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	Encyclopedia: Questioned document examination
		Questioned document examination is known by many names including forensic document examination, document examination, diplomatics, handwriting examination, and sometime handwriting analysis, although the latter name is not often used as it may be confused with graphology.
		Likewise a forensic document examiner is not to be confused with a graphologist, and vice versa.
		Questioned document examination is known by many names including forensic document examination, document examination, handwriting examination, and sometime handwriting analysis, although that name is not considered appropriate since it might be confused with graphology.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Questioned-document-examination (598 words)

	Questioned document examination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fledgling examiners in the later stages of training can get a glimpse into the legal process as well as a better sense of this aspect of their work through participation in a mock trial or by attending actual court hearings to observe the testimony of qualified examiners.
		A document examiner may be certified by the American Board of Forensic Document Examiners, Inc. (ABFDE), which was formed in 1977 with a grant from the U.S. Department of Justice.
		Courts must assess the credibility of the document examiner as an expert witness and to do this they will often rely upon the examiner’s reputation in the profession together with his or her affiliations with credible professional organizations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Questioned_document_examination (1388 words)

	Document - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Traditionally, the medium of a document was paper and the information was applied to it as ink either by hand (to make a hand-written document) or by a mechanical process (such as a printing press or a laser printer).
		Documents in all forms are frequently found to be material evidence in criminal and civil proceedings.
		The forensic analysis of such a document falls under the scope of questioned document examination.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /document.htm (477 words)

	for.doc.n
		The historical and legal backgrounds that ultimately led to document examination or document evidence being accepted by the courts came about due to the reliability and repetibility of the results obtained by bona-fide practitioners in the examination of documents.
		Early document examiners were known as "handwriting experts" as their work centred largely on handwriting and signature examinations.
		Although examiners may be qualified to offer testimony in court after satisfactory completion of the training programme, this does not indicate that they have the same degree of knowledge as a senior document examiner.
	www.pimall.com /nais/n.foren.html (3690 words)

	ACFE Article: From the Naked Eye to DNA, Part One: Documents Contain More Evidence Than You Think (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fraud examiners are conditioned by our education and experience to look at the numbers, words, and notations on a document to try to fathom their meaning.
		In evaluating expert testimony, it is important to understand that a conservative document examiner will always give an opinion that is less definitive than what he or she knows to be true.
		Extraordinarily well-qualified document examiners have spent their entire careers in law enforcement but are not certified by anybody.
	www.cfenet.com /Resources/Articles/ViewArticle.asp?ArticleID=209 (2220 words)

	qdocs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Included under questioned document examination are the following disciplines, a few of which I will hit on this this section: handwriting, typewriting, photocopying and computer printers, forgery, paper and inks, writing instruments, computer disks, gambling machinery, stamps (as in the rubber pad kind) and the dating of documents.
		By examining these details and variations in a questioned sample and comparing them to a sample of known authorship, a determination can be made as the whether or not the authorship is genuine.
		With a laser printer, the image of the original document (held by the computer in its memory) is written to the photosensitive drum by use of a laser.
	home.earthlink.net /~thekeither/Forensic/page4.htm (756 words)

	Famous Document Examination Cases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Upon close examination it was found that in tearing away the dated portion of the form, the tail of the comma in the address was still visible, and the position on the paper of that comma tail proved that the form could not have been the January 8th form.
		A questioned document examiner gave the preliminary opinion that the will might have been written by Howard Hughes, and the Mormon Church filed the will in the Las Vegas county court which is where jurisdiction of the estate had settled.
		A document examiner concluded that the writing on the outer envelope and the slip of paper was probably disguised writing of Melvin Dummar.
	qdewill.com /cases.htm (2184 words)

	Paul A. Osborn & Son: Forensic Document Examination, Expert Testimony
		In response to this professional mandate, the American Board of Forensic Document Examiners, Inc. was organized in 1977 to provide, in the interest of the public and the advancement of the science, a program of certification in forensic document examination.
		The objective of the board is to establish, enhance and maintain as necessary, standards of qualification for those who practice forensic document examination and to certify as qualified specialists those voluntary applicants who comply with the requirements of the board.
		To engage upon and to encourage scientific research and development in document examination and related matters and to disseminate the results by presentation at annual meetings and by publication.
	www.osbornandson.com /profess.html (539 words)

	Questioned Document Section
		Where a question, such as authorship or authenticity, arises in reference to a document, the document should be submitted to a Questioned Documents Examiner.
		The terms forensic documents examinations (examiners) should be considered interchangeable with the terms questioned documents examinations (examiners) in light of the fact that "forensic" is typically defined as "pertaining to legal proceedings".
		Questioned Documents Examiners are regularly called upon to render expert testimony in both criminal and civil court proceedings.
	maafs.org /questioneddocuments.htm (299 words)

	Contact a Document Examiner
		This is the realm of the forensic document examiner.
		Forensic Document Examination relies upon a combination of principles used successfully for the past century, and techiques and technology that are at the leading edge of 21st century science.
		Tour of a forensic document examination laboratory Read about famous document cases, and if you have a document problem that requires an expert document examiner, the contact section is the place to go.
	www.qdewill.com (617 words)

	Evidentiary Document Examination Adelaide Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Alteration, erasure, substitution of other writing and so on are types of forgery, and forensic document examination is concerned with the detection and proof or forgery, or, where forgery has been alleged but did not occur, with vindicating the questioned document.
		Forensic handwriting examination is concerned with identity of a writer and with the genuineness of documents.
		The document examiner does not meet the person whose handwriting is the subject of the examination, and generally knows nothing of that person and has no detailed knowledge of the case at law.
	www.view.net.au (1081 words)

	TSWG.gov - Investigative Support and Forensics
		Questioned document examination projects seek to standardize criteria and establish scientific basis for document and handwriting examinations.
		Questioned document examination, which encompasses forgeries, tracings, and disguised handwritings, includes writing or typing in different languages and sets of characters.
		Impression evidence examination projects develop unique means for identification of firearms, tools, and other implements through unique comparison of microscopic impressions on questioned and authenticated specimens.
	www.tswg.gov /tswg/isf/isf_ma.htm (699 words)

	1581 - DOCUMENT EXAMINER II, AUDITOR-CONTROLLER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Examines evidence such as handwriting and document characteristics involved in the investigation of questioned County warrants and other documents to detect forgery or to determine their authenticity.
		The documents examined include county warrants and other documents questioned primarily in connection with the investigation of forgeries and welfare fraud.
		May analyze and examine questioned documents for County, state and federal investigators and law enforcement officers primarily on matters pertaining to welfare fraud investigations.
	www.lapublichealth.org /dhr/public/cs/csdetail.cfm?item=1581 (243 words)

	Questioned Document Examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		QDE, or Questioned Document Examination, has been a profession at least since 1870, and frequently is found in cases of forgery, counterfeiting, mail fraud, kidnapping, con games, embezzlement, gambling, organized crime, white collar crime, art crime, theft, robbery, arson, burglary, homicide, serial murder, psychological profiling, and deviant sex crime.
		It's therefore important that samples, exemplars, or specimens (all synonymous terms for documents of known origin) be obtained under conditions as similar as possible to the conditions present at the time the disputed, doubtful, or original (all synonymous terms for questioned documents) was created.
		QDE experts must consider all these things, and make an informed judgement (usually in consultation with an investigator or attorney) based on their familiarity with handwriting dynamics (e.g., appearance, laborious movements, rhythm).
	faculty.ncwc.edu /toconnor/425/425lect05.htm (2210 words)

	Spectrum Questioned Document
		Forensic Document Examination or Questioned Document Examination is the scientific study, analysis and comparison of questioned or disputed handwritings or documents for authentication or legal purposes.
		The examination is conducted by a qualified expert whose findings may be presented as testimony in a court of law.
		A qualified handwriting or document expert is one who has been specially trained in the analysis and comparison of questioned documents and whose competency and experience is sufficient to be court-qualified to testify in a court of law.
	iwhome.com /spectrum/qd.htm (142 words)

	ScienceDaily: Questioned document examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Questioned document examination is known by many names including forensic document examination, document examination, diplomatics, handwriting examination, and sometime handwriting analysis, although that name is not considered appropriate since it might be confused with graphology.
		Treatment Of Down Syndrome In Mice Restores Nerve Growth In Cerebellum (January 31, 2006) -- Researchers at Johns Hopkins restored the normal growth of specific nerve cells in the cerebellum of mouse models of Down syndrome that were stunted by this genetic condition.
		Archaeologists Uncover One Of Biggest Medieval Graveyards (January 31, 2006) -- University of Leicester archaeologists are beginning work on examining the largest discovery of medieval skeletons -- numbering 1,300 -- to be found outside London.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/questioned_document_examination (1867 words)

	Advances in Document Examination: The Video Spectral Comparator 2000 by Mokrzycki (Forensic Science Communications, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The document examiner is also capable of temporarily storing and mixing different images, thereby enabling distinct images to be overlaid or compared side by side.
		The VSC2000 is capable of examining various characteristics of inks such as the absorption and reflectance properties using nondestructive methods and then producing graphs of the resulting spectrum.
		Using variable light sources to conduct document examinations is not new; however, the VSC2000 allows the user to select filter and light combinations at the touch of a button and capture desired images faster than with conventional photography.
	www.fbi.gov /programs/lab/fsc/backissu/oct1999/mokrzyck.htm (1652 words)

	Gideon Epstein, MFS - Forensic Examiner of Questioned Documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I would be please to assist you with any type of questioned document examination problem.
		If you have a document that has been altered or counterfeited; a medical malpractice case where medical records are in dispute; or any other document verification problem, I can be of assistance to you.
		Pro Bono cases accepted for indigent clients where a forensic document examination is very important to the case.
	www.gideonepstein.com (162 words)

	Questioned Document Examination FAQs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Often the examiner's opinion must be qualified due to limitations on the examination process due to submission of non-original documents.
		A fax of a questioned document is usually of very little use for comparison of handwriting.
		Of course, there are document questions about the faxing process itself, but those are best handled by examination of the actual faxed documents rather than a fax of the fax..
	www.qdewill.com /qdefaq.htm (464 words)

	Tracking the White Salamander - Chapter 5
		Under ultraviolet examination, on several of the questioned documents, there was a one-directional running of the inks or a constituent part of the inks, as if they had been wet.
		William Flyn said that "The initial examination disclosed that the papers...appear to be genuine period papers—that is to say...the morphology of the paper conformed to the papers that would have been available...throughout the 19th century." Kenneth Rendell indicated that it was fairly easy to get paper dating back to the 19th century.
		Document examiner George Throckmorton said that he examined the negative Hofmann obtained and found it to be the source of the printed notes: "This negative was used to make a plate.
	www.utlm.org /onlinebooks/trackingch5.htm (9878 words)

	Majikthise : The epistemology of document examination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A questioned document examiner should also be able to pronounce on the expected variability in a particular type of sample.
		I'd have to question the integrity of the CBS team behind the story if I had evidence that she and her colleague explicitly told CBS that the documents were fake or even that they weren't credible enough to base a story on.
		It's worth pointing out that word processing software was not designed to mimic typewritten documents, but typeset documents, and the two are not the same (this is why, for instance, it's correct to doublespace after a period on a typewriter and not on a computer: computers space after periods like typesetters, not typewriters).
	majikthise.typepad.com /majikthise_/2004/09/the_epistemolog.html (3206 words)

	Contraband Detection Equipment - Sas R& D, Inc. - sasrad.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The FD-13 is a versatile yet compact portable forgery detection system, for the examination of all types of suspect documents where mains power may not be available.
		The system is particularly useful for officials and immigration officers who need to examine travel documents at aircraft steps, airport departure gates or on board ships and trains.
		The RDC-8 is a robust, cost effective instrument for the examination of all types of documents where speed and efficiency are the first priority.
	www.contrabanddetectors.com /forgery.htm (862 words)

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