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	Christina of Sweden - LoveToKnow 1911
		CHRISTINA (1626-1689), queen of Sweden, daughter of Gustavus Adolphus and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, was born at Stockholm on the 8th of December 1626.
		She seemed to consider Swedish affairs as far too petty to occupy her full attention; while her unworthy treatment of the great chancellor was mainly due to her jealousy of his extraordinary reputation and to the uneasy conviction that, so long as he was alive, his influence must at least be equal to her own.
		Twice she returned to Sweden (1660 and 1667) in the vain hope of recovering the succession, finally settling in Rome, where she died on the 19th of April 1689, poor, neglected and forgotten.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Christina_of_Sweden (802 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Christina Alexandra
		Sweden artists and scholars, among whom were the philosopher Descartes and Hugo Grotius, the expounder of international law; by the payment of large pensions she kept these men attached to her court.
		At Rome, Christina's home was in the Palazzo Farnese; during her residence here she sought to satisfy her intellectual ambitions as well as the longings of her devout and loving heart.
		Sweden the income to which she was entitled; sometimes no money came at all.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03722a.htm (1551 words)

	::Queen Christina of Sweden::
		As Christina was only six when she became queen on her father's untimely death at the Battle of Lutzen, a regency was created lead by Axel Oxenstierna.
		Sweden's participation in the Thirty Years War was effectively directed by this regency until in 1644 when Christina came of age.
		Christina did abdicate in June 1654 when she gave way to her nominated successor, Charles Gustav who became Charles X. There is no doubt that her religious views pushed her into abdicating; however, the crown was in a desperate financial state as a result of the Thirty Years War.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /queen_christina_of_sweden.htm (449 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Christina of Sweden
		Christina had long been considered "mannish" because of her intellect and love of studying, and her manner of dressing reinforced the impression.
		That Christina slept with one of the women of her court meant nothing in and of itself: in the cold north it was a common and practical custom for people of the same sex to share a bed merely to keep warm.
		A portrait of Christina of Sweden by Sébastien Bourdon.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/christina_sweden.html (851 words)

	Christina of Sweden, the Porta Magica and the Italian poets of the Golden and Rosy Cross
		Christina of Sweden (1626-1689), the Porta Magica and the Italian poets of the Golden and Rosy Cross.
		Prior to that that, however, Christina had been approached by the alchemist Johannes Franck, who described her future reign as the fulfillment of Paracelsus’ prophecy of a return of Helias Artista and of Sendivogius’ vision of the the rise of a metallic monarchy of the North.
		Christina adds that with one grain of the projection powder one is able to convert "500 livres" of lead, that is 250 kg, into 24 carats of gold.
	www.levity.com /alchemy/queen_christina.html (3000 words)

	Christina of Sweden
		Christina of Sweden was born on December 8, 1626 in Stockholm, Sweden.
		Christina was the daughter of King Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora of Brandonburg.
		Christina was a great supporter of the arts and sciences and pursued her wish to create the "Athens of the North." Christina is also significant for her political power.
	departments.kings.edu /womens_history/christina.html (1443 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Christina of Sweden
		Christina was a prize convert, and the pope himself welcomed her when she arrived in Rome in December 1655.
		When the throne of Poland became vacant in 1668, Christina made a half-hearted attempt to vie for the elective post of king at the urging of Cardinal Decio Azzolino, a powerful churchman whom she had befriended in Rome.
		Christina also championed Arcangelo Corelli, who conducted the orchestra at a concert that Christina gave in 1687 in honor of James II of England.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/christina_sweden,2.html (1088 words)

	wpchris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Queen Christina was born in 1626 in Stockholm, Sweden to King Gustavus II and Marie-Eleanore of Brandenburg.
		In 1632, when Christina was six years old, her father was killed at the Battle of Lutzen of the Thirty Years War in which he was fighting to save Protestantism.
		Christina was welcomed by the most prominent people, not only as the former queen of Sweden but as a great patroness.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /htdocs/Blair/Courses/MUSL243/wpchris.htm (1074 words)

	Queen Christina Of Sweden And The Marquis Monaldeschi
		Queen Christina Of Sweden And The Marquis Monaldeschi
		SWEDEN today is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.
		Christina, with the marquis and a large retinue, was at Fontainebleau in November, 1657.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles23/famous-people-5.shtml (4210 words)

	Christina of Sweden: Queen Christina
		On the 19th of April, 1689, Queen Christina of Sweden died at Rome, where she had continued to live in a sort of magnificence which the pope permitted and aided by paying the princess a large annuity.
		Sometimes her remittances from Sweden were delayed, though in general they were paid in a praiseworthy manner, the delay arising from the misunderstandings of bankers, money not being as changed then as now.
		Christina was trained with care and she turned out to be a brilliant and determined student.
	www.lycos.com /info/christina-of-sweden--queen-christina.html (562 words)

	Queen Christina (1933)
		Queen Christina (1933) is one of Greta Garbo's quintessential, most-remembered screen portrayals (and one of her finest films), with glowing scenes (enhanced by her favorite cinematographer William Daniels) that reflect the mystique of the lovely, enigmatic actress.
		The biopic of independent-minded, controversial Christina, queen of 17th century Sweden, paired Garbo with popular silent-screen actor John Gilbert (her former fiancee and co-star was also purported to have been her passionate, off-screen lover).
		The plot, ending with the Queen's abdication from her kingdom and self-imposed exile and withdrawal (for the ill-fated love of a Spanish nobleman-envoy), in order to follow her heart to Spain (to return her slain lover to his homeland), prophetically echoed the same sort of conflict that Garbo struggled with in her private life.
	www.filmsite.org /quee.html (2185 words)

	Newberry Library \| Newberry Consort Repertoire - Stradella Program
		Christina was also possessed of a voracious intellectual appetite and explored every significant philosophical trend of her era, from alchemy to Quietism.
		It is populated with mythological persons who may refer to real historical figuresCremember that Christina of Sweden was called the Pallas Nordica and Elizabeth I of England was known variously as Astrea or Orianna.
		It is so specifically astrological that it is tempting to speculate that the cantata was composed for Queen Christina and her circle.
	www.newberry.org /consort/stradellaprogram.html (1728 words)

	Coins Article - The Journal of Antiques & Collectibles
		Christina was the daughter of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, who was one of the greatest military commanders of his century.
		Christina was tough minded and unafraid of her subjects among whom she moved with some degree of freedom.
		Christina, in turn, raised a few eyebrows when she moved two professional astronomers into her household and published a letter on the wonders of religious tolerance and a manifesto blasting anti-semitism in favor of defending Rome’s Jewish population.
	www.journalofantiques.com /May07/coins.html (1818 words)

	Queen Christina of Sweden by Torrey Philemon, Tracy Marks
		Queen Christina Wasa of Sweden ruled from 1640 - 1654, then abdicated her throne to Charles Gustavas and converted to Catholicism, which was illegal in Sweden.
		Unconcerned with appearances, and daring to live a life of almost total freedom, Christina was one of the most highly independent, unconventional, and outrageously colorful women in history.
		The Greta Garbo film, Queen Christina, is a highly fictionalized portrait of her last years as queen.
	www.windweaver.com /christina/christina.htm (132 words)

	Christina of Sweden
		Mentioned as a work of Titian in all the inventories, beginning with that of Christina of Sweden, the painting is one of the artist's several versions of the evidently popular subject.
		Because there was a lack of money in Sweden, she gave them pieces of land as a reward for their achievements in battles.
		Christina, Queen of Sweden is considered as a pivotal work in Nanteuil's development.
	www.lycos.com /info/christina-of-sweden.html (284 words)

	AllRefer.com - Christina of Sweden Information
		Queen of Sweden (1632-1654) who was a patron of learning and the arts.
		A full-length portrait of Christina, 17th-century queen of Sweden, by J H Elbfas.
		As a secret convert to Roman Catholicism, which was then illegal in Sweden, she had to abdicate in 1654, and went to live in Rome, twice returning to Sweden unsuccessfully to claim the throne.
	www.allrefer.com /christina-of-sweden (244 words)

	Queen Christina
		Christina was very fond of her and used her as a confidant.
		He was a friend to Christina because he could help her in any future request from the King of Spain for a conversion to Catholicism and abdication of the throne and because he was very supportive of her desires and goals.
		Christina was horrified by childbearing and refused to allow pregnant women near her.
	www.vernonjohns.org /snuffy1186/qnchris.html (1221 words)

	Amazon.ca: Christina, Queen of Sweden: The Restless Life of a European Eccentric: Books: Veronica Buckley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Christina abdicated the throne of Lutheran Sweden in 1654, at age 28, presumably in order to convert to Catholicism.
		From the moment of her birth in 1626, when she was mistakenly identified as a boy, to the time of her death in 1689, she ardently pursued an extraordinarily extravagant life characterized by an emotionally contrary nature.
		Formally ascending the Swedish throne in 1644, she proved to be a lavish and fiscally irresponsible monarch, leading Sweden to the verge of bankruptcy in six short years.
	www.amazon.ca /Christina-Queen-Sweden-Restless-Eccentric/dp/0060736186 (655 words)

	Queen Christina of Sweden - Search.com
		Queen Christina of Sweden - her life, biography and the Greta Garbo movie, Swedish history by Tracy Marks.
		Queen Christina of Sweden and her circle : the transformation of a seventeenth century philosophical libertine.
		Since the actual Queen Christina of Sweden (1626-1689) was bisexual in orientation, this provided the story with a pretext for its lesbian leanings.
	www.search.com /search?q=Queen+Christina+of+Sweden&tag=se.sr-1-118.rel.c.7.8.10.2.6 (334 words)

	Church of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Church of Sweden or Svenska kyrkan is the national church of Sweden.
		Protestant Reformation in Sweden was led by King Gustav Vasa assisted by clergymen primarily the brothers Olaus Petri and Laurentius Petri in Sweden and Mikael Agricola in Finland.
		By the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809 which followed the Finnish War Sweden ceded Finland to the Russian Empire and the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland became the successor to the Church Sweden in Finland.
	www.freeglossary.com /Church_of_Sweden (490 words)

	Famous Swedes: Queen Christina - SWEDEN.SE
		Queen Christina of Sweden (1626–1689) holds a unique position in European culture during the Age of Absolutism.
		Today, Christina is remembered not so much for her brief reign as Queen of Sweden, but rather for her contribution, primarily as a patron, to 17th century art and literary culture.
		She is also remembered for her refusal to accept the traditional feminine role of her age.
	www.sweden.se /templates/cs/Publication____15465.aspx (102 words)

	Christina of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the heiress presumptive, at the age of 6, she succeeded her father to the throne of Sweden upon his death at the Battle of Lützen (November 6,
		She was a woman of quite distraught temperament, and her attempts to bestow guilt on Kristina for her difficult birth, or just the horror story itself, may have prejudiced Kristina against the prospect of having to produce an heir to the throne.
		Queen Kristina in discussion with French philosopher René Descartes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Christina_of_Sweden (1799 words)

	QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI
		Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.
		Christina's subjects were still rude and lacking in accomplishments; therefore she had to summon men of genius from other countries, especially from France and Italy.
		Christina, with the marquis and a large retinue, was at Fontainebleau in November, 1657.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Orr/00000015.htm (4220 words)

	Christina
		Trained as a prince, Christina became queen at age six (1632) when her father died in battle.
		However, she was unhappy in Lutheran Sweden and abdicated to become a Catholic.
		Queen Silvia of Sweden is an active supporter of children's rights, an outspoken opponent of trafficking in children and the founder of World Childhood Foundation.
	www.greenlightwrite.com /christina.htm (461 words)

	Queen Christina (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		She was given the opportunity to play a queen from her homeland of Sweden.
		She had initially requested that Sir Laurence Olivier play the part of Christina's lover, since she was impressed with him in a previous film.
		References to the Queen's bisexuality are made explicit by her kissing her lady-in-waiting on the lips.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Queen_Christina_(film) (543 words)

	Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden (1626-1689)
		1626 December 8, Kristina Wasa was born in Sweden of King Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg.
		Chancellor Oxenstiern installed as head of regency to oversee Sweden until Kristina reaches eighteen and a select group of scholars headed by theologian Johannes Matthiae is chosen to oversee her education.
		Kristina is crowned queen before the council of rengents and her education commences.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/phl302/philosophers/wasa.html (1213 words)

	Christina of Sweden Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Christina (1626-1689), Queen of Lutheran Sweden, who abdicated at the height of Sweden's power during the Thirty Years' War, converted to Catholicism, and spent the second half of her life in Rome.
		Queen Christina is one of the most unusual monarchs in E...
		Christina(Kristina) (December 8, 1626 – April 19, 1689), later known as Maria Christina Alexandra and sometimes Count Dohna, was Queen regnant of Sweden from 1632 to 1654.
	www.bookrags.com /Christina_of_Sweden (122 words)

	Kristina Wasa, Queen of Sweden (1626-1689)
		1626 December 8, Kristina Wasa was born in Sweden of King Gustav II Adolf and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg.
		Chancellor Oxenstiern installed as head of regency to oversee Sweden until Kristina reaches eighteen and a select group of scholars headed by theologian Johannes Matthiae is chosen to oversee her education.
		Kristina is crowned queen before the council of rengents and her education commences.
	www.orst.edu /instruct/phl302/philosophers/wasa.html (1213 words)

	Zenit News Agency - The World Seen From Rome
		November marked the 350th anniversary of Queen Christina's arrival in Rome, and the Eternal City celebrated a weeklong series of concerts in honor of the great patroness of music, art and literature, whose dedication to culture earned her the title of the "Minerva of the North."
		The papal families of the Pamphilj and the Rospigliosi, as well as Queen Christina herself, commissioned these works to be performed in their own domestic settings.
		The second oratorio, recounting the story of the conversion and penitence of St. Pelagia, was written for Queen Christina's court in 1677 by Alessandro Stradella.
	www.zenit.org /english/visualizza.phtml?sid=80137 (1582 words)

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