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Topic: Quoc Ngu

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	Vietnamese Language
		Quoc Ngu evolves into the driving forces for social, cultural and political revolutions in Vietnam in the 20th century.
		The refined Quoc ngu alphabets are quite different from the first romanized alphabets used by the Catholic priests in early 18th century.
		Quoc ngu rose from the disgraceful "elective language" under the French domination to be the venerable national language of Vietnam.
	www.vietspring.org /language/modernwriting.html (1494 words)

	Vietnamese language
		Although an international and collective undertaking, the quoc ngu is generally said to have been invented by Alexandre deRhodes, a French Jesuit missionary whose Portuguese-Latin-Vietnamese dictionary was published in 1651.
		In effect, French authorities popularized quoc ngu with the objective of eliminating the Chinese-type quoc nom characters, and thereby simplifying problems of publication and drawing Viet Nam closer to Western practices.
		The secular prestige of the Chinese characters did not disappear until long after the adoption of quoc ngu, however; and its decline occurred first in the South, where Chinese classical influence was less pronounced, and Western influence was greater.
	www.vietspring.org /language/intro.html (1316 words)

	Vietnam Report
		The main scripts are: Quoc ngu and Chu Nom for the Vietnamese, Tai (for the Thai), Khmer, Cham, and Chinese; the remaining ethnic groups transcribe their own languages with Quoc ngu.
		Quoc ngu is a Latin-based script, with additional tone marks, developed in the XVI century, and adopted as the national script since 1920.
		Quoc ngu is the national script, and is taught to all children.
	www.cicc.or.jp /english/hyoujyunka/mlit4/7-15vietnam/8-15.html (2216 words)

	Cong-Huyen-Ton-Nu Nha-Trang -- Research Papers
		One of these institutions was the press, and the first French-sponsored quoc ngu newspaper was Gia Dinh Bao, started in 1865 in the Saigon area and run by Truong Vinh Ky (1837-1898), a multi-lingual scholar.
		When the literate audience expanded and printed copies were more abundant and readily available, authors no longer had the need to render their works in verse, so as to have them easily committed to memory by a few persons who would pass them on to illiterate folk by word of mouth.
		Indeed, with the quoc ngu script as the standardized medium, and with the spread of printed texts to ensure transmission free of faulty memory, prose fiction gained a solid foothold for development.
	www.geocities.com /chtn_nhatrang/modlit.html (3665 words)

	VIET NAM LITERATURE
		It was only from the 17th century that the transcription in latin characters, known under the name of quoc ngu was utilized, and in a greater part, by missionaries.
		One had to wait until the 20th century to assist to the blooming of transcriptions in quoc ngu of ancient texts nom as well as the creation of new works.
		Thus the literature in nom and in quoc ngu constitutes two expressions of a same literature, the literature in Vietnamese popular language.
	www.viettouch.com /lit/vietnam_literature_nom.html (133 words)

	Vietnamese alphabet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the Ho Dynasty, Vietnam was officially known as Đại Ngu (大虞 - Great Yu).
		However, the homograph/homophone problem is not as serious as it appears, because although many Sino-Vietnamese words have multiple meanings when written with quốc ngữ, usually only one has widespread usage, while the others are relegated to obscurity.
		Doctoral dissertation comparing learning efficiency between quoc ngu and Chinese characters
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quoc_Ngu (1991 words)

	Languages \| ViêtNam - A very special destination \| WomPom.ca \| ...
		After Alexandre de Rhodes, Quoc Ngu was further improved by foreign missionaries and Viêtnamese scholars.
		It was not until early in the 20th Century that Quoc Ngu became widely used in the local primary educational system.
		The introduction of Quoc Ngu constituted a new step in the development of the Viêtnamese language.
	www.wompom.ca /vietnam/vnlanguag01.htm (691 words)

	Vietnam - Partition and the Advent of the Europeans
		He is credited with perfecting a romanized system of writing the Vietnamese language (quoc ngu), which was probably developed as the joint effort of several missionaries, including Rhodes.
		Quoc ngu was used initially only by missionaries; classical Chinese or chu nom continued to be used by the court and the bureaucracy.
		The French later supported the use of quoc ngu, which, because of its simplicity, led to a high degree of literacy and a flourishing of Vietnamese literature.
	countrystudies.us /vietnam/12.htm (1113 words)

	Quoc ngu - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Quoc ngu - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		When China conquered the Red River Delta in the 2nd century bc, Chinese was adopted as the official language.
		Ho settled in Paris in 1917 as World War I (1914-1918) was concluding.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Quoc+ngu (103 words)

	PACIFIC AIRLINES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A number of Portuguese and Italian missionaries used Quoc Ngu to compile catechisms and Portuguese-Vietnamese and Vietnamese-Portuguese dictionaries.
		After Alexandre de Rhodes, Quoc Ngu was further improved by foreign missionaries and Vietnamese scholars.
		The introduction of Quoc Ngu constituted a new step in the development of the Vietnamese language.
	www.pacificairlines.com.vn /vietnamese/vietnam/language.asp (630 words)

	Untitled Document
		They believed quoc ngu literature should be lucid, simple, and easy to understand so everyone would be able to read it.
		This tuc ngu compares a human being to a plant: if one wants to influence a plant's shape or a child's character, then one must start when the plant is still soft and flexible and when the child is still young.
		This expression is a tuc ngu because it is a complete sentence and is meant to teach a lesson (this tuc ngu is in the poetic form of luc bat).
	www.cityofseattle.net /helpinglink/StudentWeb/webproject/html/literature.htm (2597 words)

	Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The new system, called quoc ngu, was devised as a tool for their missionary activities, including the translation of prayer books and catechisms.
		quoc ngu uses diacritical marks above or below letters to indicate variations in the pronunciation of vowels and of consonants, and differentiations in tones.
		Since most single syllables function as meaningful words identified only by tone, and each of these phonetic syllables can have numerous meanings, the diacritical marks are an essential part of the new written system.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/kb266/language.htm (495 words)

	Vietnam - Phan Boi Chau and the Rise of Nationalism
		An important development in the early part of the twentieth century was the increased use of quoc ngu in the northern part of the country through a proliferation of new journals printed in that script.
		There had been quoc ngu publications in Cochinchina since 1865, but in 1898 a decree of the colonial government prohibited publication without permission, in the protectorate areas, of periodicals in quoc ngu or Chinese that were not published by a French citizen.
		By World War I, quoc ngu had become the vehicle for the dissemination of not only Vietnamese, Chinese, and French literary and philosophical classics but also a new body of Vietnamese nationalist literature emphasizing social comment and criticism.
	countrystudies.us /vietnam/17.htm (2022 words)

	HCM3-99
		The first autograph with signature of Nguyen Ai Quoc is a document of three hand written pages in French in 1919, under the title "Voeux de l'Annam exprimes sous form de chanson," (The Wishes of Annam expressed in form of a song).
		Nguyen Ai Quoc then became a member of the French Communist Party and served in the party cell in Seine till he went to the Soviet Union in June 1923.
		In 1927, Nguyen Ai Quoc took to flight, Tuyet Minh returned to Dong Son area to live with her mother in poverty.
	www.vietquoc.com /hcm-more.htm (5557 words)

	How Much Chinese Influence In Viet Language - Asia Finest Discussion Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The modern Chu Quoc Ngu is somewhat influence by Han Chinese but to a lesser extent than Chu Nho or Han Viet.
		Chu Quoc Ngu is a writing sytem, I think what are you talking about is pure Viet word.
		Chu Quoc Ngu is a writing system, but Quoc Ngu is a language and writing system.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=10281 (1832 words)

	Vietnam - MSN Encarta
		In order to translate works of scripture, Catholic missionaries devised a form of written Vietnamese using the Latin (Roman) alphabet in the 17th century.
		This system, known today as quoc ngu (national language), was the first to indicate tones through the use of accent marks.
		In 1910 quoc ngu officially replaced Chinese characters as a means of writing Vietnamese, and in 1954 the governments of both North and South Vietnam adopted it as their national script.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552648_3/Vietnam.html (871 words)

	Learning English Online and Free ESL Classes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		BBC Learning English- Nghe, doc va hoc tu ngu, van pham, bai tap.
		English4Today- Bai tap vvan pham va bai thi trac nghiem Anh ngu.
		Quia English- Nhung hoat dông dê hoc Anh ngu.
	mcreynoldsms.org /english.htm (743 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		This writing system, called chu quoc ngu, was not widely used outside of the Catholic church until the end of the nineteenth century, when the French administration encouraged the use of chu quoc nom by all segments of society.
		They campaigned for the use of chu quoc ngu by the press, advocated sending students to France to study, collected and translated chu nom literature into chu quoc ngu, and compiled a modern Vietnamese dictionary.
		Vietnamese is a tone language; that is, the meaning of words and sentences is affected by the pitch with which they are spoken.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=82 (1059 words)

	Preservation and Archives in Vietnam
		The colonial authorities enacted a series of decrees that introduced the official use of quoc ngu and mandated the archival retention of documents with permanent value.
		Under French influence, quoc ngu also became a medium of popular vernacular expression in the early twentieth century.
		Its object is to create an international union list of Vietnamese quoc ngu titles held in the major libraries of Vietnam, France, Australia, and the United States.
	www.clir.org /pubs/reports/henchy/pub70.html (8806 words)

	languagehat.com: NAN YUEH, NAM VIET, VIETNAM.
		In the early 20th century Vietnamese nationalists realized that quoc ngu (national language), a system for writing Vietnamese using the roman alphabet plus diacritical marks that was invented by French missionaries in the 18th c., could be put to use in the struggle against colonialism.
		A native speaker of Vietnamese can lear to read & write in quoc ngu in a matter of months.
		Literacy became a weapon of national liberation as quoc ngu newspapers sprung up to carry the message of nationalism.
	www.languagehat.com /archives/000484.php (616 words)

	Portuguese missionaries and their dictionaries
		The Rhodes dictionary was printed in the Roman script (quoc ngu) and contained over 8000 Vietnamese entries with glosses in Portuguese and Latin.
		Rhodes also wrote a catechism in Latin and Vietnamese, divided into eight days, of which the top of the page for the first day is shown at right.
		Later missionaries continued to push the quoc ngu script as a means of converting Vietnam to Christianity, and it finally replaced Chinese-based writing systems to become the official Vietnamese script early in the 20th century.
	www.cjvlang.com /Dow/Port.html (304 words)

	The Southern Mandarins : Asian Collections: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress - Asian Division)
		Jesuit missionaries serving in Vietnam during the seventeenth century devised a Roman script alphabet for writing Vietnamese.
		The system, called "Quoc Ngu," replaced the Chinese characters that had traditionally been used.
		His catechism, printed in Rome in 1651, is among the earliest published works using Quoc Ngu.
	www.loc.gov /rr/asian/guide/guide-southern.html (726 words)

	In-depth Knowledge about Vietnamese language
		Before getting into the meaning, proper nouns, etc. it is essential to provide a brief history of Vietnamese language, and how many phases it had taken us to have what we call chu Quoc Ngu (the national language) today.
		The democratic characters derived from Chinese, Chu Nom, “southern script”, and finally Roman script, Chu Quoc Ngu, “national language” or “national script” which has served since 1945 as the conventional orthography throughout the country at all levels of education.
		The National Language, chu Quoc Ngu was only from the seventeen century that the transcription in Latin characters, known under the name Quoc Ngu was utilized, and in a greater part by missionaries near the end of 19th century, when French colonized Vietnam and established the regulations, laws.
	www.angelfire.com /nc/Vien/Vietnamese.html (2444 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nguyen Dinh Hoa, NTC's Vietnamese-English Dictionary, [Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group, 1995]; a reprint of an older quoc ngu dictionary, this one includes a lot of Sino-Vietnamese and other archaeic words and meanings and is very useful for reading older material.
		1998] - an extremely valuable reprint of an 1895 dictionary that reflects quoc ngu in a still evolving stage.
		The terms are also indexed to the text, which is itself an important survey of many elements of traditional Vietnamese society and culture.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /humnet/alc/faculty/dutton/Vocab.html (554 words)

	Ho Chi Minh City - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The city has hundreds of ranked hotels with over 18,000 rooms, including ten luxury 5 star hotels.
		However, backpacking travelers can easily get cheap menus and rooms in the "Western Quarter" on Pham Ngu Lao Street in District 1.
		This article or section may contain external links added only to promote a website, product, or service – otherwise known as spam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City (3576 words)

	Colonialism and Language Policy in Viet Nam
		Four writing systems: Chinese (Sino-Vietnamese), ideographic Vietnamese (Nom), romanized Vietnamese (Quoc Ngu) and French
		Colonialist and collaborationist promotion of Quoc Ngu: slow growth (1861-1905)
		Colonialist, collaborationist and nationalist promotion of Quoc Ngu: rapid growth (1905-1945)
	www.pinyin.info /readings/vietnamese_language.html (71 words)

	Viet nam Van hoa Luan - Khieu Duc Long
		He co-authored with the NLRG in 1973 “Quoc van dien giang lop 12 ABCD” (Illustrated National Literature for Grade 12 ABCD) and, also in 1973, with Mr.
		Tran the Xuong, “Quoc van dien giang lop 10 ABCD” (Illustrated National Literature for Grade 10 ABCD).
		Changes in the written language with demotic script (chu quoc ngu) replacing Chinese characters, literary composition and criticism, and research; the divorce from the Sino-Vietnamese heavy writing style
	sweb.uky.edu /~mnguy2/muclucVNVHL.htm (1494 words)

	Days of the Week in Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese - Web Links
		(English) Alexandre Rhodes and Nguyen Van Vinh -- The introduction of quoc ngu into Vietnam - The transcendental death of Mr Nguyen Van Vinh.
		Nguyen Van Vinh (1882 - 1936) was instrumental in winning acceptance for quoc ngu in the early 20th century.
		An article by Roland Jacques, translated from the French, placing a spotlight on the forgotten role of the Portuguese missionaries in creating quoc ngu.
	www.cjvlang.com /Dow/dowlinks.html (1181 words)

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