closeup of a queen become ship's-figurehead--as blank as a tabula rasa, and filled with all the meaning and emotion seven decades of audiences have chosen to see there.
		Queen Christina, too, is conflicted, as she does not wish to enter into a political marriage of convenience with Swedish war hero, Prince Charles Gustavus (Reginald Owen).
		QUEEN CHRISTINA met with widespread critical enthusiasm - as did Garbo's fine characterization of her countrywoman - but the film did not tickle the fancy of the hoi polloi during the depths of the depression, and it did badly and the box office, nor it win the awards it merited.
	www.amazon.ca /Queen-Christina-Rouben-Mamoulian/dp/6301978374 (2075 words)

	Queen Christina
		Christina was very fond of her and used her as a confidant.
		He was a friend to Christina because he could help her in any future request from the King of Spain for a conversion to Catholicism and abdication of the throne and because he was very supportive of her desires and goals.
		Christina was horrified by childbearing and refused to allow pregnant women near her.
	www.vernonjohns.org /snuffy1186/qnchris.html (1221 words)

	Christina of Sweden, the Porta Magica and the Italian poets of the Golden and Rosy Cross
		Prior to that that, however, Christina had been approached by the alchemist Johannes Franck, who described her future reign as the fulfillment of Paracelsus’ prophecy of a return of Helias Artista and of Sendivogius’ vision of the the rise of a metallic monarchy of the North.
		Christina was now turning towards Catholicism, but it is possible that she heard of the translation project from Le Blon, who acted as her art curator.
		Christina adds that with one grain of the projection powder one is able to convert "500 livres" of lead, that is 250 kg, into 24 carats of gold.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/queen_christina.html (3000 words)

	Queen Christina (1933) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		While she is queen, Sweden becomes a dominant...
		This is a movie with several good points, but "Queen Christina" is most of all notable for the outstanding performance by the great Greta Garbo, in a role that is perfect for her.
		The story is very loosely based on the historical Queen Christina, who ruled Sweden in the mid-1600's.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0024481 (557 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Christina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christina CHRISTINA [Christina], 1626-89, queen of Sweden (1632-54), daughter and successor of Gustavus II.
		Maria Christina MARIA CHRISTINA [Maria Christina], 1806-78, queen of Spain, daughter of Francis I of the Two Sicilies.
		Isabella II ISABELLA II [Isabella II] 1830-1904, queen of Spain (1833-68), daughter of Ferdinand VII and of Maria Christina.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/02722.html (658 words)

	DVD Verdict Review - Queen Christina
		Queen Christina is generally considered to be one of Greta Garbo's finest hours as an actress—the brave, poignant expression caught in close-up as Christina sails into the sunset to face an unknown future has etched itself into the memories of several generations of moviegoers.
		Mistaking her to be a young boy, through a series of circumstances Christina and Antonio are forced to share the same bed in a rural inn, where Christina's true identity is quickly revealed.
		Despite its strong reputation, Queen Christina is a very creaky early talkie—and suffers from all of the problems movies in that category usually are stricken with, including stagy acting, settings and backgrounds that are obviously fake, and a contrived approach to plot development more suited for the stage than for the camera.
	www.dvdverdict.com /reviews/queenchristina.php (938 words)

	Phil Villarreal's Review: Queen Christina \| Arizona Daily Star ®
		Starring along with Gilbert, Garbo played the young queen of 17th century Sweden, having risen to the throne at age 6 after her father was killed in the Thirty Years War.
		Christina reveals her sex to Antonio, igniting a forbidden love affair that leads the monarch to consider the unthinkable: abdication.
		The other standout is the final scene, a long, silent movement in which Christina stands at the edge of a boat, facing into the wind as she sails on to her new destiny.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/94388 (829 words)

	Christina (queen) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christina (queen), in Swedish, Kristina (1626-89), queen of Sweden (1632-54).
		The sole heir of Gustav II Adolph, Christina succeeded her father at...
		Queen Christina, motion picture about a 17th-century Swedish queen who gives up her throne for love.
	encarta.msn.com /Christina_(queen).html (110 words)

	goatdog's movies - Queen Christina, 1933
		Queen Christina (Garbo) was a real-life 17th-century queen of Sweden.
		The real Christina is widely viewed as bisexual, and the film plays on that element with an ambiguous relationship between Christina and one of her handmaidens.
		In the film, Christina is a benevolent ruler who tires of war and sues for peace against the wishes of her generals and advisors.
	goatdog.com /moviePage.php?movieID=623 (940 words)

	Queen Christina (1933)
		Queen Christina (1933) is one of Greta Garbo's quintessential, most-remembered screen portrayals (and one of her finest films), with glowing scenes (enhanced by her favorite cinematographer William Daniels) that reflect the mystique of the lovely, enigmatic actress.
		The biopic of independent-minded, controversial Christina, queen of 17th century Sweden, paired Garbo with popular silent-screen actor John Gilbert (her former fiancee and co-star was also purported to have been her passionate, off-screen lover).
		The plot, ending with the Queen's abdication from her kingdom and self-imposed exile and withdrawal (for the ill-fated love of a Spanish nobleman-envoy), in order to follow her heart to Spain (to return her slain lover to his homeland), prophetically echoed the same sort of conflict that Garbo struggled with in her private life.
	www.filmsite.org /quee.html (2185 words)

	PopcornQ Movies
		However, just underneath the heterosexual act is a clear queer appeal and it's easy to imagine the queen as a dyke and her male love interest as a queen.
		When the queen meets Antonio (John Gilbert) in a country tavern/inn (where she is traveling in male disguise), they end up having to share a room together.
		The queen thereafter toys with the affections of a court ambassador (whom she's obviously not interested in) until she meets Antonio.
	www.planetout.com /kiosk/popcornq/db/getfilm.html?1891 (424 words)

	Queen Christina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Christina inherited the Swedish throne in 1632 at the age of six upon the death of her father.
		For the film version, Christina's lesbianism is only hinted at (she kisses actress Elizabeth Young on the mouth) and a love interest (Gilbert) is introduced and used as the reason for her abdication (he is the Spanish ambassador).
		Queen Christina is a beautiful film and my personal favorite.
	home.hiwaay.net /~oliver/queen.htm (138 words)

	Memorable Quotes from Queen Christina (1933) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Queen Christina: I have been memorizing this room.
		Queen Christina: I have quite a collection of royal portraits.
		Queen Christina: Snow is like a wide sea.
	www.us.imdb.com /title/tt0024481/quotes (310 words)

	Conversion of a Queen -- Christina of Sweden in Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Conversion of a Queen -- Christina of Sweden in Rome
		It's big news when a protestant monarch abdicates to become a Catholic and then goes to live in Rome, especially if it happens during the Counter-Reformation and more especially if she is the daughter of Adolphus II whose participation in the Thirty Years War had so greatly damaged Catholicism.
		Christina, once in Rome, turned out to be imperious and capricious -- she once took a practice shot with a Castel Sant'Angelo cannon without bothering to aim it, and hit the door of the Villa Medici.
	www.mmdtkw.org /VChristina.html (261 words)

	Queen Christina
		Garbo's Christina is a decisive queen, ruling Sweden with wisdom and compassion.
		Intrigued by the gallant Spaniard, Christina decides to discover his real nature by disguising herself as a man. She goes to an inn where she knows Don Antonio is staying.
		In Queen Christina, Garbo had her way, making use of an iron-clad contract that paid her $250,000 a film, gave her the choice of director, cameraman, leading man, and, in fact, the entire cast, if she cared to select the extras.
	members.tripod.com /~Hejira_2/Garbo/QC.html (572 words)

	Queen Christina movie
		Christina: Oh, and this great joy I feel now...This is how the Lord must have felt when he first beheld the finished world with all his creatures breathing, living.
		Christina stands as a silent figurehead at the bow of the ship, the wind blowing through her hair, as the camera zooms in on the blank, enigmatic expression on her face.
		The colonel had many complaints about the film's historical inaccuracies, among which were the way the queen is quick to go to bed with a stranger and the fact that the Diet ought not to be seen to clamour for war, as is the case in the early sceneof Christina and her fire-eating courtiers.
	www.windweaver.com /christina/movie.htm (648 words)

	Classic Film Guide
		It's the story about the child queen of Sweden who grows into a woman that refuses to marry her country's conquering Prince (Reginald Owen).
		In the film's most memorable sequences, the Queen temporarily escapes from her responsibilities, disguised as a man, by going hunting with her servant Aage (C. Aubrey Smith).
		When he discovers that she's a woman (and the Queen!), they have a passionate night together, after which she wants to memorize the room to never forget the affair.
	www.classicfilmguide.com /index.php?s=essential&item=349 (339 words)

	Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden (1626-1689)
		Kristina is crowned queen before the council of rengents and her education commences.
		She is also trained in the art of horsemanship, swordwork, and all other aspects of battle and sports.
		1640 Queen Kristina, although still a minor, is admitted to council meetings and begins to participate in governance of Sweden.
	www.orst.edu /instruct/phl302/philosophers/wasa.html (1213 words)

	Amazon.com: Queen Christina: DVD: Rouben Mamoulian,Greta Garbo,John Gilbert,Ian Keith,Lewis Stone,Elizabeth Young,C. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		While she is queen, Sweden becomes a dominant European power at the end of the Thirty Years War.
		But here, in Queen Christina actress and woman merge, she opened up for us in a way she had never before and would never again, fully showing us her great strength and acute vulnerability, and the result is spellbinding.
		Greta Garbo as Queen Christina, Ian Keith as Magnus, Lewis Stone as Oxenstierna, Elizabeth Young as Countess Ebba Sparre, C.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0009S4IJC?v=glance (2169 words)

	Queen Christina of Sweden by Torrey Philemon
		Queen Christina Wasa of Sweden ruled from 1640 - 1654, then abdicated her throne to Charles Gustavas and converted to Catholicism, which was illegal in Sweden.
		Unconcerned with appearances, and daring to live a life of almost total freedom, Christina was one of the most highly independent, unconventional, and outrageously colorful women in history.
		The Greta Garbo film, Queen Christina, is a highly fictionalized portrait of her last years as queen.
	www.windweaver.com /christina/christina.htm (123 words)

	Amazon.ca: Queen Christina: DVD: Rouben Mamoulian,Greta Garbo,John Gilbert,Ian Keith,Lewis Stone,Elizabeth Young,C. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Displaying the full range of Greta Garbo's mystique, Queen Christina (1933) is usually considered one of Garbo's best works, as well as her most erotically complex.
		Working from the true story of the 17th century Swedish queen who abdicated her throne for love, MGM surrounded Garbo with the kind of beautifully detailed period sets and costumes for which it was known in the 1930s, including Christina's preferred male drag.
		(Mamoulian reportedly told her to think of nothing.) Even so, Queen Christina did not perform as well as MGM had expected, making it a rare disappointment for Garbo and the end of Gilbert's career.
	www.amazon.ca /Queen-Christina-Rouben-Mamoulian/dp/B0009S4IJC (2222 words)

	Queen Christina
		If it is true that QUEEN CHRISTINA is more a Garbo vehicle than a Mamoulian film, then it is also true that it provides some of her most memorable moments.
		In QUEEN CHRISTINA, Garbo's lover is played by John Gilbert, one of the most popular movie actors of the Twenties and for some time Garbo's lover in real life.
		More than anything else, QUEEN CHRISTINA is a startling metaphor for Garbo's own career: the unmarried Swedish queen who abdicated her throne.
	www.math.wm.edu /~trosset/Film/garbo.html (1111 words)

	Movie Info for Queen Christina on MSN Movies
		If Queen Christina is not the best of Greta Garbo's films (as many Garbo fanatics insist), it is certainly the most luxuriously romantic of her talkie features.
		Fiercely devoted to her country and the welfare of her people, Christina has long since abandoned all thoughts of pursuing any kind of a romance -- but changes her mind when she meets and falls in love with Spanish envoy Antonio (John Gilbert).
		While some of Garbo's earliest talkies tend to creak a bit, Queen Christina is as fascinating today as it was nearly seven decades ago, and will undoubtedly continue to remain just as fascinating for the next seven decades.
	entertainment.sidewalk.msn.com /movies/movie.aspx?m=181007 (307 words)

	Queen Christina (1933 b 99') (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Her philosophical character and the events are historical with the major exception of the romance.
		Oxenstierna tells the queen to do her duty and marry Charles; but she rejects the marriage and abdicates her throne to him.
		The historical Queen Christina was tutored by Descartes and abdicated her throne because she converted to Catholicism in addition to not wanting to marry.
	www.san.beck.org /MM/1933/QueenChristina.html (432 words)

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