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Topic: Quilombo dos Palmares

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	Zumbi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A quilombo was a refuge of runaway slaves.
		Quilombo dos Palmares was a self-sustaining republic of Maroons escaped from the Portuguese settlements in Brazil, "a region perhaps the size of Portugal in the hinterland of Bahia" (Braudel 1984 p 390).
		By 1678, the governor of the captaincy of Pernambuco, Pedro Almeida, weary of the longstanding conflict with Palmares, approached its leader Ganga Zumba with an olive branch.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quilombo_dos_Palmares (543 words)

	Palmares (quilombo) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a quilombo, a settlement of runaway and free-born African slaves, founded around 1600 in the Serra da Barriga hills of northeastern Brazil.
		Palmares successfully defended itself militarily against several attempts by Dutch and, later, Portuguese colonial powers to destroy it and kill or capture its citizens.
		Cerca do Macaco, the main settlement, fell; and Zumbi was wounded.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palmares_(quilombo) (373 words)

	Zumbi - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Zumbi (1655 - November 20, 1695, pronounced: "Zoom-bee") was the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil.
		Forced to defend against repeated attacks by both Dutch and Portuguese colonial powers, the warriors of Palmares were expert in capoeira, a martial arts form developed in Brazil by African slaves in the 1500s.
		An African known only as Zumbi was born free in Palmares in 1655, but was captured by the Portuguese and given to a missionary, Father Antonio Melo when he was approximately 6 years old.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Zumbi (596 words)

	Zumbi dos Palmares (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Zumbi was born inside the "Quilombo dos Palmares" (largest maroon colony of escaped slaves), 1655.
		The "Quilombo dos Palmares" fought for 65 years against Portuguese & Dutch colonizers, but was finally destroyed in 1694 by Domingos Jorge Velho and his troops.
		His head was brought by the authorities to a public Plaza at the "vila do Recife" to show the people that he was not immortal.
	www.capoeiranyc.com /zumbi.html (188 words)

	Palmar
		Palmares is a municipality in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, located at.
		Palmares is also the name of a legendary, powerful quilombo located in Brazil, before it was destroyed by Portuguese artillery in 1694.
		Palmares Paulista is a municipality/county in the state of São Paulo in Brazil.
	www.frozenup.com /pages9/63/palmar.html (422 words)

	Assata Speaks - Hands Off Assata - Let's Get Free - Revolutionary - Pan-Africanism - Black On Purpose - Liberation - ...
		Palmares was a state founded by maroons, or runaway slaves, which flourished in Northeastern Brazil throughout most of the seventeenth century.
		As was so often the case in the long history of wars against Palmares, the soldiers found the settlement virtually abandoned when they arrived; the Palmarinos would receive advance word of expeditions from their spies in the colonial towns and sugar plantations or engenhos.
		The external history of Palmares from the expulsion of the Dutch in 1654 to the destruction of Palmares in 1694 is one of frequent Portuguese incursions - sometimes more than one a year - and Palmarino reprisals and raids.
	www.assatashakur.org /forum/printthread.php?t=296 (3739 words)

	[No title]
		These runaway African slaves settled in the land of Palmares, forming a village known as the "Quilombo dos Palmares" (the refuge of the fl people in the land of the palm trees).
		In the Quilombo dos Palmares, the slaves lived the experience of their African culture freely; men, women and children lived in equality respecting one another.
		For some of the fls who decided to continue living in the quilombos, the land was taken away from them, but they had to pay for the right to live on the land through their hard work.
	www.blythe.org /nytransfer-subs/2001-South_America/News_from_Brazil,_No.459-Nov_22,_2001 (1642 words)

	Capoeira
		This Quilombo led by King Ganga Zumba and later King Zumbi offered the example of one of the few democratic and free societies in Brazil during the period of enslavement.
		Quilombo dos Palmares offered fierce resistance to the invading Portuguese armies who wanted very badly to see it destroyed, so much so, that they sent seven armies and spent almost 100 years trying to bring about the destruction of Palmares.
		In 1695 the Portuguese were finally successful and Palmares was disbanded in series of intense battles, however, many survived and took their Capoeira with them so that it could live on today.
	www.negogato.org /capoeira.html (410 words)

	Capoeira Legends: Association of Schools of Capoeira
		Manuel dos Reis Machado (born 23/11/1900 - died 05/02/1974), along with Pastinha is one of the "fathers" of all modern Capoeiristas.
		Palmares was the longest standing quilombo, and had its own complex social order and structure, made up of runaway slaves, native people, and those born free in the quilombo.
		Zumbi fought against the quilombo invaders and in the end, rather than be captured, he leapt off a cliff and died.
	www.melcapoeira.netfirms.com /capmest.htm (765 words)

	Slave Routes - Americas and Carabbean
		The history of Quilombo dos Palmares still inspires many fl activists today who are fighting for their liberation, human rights, dignity, respect and equality.
		As the leader of the Quilombo of Palmares, Zumbi kept his community united and strong in the face of colonial opposition.
		Maria do Carmo Jeronimo, was a former slave who, according to her baptismal records, was born into slavery on March 5, 1871, in the southeastern city of Carmo de Minas.
	www.antislavery.org /breakingthesilence/slave_routes/slave_routes_brazil.shtml (1943 words)

	[No title]
		Palmares began to affect the life of the plantations as more and more of the slaves escaped.
		The slaves took advantage of this situation and with assistance from the Quilombo dos Palmares left the plantations and fought the Portuguese Army.
		Mestre Bimba was born Manoel dos Reis Machado on November 23, 1899 in Engenho Velho de Brotas, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, one of several sons of Luiz Candido Machado and Maria Martinha do Bonfim.
	www.chez.com /grupocapoeirabrasil/HIST-ENG.htm (1813 words)

	americas.org - Quilombolas protest against Aracruz Cellulose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Quilombo was the name given to communities of escaped slaves during the colonial period in Brazil.
		The most famous quilombo settlement was in an area called Palmares in north east Brazil, named after the wild palms growing on the hills.
		Zumbi was eventually taken prisoner and beheaded in November 1695 and almost 100 years of quilombo resistance came to a close.
	www.americas.org /item_25409 (869 words)

	Capoeira History & Philosophy!
		The "Quilombo dos Palmares" fought for many years and was finally destroyed in 1694 by Domingos Jorge Velho and his troops.
		Mestre Bimba was born on November 23rd, 1900, at the "bairro do Engenho Velho" in Salvador-BA.
		I have chosen the Raízes do Brasil Capoeira School in Greenwich Village for its centrality and accessibility to Capoeira students residing throughout the New York City metropolitan area and because of the approachability of the key respondent, the school's professor, Eduardo.
	www.capoeiranyc.com /study.html (2573 words)

	Rebel slave again a symbol to mixed-race Brazilians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Three centuries have passed since Zumbi commanded the Quilombo dos Palmares, the largest community of runaway slaves in the Americas.
		But the laws are rarely enforced, and most fls do not have the economic, educational or political means to enforce their rights.
		The most famous was the Quilombo dos Palmares in the Serra da Barriga, Portuguese for "belly mountains" because they resemble a man lying face up.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/96/01/03/brazil.html (856 words)

	BRAZZIL - News from Brazil - Palmares, Zumbi and Blacks - October 95 cover story
		The external history of Palmares from the expulsion of the Dutch in 1654 to the destruction of Palmares in 1694 is one of frequent Portuguese incursions — sometimes more than one a year — and Palmarino reprisals and raids.
		Thus we have permitted the Palmares Foundation, of limited scope, to administer at a deficit the activities at the Serra da Barriga, without the participation of the militant sector.
		William Javier Nelson, Ph.D. The upcoming events commemorating Palmares -- the slave republic in the jungles of Brazil -- and the centennial of birth of its leader Zumbi point to some dilemmas and contradictions faced by the hemisphere's two largest and best-known ex-slave societies: the United States and Brazil.
	www.munair.com /Zumbi.html (5633 words)

	Brazil - Brazzil Mag - Brazil: There Was Never a Black Like Zumbi
		The Palmares Cultural Foundation, which is named after the maroon settlement in the backlands of the state of Pernambuco that served as a refuge for escaped Brazilian slaves during most of the 17th century, is at the forefront of the modern fl movement in Brazil.
		Palmares, known as the Quilombo (an Angolan word for a male military society or camp) dos Palmares, because of the wild palm trees that grew there, was founded in Pernambuco in 1597 by some 40 slaves who escaped from a local sugar plantation.
		The final destruction of the Quilombo dos Palmares occurred shortly after the death of Zumbi, but only after it was attacked numerous times by an invading force of over ten thousand men.
	www.brazzilmag.com /content/view/839/42 (1422 words)

	Brazil: Waiting for their Land of Freedom by Marlinelza B de Oliveira
		There are also quilombos formed by lands where the slaves were fattened to be sold, or through lands donated or abandoned by former landlords.
		This quilombo occupies an area of 400 hectares and is a group of 30 families, all descendants of slaves.
		While organization working with the quilombos understand the bureaucratic hurdles, they point out that there is a racist streak in Brazilian society, which seeks to deny the Afro-Brazilian people their properties.
	www.boloji.com /wfs4/wfs493.htm (1300 words)

	* Irene's Country Corner * - Independence Day
		In 1670, the "Quilombo dos Palmares" (place where African slave refugees used to hide) reaches a population of 50.000 refugees.
		An African called Zumbi dos Palmares is their great leader.
		In 1763, the capital of Brazil is transferred from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro due to its better localization in relation to the region of the mines that should be protected to avoid foreign invasions.
	www.irenescorner.com /home/holidayscorner/holidays/independence/independenceday.htm (681 words)

	Issues in Native Brazilian Performance Studies
		I have recently initiated a research about the Quilombos dos Palmares, a famous republic created by former slaves in the Northeast of Brazil between 1630 until 1695.
		The Kariri-Xocó group, which had lived near Serra da Barriga, Palmares’ area, still believed that they are the people that taught the Africans about the most important spots in the mountains where they could hide themselves and organize their defense as guerilla movements.
		Palmares is just a primary example of the exploration of how a focus on performance can open significant new areas of investigation.
	hemi.nyu.edu /course-rio/perfconq04/materials/text/phoenix.html (1865 words)

	:: rogerebert.com :: Reviews :: Quilombo (xhtml) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In Brazil, the word quilombo refers to a community of free men, and it carries with it an echo of the original Quilombo dos Palmares, or Palm Nation, which was founded in the early 17th century by runaway slaves in the forests of northeastern Brazil.
		No doubt by now the legend of Palmares has been liberally rewritten in fantasy and myth - it is presented in this movie as a sort of democratic utopia - but it remains an important symbol in the history of a nation that claims to be color-blind.
		"Quilombo" is Carlos Diegues's new film about the century-long rise and fall of Palmares, but it is not simply a historical epic.
	rogerebert.suntimes.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19860606/REVIEWS/606060302/1023 (430 words)

	Capoeiracre Australia - Professor Borracha
		It is believed that one of the earliest forms of Capoeira was born* in the Quilombos.
		Manuel dos Reis Machado, known as "Mestre Bimba" was born November 23rd, 1899, at the "bairro do Engenho Velho" in Salvador-BA, Brazil.
		Capoeira Angola was characterized by: a high degree of combat simulation in which the mere suggestion of an attack should be acknowledged; a focus on rituals, strategy and tactics of the game; and an emphasis on playfulness and theatrics of the movement.
	www.capoeiracre.com /oz/whatis.htm (1276 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Zumbi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Zumbi (1655 - November 20, 1695, pronounced: {{IPA/Ëzumbi/}}) was the last of the leaders of the '''Quilombo dos Palmares''', in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil.
		thumb300pxright''Capoeira or the Dance of War'' by Johann Moritz Rugendas, 1835Forced to defend against repeated attacks by Portuguese colonial power, the warriors of Palmares were expert in capoeira, a martial arts form developed in Brazil by African slaves in the 1500s.
		Category:1655 births Category:1695 deaths Category:History of Brazil Category:Slavery Category:Afro-Brazilians Category:Humanitarians Category:Slave rebellions he:×—×•××‘× ××¤××××¨×¡ it:Zumbi ka:á—á£áá‘á pl:Zumbi pt:Zumbi dos Palmares nl:Zumbi
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Zumbi (565 words)

	Zumbi dos Palmares (English version)
		For the slaves, Palmares is the Promised Land.
		quilombo is regimented and there is guerrilla warfare; fires in the cane fields all the way to the ports of Recife and Porto Calvo.
		I see that he is invited to take part in the war against Palmares in return for a fifth of the value of the fls recaptured, plus land and pardon for any crimes committed by his men.
	www.vidaslusofonas.pt /zumbi_dos_palmares2.htm (4135 words)

	terra livre - film summary
		Brazil's MST, the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra, is the world's largest social movement and the worlds largest social movement for land reform and one of the most successful grassroots social movements in recent history.
		After the dissolution of COOPCAL, Dona Lina and her family decide to join another encampment, Quilombo dos Palmares, beginning again the process of occupation in an effort to secure legal ownership of another piece of land.
		When, Santa Teresinha is invaded in 2003 in order to establish the MST camp, Quilombo dos Palmares, Alexandre is left with 10% of his land and watches as hundreds of his cows die of hunger and hundreds of acres are left unplanted.
	www.projectilearts.org /mst/filmSummary (1409 words)

	Zumbi
		The epic of Palmares — a state founded in the 17th century by runaway slaves, in Northeastern Brazil —; has taken on a life of its own.
		The external history of Palmares from the expulsion of the Dutch in 1654 to the destruction of Palmares in 1694 is one of frequent Portuguese incursions
		Palmares was such that many colonials opposed war with the Palmarinos, and in the 1670s there was widespread opinion that establishing peace with Palmares was the best way to achieve stability in the colony.
	www.bpsindy.com /gooddeeds/zumbi.htm (3520 words)

	Bahia Revisited Film Festival
		Based on the true story of the "Quilombo dos Palmares" (The Black Nation of Palm Trees), the independent republic that was established in Brazil during the 17th century by Africans who had escaped from slavery.
		The Quilombo dos Palmares accommodated more than 20,000 Africans and native Brazilian Indians who had fled from enslavement by the Portuguese and Dutch in the northeastern region of Brazil.
		Their resilience enabled them to resist attacks by the colonial authorities for around one hundred years, from 1590, when the first news of the uprisings came out, to the end of the 1600's, when Palmares was destroyed.
	www.icafphilly.org /film_fest.htm (439 words)

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