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| | Rome, city, Italy. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 |
 | | Among Romes many palaces and villas the Farnese Palace (begun 1514) and the Farnesina (150811) are particularly famous; others, all dating from the 17th cent., are those of the great Roman families, the Colonna, Chigi, Torlonia, and Doria. |
 | | The seven hills of the ancient city are the Palatine, roughly in the center, with the Capitoline to the northwest and the Quirinal, Viminal, Esquiline, Caelian, and Aventine in an outlying north-southwest curve. |
 | | The conflict between pope and kingor Vatican and Quirinal, as the antagonists were designated because of the location of their palaceswas not solved until the conclusion (1929) of the Lateran Treaty, which gave the pope sovereignty over Vatican City. |
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