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Topic: Quintessence (physics)

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	Quintessence - physicsworld.com
		For quintessence, however, the gravitational force is repulsive, and this causes the expansion of the universe to accelerate.
		Quintessence is a dynamic, time-evolving and spatially dependent form of energy with negative pressure sufficient to drive the accelerating expansion.
		Quintessence, a sublime substance, may permeate the universe, marking an end to the epoch that saw the formation of stars and galaxies, and the beginning of an epoch of cosmic acceleration.
	physicsworld.com /cws/article/print/402 (5529 words)

	Meek WIMPS, dark matter, the quintessence, and the Pentecost
		So the word quintessence has a direct relationship to the basis of the Bible using the 4 elements of earth, water, air, fire and then quintessence which spiritually would be the new mind or the Christ consciousness.
		Quintessence is dynamic, and generally has a density and equation of state that varies through time and space.
		Then the physics connection to Quintessence used by science to describe an invisible and untrackable power or force in the universe also equated with dark energy, dark matter, and phantom energy.
	www.spiritandflesh.com /physics_Meek_WIMPS_dark_matter_quintessence_Pentecost.htm (1498 words)

	Quintessence (physics) Encyclopedia Article @ HubOfTheUniverse.com (Hub of the Universe) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In Quintessence, quintessence is a hypothetical form of phantom energy postulated as an explanation of observations of an Main Page.
		Quintessence is dynamic, and generally has a density and equation of state that varies through time and space.
		In these models, the quintessence field has a density which closely tracks (but is less than) the radiation density until Categories, which triggers quintessence to start having characteristics similar to University of Bonn, eventually dominating the universe.
	huboftheuniverse.com /encyclopedia/Quintessence_(physics) (406 words)

	A Dark Force in the Universe: Science News Online, April 7, 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Quintessence takes on a different form and strength depending on what time it is in the universe.
		Quintessence, or dark energy, could be a linchpin that holds together both old and new physics.
		If quintessence proves correct, then the amount by which space has stretched over the past few billion years is less than if dark energy is the vacuum energy.
	www.sciencenews.org /20010407/bob14.asp (2331 words)

	Dark Energy
		The names "quintessence," "vacuum energy density," "lambda," "cosmological constant" and "dark energy" are all synonymous.
		Quintessence is aa propossal of Paul Steinhardt, and consists of a scalar field that permeates the space
		Quintessence is a propossal of Paul Steinhardt, and consists of a scalar field that permeates the space
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=4318 (525 words)

	Omega Point Institute \| Jonathan McGregor Bethel \| Future Studies - Technological Singularity - Transhumanism - ...
		The physics of type 1a supernovae is not fully understood, dark matter is still on the loose, and there are a few unexpected features in the CMB spectrum that we do not yet fully understand.
		Quintessence is dynamic, unlike the cosmological constant, and its average energy density and pressure slowly decay with time.
		While some are difficult to distinguish from quintessence, many predict violations of the equivalence principle (which is the bedrock of general relativity) or departures from the universal 1/r gravitational potential.
	omegapoint.org /modules/news/article.php?storyid=37 (4760 words)

	Quintessence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quintessence (physics), a hypothetical form of dark energy; postulated to explain the accelerating universe
		Quintessence (Finnish band), a Finnish Nu soul band led by singer Emma Salokoski
		Quintessence (comics), a group of five powerful beings in DC Comics (Ganthet, Highfather, the Phantom Stranger, Shazam, and Zeus)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quintessence (147 words)

	Turning On the Universe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		One approach to dark energy known as quintessence assumes that a special repulsive field permeates all of space.
		Albrecht and graduate student Constantinos Skordis came up with a class of energy functions, or "potentials," for the quintessence field that uses only parameters made from simple combinations of fundamental constants of nature: h (Planck's constant), c (the speed of light), and G (the gravitational constant).
		Quintessence models are based on the concepts developed in the 1980s for a now well-accepted theory of the early Universe called inflation, which also involves an accelerating expansion.
	focus.aps.org /v5/st8.html (574 words)

	Aristotle's Physics
		Here, Aristotelian physics had to say that this kind of motion is different because it is "violent," and had to invent some mechanism to keep the cat in the air during violent motion.
		Although there was some degree of experience and observation in the physics of Aristotle, at its heart was a philosophical approach to science where the laws of nature are constructed to conform to a particular philosophical outlook.
		Although in the intellectual vanguard of physicists the feeling was that the physics of Aristotle was dead, in the curriculum of many universities in the midseventeenth century Aristotelian physics was not yet buried.
	aether.lbl.gov /www/classes/p10/aristotle-physics.html (952 words)

	Research: Department of Physics, Princeton University
		The cyclic universe is motivated, in part, by the recent discovery that the universe is entering an epoch of accelerated expansion.
		Numerical simulations of the gravitational clumping of dark matter in the early universe suggest that cold (non-relativistic) matter may gravitational collapse to form clumps that are too dense and too numerous compared to observations.
		In condensed matter physics, the focus has been on quasicrystals, novel solids with quasiperiodic atomic order which exhibit symmetries forbidden to ordinary crystals (such as five-fold symmetry in two-dimensions and icosahedral symmetry in three-dimensions).
	www.physics.princeton.edu /www/jh/research/steinhardt_paul.html (988 words)

	Print the story
		Caldwell, a professor of physics and astronomy at Dartmouth, is one of the originators of the quintessence concept.
		Enter the concept of "quintessence," named after the fifth element of the ancient Greeks, in addition to air, earth, fire, and water; they believed it to be the force that held the moon and stars in place.
		Under their thawing scenario, the potential energy of the quintessence field was "frozen" in place until the decreasing material density of an expanding universe gradually released it.
	www.physorg.com /printnews.php?newsid=6095 (1351 words)

	Finding a Way to Test Dark Energy
		Caldwell, a professor of physics and astronomy at Dartmouth, is one of the originators of the quintessence concept.
		Enter the concept of "quintessence," named after the fifth element of the ancient Greeks, in addition to air, earth, fire and water; they believed it to be the force that held the moon and stars in place.
		Under their thawing scenario, the potential energy of the quintessence field was "frozen" in place until the decreasing material density of an expanding universe gradually released it.
	www.hpcwire.com /hpc/465593.html (1198 words)

	University Graduate School 2004-2005 Online Bulletin: Physics
		Physics courses numbered below 501 that are listed in this bulletin may count toward the 30 credit hour requirement only if passed with a grade of B (3.0) or above.
		Four advanced courses in beam physics should be chosen from among the special topics courses P571, P671, and P672, with topics to be listed in a syllabus prepared jointly by the Department of Physics and USPAS.
		P635-P636 Frontier Particle Physics I-II (3-3 cr.) This course focuses on the frontier of particle physics.
	www.indiana.edu /~bulletin/iub/grad/2004-2005/physics.html (2294 words)

	Physics Today February 2002
		A Search and Discovery article titled "Farthest Supernova Strengthens Case for Accelerating Cosmic Expansion" (Physics Today, June 2001, page 17) deals with the present state of a central question in cosmology: whether or not the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
		The introduction of quintessence is uncomfortably reminiscent of the introduction of ether in the 19th century.
		Physics First: Of Insight, Pool Balls, Stasis, and the Scientist in the Crib
	www.physicstoday.org /pt/vol-55/iss-2/p73b.html (603 words)

	physics - Quintessence (physics)
		Quintessence is a scalar field which has an equation of state w (relating its pressure p
		In these models, the quintessence field has a density which closely tracks (but is less than) the radiation density until matter-radiation equality, which triggers quintessence to start behaving as dark energy, eventually dominating the universe.
		Some special cases of quintessence are phantom energy, in which w < - 1 and k-essence (short for kinetic quintessence) which has a non-standard form of kinetic energy.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/Quintessence_(physics) (182 words)

	index_html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, this is not the only duality to be found in physics.
		I have been conducting research in fundamental particle physics for five years now.
		I hope to understand the roll of computability in the particle physics and its implications on complex systems and consciousness.
	www.theoryandpractice.org /kyle/Physics (572 words)

	ScienceWeek
		Quintessence began theoretically as Einstein's cosmological constant, but in current theory it is more a time-variant parameter than a constant.
		Consequently, to explain the amount of dark energy present today, the value of the cosmological constant would have to be fine-tuned at the creation of the Universe, which is conceptually unsatisfactory and reinforces the criticism of the cosmological constant as a fudge factor.
		Quintessence is intermediate: quintessence forces an accelerating expansion, but one less rapid than that produced by vacuum energy.
	scienceweek.com /2003/sa031114-1.htm (2904 words)

	Aristotle's Physics and Astronomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		I could spend a lot of time on his physics but instead I'm just going to give you the gist.
		Folk Physics - the physical theory that people naturally develop either from innate knowledge or from interactions with the world.
		Filling up the space between the sphere of the stars and the Earth are a bunch of crystalline spheres (made of quintessence).
	www.bilkent.edu.tr /~cowley/Science-Inquiry/9-3-Aristotle.html (801 words)

	Physics Today September 2000
		In Quintessence, an updated version of his 1989 popular account of dark matter, The Fifth Essence (out of print), Krauss is back at his old tricks.
		Quintessence is actually a first-hand and very readable account of one of the most remarkable periods in the history of cosmology--the past twenty years, which exposed the deep connections between cosmology and particle physics.
		The Standard Model of particle physics opened the door: The early universe was a dilute gas of weakly interacting quarks, leptons, and other particles.
	www.aip.org /pt/vol-53/iss-9/p65.html (1061 words)

	ScienceDaily: Can An Electron Be In Two Places At The Same Time?
		Physics has ceased questioning this, becauseexperiments have confirmed it repeatedly and with a growing accuracy.
		Spin (physics) -- In physics, spin refers to the angular momentum intrinsic to a body, as opposed to orbital angular momentum, which is generated by the motion of its center of mass about an external...
		Particle physics -- Particle physics is a branch of physics that studies the elementary constituents of matter and radiation, and the interactions between them.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/10/051013084257.htm (2467 words)

	Broadcast
		Physics departments currently face significant changes in the environment in which they operate.
		Physics and physics research constantly change, and so does funding for these activities.
		The National Task Force on Undergraduate Physics formed by APS, AAPT, and AIP has launched a project to identify responses by undergraduate departments that are thriving in this environment.
	demo1.physics.wisc.edu /Colloquium/Broadcast2002.htm (1002 words)

	Science@Berkeley Lab: Looking Toward TeV, part 2 - Where Cosmology and Particle Physics Meet
		The cosmological constant is indeed constant; quintessence is quite different, an unknown force whose "pressure" on the contents of the universe changes over time.
		To decide among these alternatives — the cosmological constant, quintessence, frustrated domain walls, or other proposals — will require measurements of distant supernovae with telescopes on the ground and in space, to determine the ratio of the dark energy's pressure to its density.
		Of all the scattered pieces of physics that the TeV scale will serve to illuminate, neutrino physics is one of the most remarkable — not least because it shows up in so many different contexts.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2006/Jan/04-TEV-pt2.html (1321 words)

	dark matter --- dark energy
		But how is this socalled quintessence been discovered and why is the dark energy represented by a scalar field ???
		I know that scalar field do not interact through elektromagnetic interactions because of the spin 0 quanta that they carry.
		Dark energy was discovered because of the supernovae being dimmer than expected - in 1998, I think.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=37579 (541 words)

	ScienceDaily: Finding A Way To Test For Dark Energy
		Caldwell, a professor of physics and astronomy atDartmouth, is one of the originators of the quintessence concept.
		Physical cosmology -- Physical cosmology, as a branch of astrophysics, is the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution.
		Acceleration -- In physics or physical science, acceleration (symbol: a) is defined as the rate of change (or derivative with respect to time) of velocity.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/08/050830070323.htm (2728 words)

	Physicists Propose Search For Dark Energy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Their paper, to be published in Physical Review Letters, identifies models of dark energy which could be used to rule out Einstein's cosmological constant and explain the nature of dark energy.
		Enter the concept of "quintessence." "Quintessence is a dynamic, time-evolving, and spatially dependent form of energy with negative pressure sufficient to drive the accelerating expansion," said Caldwell.
		Under the thawing scenario, the potential energy of the quintessence field was "frozen" in place until the decreasing material density of an expanding universe gradually released it.
	www.scienceagogo.com /news/20050730015731data_trunc_sys.shtml (1739 words)

	Research in Physics & Astronomy at Dartmouth College
		The physics of the early Universe, at the interface of gravitation, particle physics and cosmology; gravitational radiation; inflationary cosmology; numerical and analytical studies of nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum fields and phase transitions (Gleiser).
		Such phase transitions, an important clue to the underlying theory of elementary particle physics, have observational consequences for cosmology, playing a role in the cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry, and leading to the formation of topological defects such as monopoles.
		At left is a slice through a simulation of the dynamics of a phase transition as may occur in the early Universe, by Prof.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~physics/research/astronomy.html (621 words)

	The Theory of Everything \| Archive \| Asimov Debate \| Programs \| Hayden Planetarium
		As we enter the twenty-first century, the leading candidate for a theory of everything appears to be string theory, which considers every particle in the Universe as a multi-dimensional entity—a string—that manifests itself in our Universe differently depending on how it twists and vibrates.
		Sylvester James Gates—Professor of physics at the University of Maryland, string theorist, and author of Superspace, or 1001 Lessons In Supersymmetry.
		Sheldon Glashow—Professor emeritus of physics at Harvard University and professor of physics at Boston University, particle physicist, 1979 Nobel Laureate in Physics, and author of From Alchemy to Quarks: The Study of Science as a Liberal Art.
	haydenplanetarium.org /programs/asimov/archive/2001 (253 words)

	Anti-gravity
		The claim - which has been rigorously examined by scientists, and is due to appear in a physics journal next month - could spark a technological revolution.
		It is quantum mechanics, the impressive-sounding name given to the grab-bag of tricks, fudges and lash-ups that constitutes our understanding of the sub-atomic world.
		Over the months ahead, another generation of physics students will be introduced to the wonders of Schrödinger's equation, wave-particle duality and the like, while the lecturers pray that no one asks too many questions about where it all comes from.
	members.fortunecity.com /templarser/antigrav.html (3886 words)

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