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Topic: RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer

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	ELECTRONIC MUSIC HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
		RTF primarily concerned with manipulation of acoustic sound sources (Musique Concrete).
		Clavivox synthesizer with subassembly by Robert Moog (1956).
		Incorporated the RCA Mark II synthesizer, the first major voltage-controlled synthesizer.
	www.indiana.edu /~emusic/elechist.htm (1123 words)

	RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In fact, the RCA is cited by composers of the day as a contributing factor to the rise of musical complexity, insofar as it allowed composers the freedom to write music using rhythms and tempos that were impractical, if not impossible, to realize on acoustic instruments.
		One common story is that Ussachevsky and Otto Luening effectively conned RCA into building the machine, claiming that a synthesizer built to their specifications would "replace the symphony orchestra," prompting RCA executives to gamble the cost of the synthesizer in the hopes of being able to eliminate their (unionized) radio orchestra.
		The RCA is still housed at the Columbia Computer Music Center facility on 125th Street in New York City, where it is bolted to the floor in the office of Professor Brad Garton, taking up quite a bit of precious floor space.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/RCA_Mark_II_Synthesizer (865 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> RCA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Initially, GE continued to control the RCA trademarks (including the rights to the His Master's Voice trademark and known worldwide as HMV, or Nipper, in parts of the Americas), which were then licensed to Thomson and Bertelsmann.
		RCA was formed in 1919 as a publicly held company owned in part by AT&T and GE.
		RCA was one of the leading makers of Vacuum Tubes in the USA, creating a series of innovative products ranging from octal base.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/RCA (1650 words)

	RCA - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RCA was formed in 1919 as a publicly-held company owned in part by ATandT and GE.
		RCA was one of the eight major computer companies (along with IBM, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, Scientific Data Systems and UNIVAC) through most of the 1960s, but abandoned computers in 1971.
		RCA was a major proponent of the eight-track tape cartridge, which it launched in 1965.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/RCA (1080 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer
		In fact, the RCA is cited by composers of the day as a contributing factor to the rise of musical complexity, insofar as it allowed composers the freedom to write music using rhythms and tempos that were impractical, if not impossible, to realize on acoustic instruments.
		One common story is that Ussachevsky and Otto Luening effectively conned RCA into building the machine, claiming that a synthesizer built to their specifications would "replace the symphony orchestra,"?title=prompting RCA executives to gamble the cost of the synthesizer in the hopes of being able to eliminate their (unionized) radio orchestra.
		The RCA is still housed at the Columbia Computer Music Center facility on 125th Street in New York City, where it is bolted to the floor in the office of Professor Brad Garton, taking up quite a bit of precious floor space.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=RCA_Mark_II_Sound_Synthesizer (846 words)

	RCA Information - rca scenium dlp tv
		rca jacks Initially, GE continued to control the RCA rca lyra trademarks (including the rights to the His Master's Voice trademark, or Nipper, in the Americas), which were then licensed to Thomson and Bertelsmann.
		His drive and business acumen led to RCA becoming one of the largest what is an rca jack hd rca satellite recievers companies in the world, rca transistor successfully turning rca scenium dlp tv it into a conglomerate during the era of their success.
		RCA was one of the eight major computer companies (along with IBM, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, Scientific Data Systems and UNIVAC) through most of the 1960s, rca television but abandoned computers in 1971.
	www.inanot.com /Ina-Electronics_Topics_Rc_-_Rz-/RCA.html (1212 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - RCA
		Due to their popularity during the golden age of radio, their manufacturing quality, their engineering innovations, their styling and their name, RCA antique radios are one of the more sought-after brands of collectible radios.
		In 1953, RCA's color-TV standard was adopted as the standard for American color TV; it is now known as NTSC (after the "National Television System Committee"?title=that approved it).
		RCA cameras and studio gear, particularly of the TK-40/41 series, became standard equipment at many American television network affiliates, as RCA CT-100 (external link) ("RCA Merrill"?title=to dealers) television sets introduced color television to the public.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=RCA (1647 words)

	Synthesizer
		The Moog synthesizer even spawned a subculture of record producers who made novelty "Moog" recordings, depending on the odd new sounds made by their synthesizers (which were not always made by Moog) to draw attention and sales.
		One kind of synthesizer starts with a binary digital recording of an existing sound, which is then replayed at a range of pitches.
		synthesis is the synthesis of sound by using a set of equations and algorithms to simulate a physical source of sound.
	www.mp3.fm /Synthesizer.htm (2737 words)

	RCA - MarkovPedia, the future encyclopedia
		RCA Mark II to make RCA was so strong, they effectively set the consumer electronics like RCA-branded televisions, DVD players, video cassette recorders, satellite">direct broadcast satellite communications equipment, ventures such as the US, but RCA and Gibson (greeting cards).
		RCA demonstrated an RCA retained the transistor-sized Nuvistor used in 1971.
		During the RCA Dome is sponsored by the Victor building in "catacombs" to the major proponent of Sony BMG is currently being replaced by 1975.
	www.markovpedia.com /RCA (1394 words)

	dfac.tv
		We were delighted to hear people tell us that the tonalities in Forbidden Planet remind them of what their dreams sound like.
		^ "Electronically produced music is part of the jazz fusion sound as heard in Weather Report's Sweetnighter album and Hancock's famous Head Hunters.[citation needed] Corea and Hammer soon followed, and both developed unique ways of playing synthesizers - utilizing slide, vibrato, ring modulators, distortion and wahwah.
		The Ambient Century: From Mahler to Trance: The Evolution of Sound in the Arts".
	dfac.tv (615 words)

	Definition of RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer
		The RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer (nicknamed Victor) was the flagship piece of equipment at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center.
		The RCA is often described as the "first synthesizer ever built", a title better deserved by early 20th Century electronic music instruments such as the Telharmonium or the theremin.
		Little attempt was made to teach composition on the synthesizer, and with few exceptions the only people fluent in the machine's usage were the designers at RCA and the engineering staff at Columbia who maintained it.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/RCA_Mark_II_Sound_Synthesizer (839 words)

	ipedia.com: RCA Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The seizure of the assets of Italian-owned American Marconi by the United States Navy and the cooperation between General Electric, United Fruit and Westinghouse Electric laid the groundwork for the Radio Corporation of America, RCA.
		Antitrust concerns led to the breakup of the NBC radio networks by the FCC, which breakup was affirmed by the United States Supreme Court.
		The RCA jack is an industry-standard connector for audio and electronic equipment; it is also known as the phono or CINCH/AV connector.
	www.ipedia.com /rca.html (889 words)

	dead media notes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RCA engineers Harry Olsen and Herbert Belar began research on a "sound synthesizer" in the 1940s.
		The RCA engineers spent the first years of research analyzing the songs of Stephen Foster in a futile attempt to get the machine to compose new tunes.
		The bulky RCA contraption remained the only synthesizer in existence until the mid-1960s, when engineer Robert Moog designed and constructed a modular system of voltage-controlled oscillators, amplifiers, filters, and sequencers.
	www.n3krozoft.com /dead/10.8.html (325 words)

	keymap records for sale-- early electronic/avant classical/jazz/improv/oddball/spoken/sound effects
		Luciano Berio: Chemins II (1967 for viola and orchestra); Chemins III (1968 for viola and orchestra); Sequenza VI (1967 for viola).
		Bengt Hambraeus: Constellations II (1959 for tape-manipulated organ sounds); Interferences (1962 for organ).
		The RCA Synth would a few years later be installed at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, where Ussachevsky, Babbitt, Luening, and Wuorinen all composed seminal experimental works using it.
	www.soundplant.org /store (3430 words)

	Synthmuseum.com - RCA : Mark II
		The RCA Mark II cost RCA $500,000 to build.
		On the Mark II, High and low pass filtering was available, along with noise, glissando, tremelo, and patchable resonance and attenuation sections, both giving millions of possible settings.
		His tape and tape and instrument pieces were realized using the RCA Mark II, including his masterpiece 'Philomel', for synthesized sound and soprano.
	www.synthmuseum.com /rca/rca02.html (287 words)

	Comparative Arts: A CyberEd Course: Part 9: 20th Century Music: P.4
		With the computer, sounds can be superimposed; retrograde progressions become available by reversing the numbers; and all manner of speed changes, including rhythmic augmentation, diminution, and fluctuations of tempo can be accurately programmed.
		Babbitt's Vision and Prayer (1961) for soprano and synthesizer merges the nonelectronic and electronic worlds of sound with a soprano singing live along with a tape produced by the computer (in this case the RCA Mark II Electronic Sound Synthesizer that fills an entire room at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center).
		The text by Dylan Thomas is intoned by the soprano in wide-skipping intervals, while the computer's tape deals with the tone quality and the structure of the poem.
	www.uml.edu /Dept/History/arthistory/compart/920th4.html (639 words)

	120 Years of electronic music-RCA synthesiser
		The RCA Synthesiser was invented by the electronic engineers Harry Olsen and Hebert Belar, employed at RCA's Princeton Laboratories, as a way of electronically generating popular music.
		The sound source was again the Vacuum Tube Oscillator (12 of them in the mkI and 24 in the mkII) but with a unique progammable sound contoller in the form of a punch-paper roll which allowed the composer to predefine a complex set of sound parameters.
		This allowed the mixing of generated sounds and shaping the sound with dividers, filters, envelope filters, modulators and resonators.
	www.obsolete.com /120_years/machines/rca/index.html (336 words)

	Synergy News Archive
		The sound generating and manipulating functions of this machine anticipated many of the facilities taken for granted years later on analog synthesizers.
		In front of a section of the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer, August 1999.
		The premier performance of the ensemble was at the BACH AT THE BEACON Festival at The Beacon Theater, New York City on Saturday April 5, 1997.
	synergy-emusic.com /syn_news_archive.html (1677 words)

	vr4III
		The speakers sounded rich and warm, and had tremendous powers of resolution.
		Solo violin sounded warmly expressive and delicate, as it does live, with good flow, the right color, and good integration into the fabric of the music.
		The sound lost its dynamic and visceral bass presence, and I was left with a well-defined soundstage with a sweet midrange.
	www.positive-feedback.com /Issue18/vr4III.htm (1699 words)

	Synthmuseum.com - RCA
		In 1955 Harry Olson and Belar, both working for RCA, invented the Electronic Music Synthesizer (aka the Olson-Belar Sound Synthesizer).
		(It is rumored to have been built for the artificial creation of human speech) This synth became the RCA Electronic Music Synthesizer Mark I. The RCA Mark I has 12 fixed tuning-fork-based oscillators in equal temperment, whose frequency could be divided down to produce different octaves.
		Originally, tracks were recorded onto disc (up to six at once, replayed by six styli!.
	www.synthmuseum.com /rca/index.html (129 words)

	[No title]
		Most sounds were recorded in the men's toilet in the basement of the graduate library (That snare drum that you heard was not a snare drum!).
		All the sounds except for a bass done (realized with MIDI), were created on the Buchla synthesizer and recorded to DAT with a minimum of signal processing.
		If you would like to quickly locate different sound events in the piece or you would like to see the entire soundfile while listening to the piece, it can be a better to set the overview display show a waveform line instead of a time line.
	ems.music.uiuc.edu /news/spring95/newsletter.html (13420 words)

	Dolmetsch Online - Music Dictionary R - Rd
		A mixture stop will have more than one rank, determined by the number of pipes that sound when an individual key (or digital) is pressed down.
		RCA Mark II the RCA Mark II Electronic Music Synthesizer, designed and built by Harry Olson and Hebert Belar at RCA's Sarnoff Laboratories in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1957, was basically a vacuum-tube based synthesizer controlled by a punched paper tape
		RCA Mark II from which this extract has been taken
	www.dolmetsch.com /defsr.htm (3889 words)

	usOperaweb - Charles Wuorinen Interview Spring 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There were people in the ‘30s, when sound came into movies, who tried painting directly on the soundtrack, to make sounds that way.
		And I did a couple of things with the old RCA synthesizer, which is rusting away.” [Nicknamed Victor, the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer was the flagship piece of Center equipment, developed to Ussachevsky and Babbitt's specifications, and delivered to the Center in 1957.
		Director Mark Lamos plans to make generous use of video projections, both as set design, and integrated drama, following a recent trend in stage productions large and small.
	www.usoperaweb.com /2004/autumn/wuorinen.htm (5407 words)

	Synthmuseum.com - Your Vintage Synthesizer Resource
		It is basically two complete Oberheim Xpanders hooked up to a velocity-sensitive (including release velocity), pressure-sensitive keyboard.
		There have been past attempts by other people to re-create the most popular vintage synthesizers in history, but this time the original inventor of the Minimoog, Mr.
		Bob Moog himself, has updated this all analog synthesizer for a new generation.
	www.synthmuseum.com (224 words)

	Dr Henry Olsen Biography Page
		Dr Olson determined in the late 1930's and 1940's, then published, that loudspeakers need to have a back cover on their cabinet so the out-of-phase sound waves from the rear of the speaker will not interfere with the sound waves from the front of the loudspeaker.
		The loudspeaker industry followed his advise regarding closing off a loudspeaker enclosure but for 60+ years ignored his concurrent advice to use curved loudspeaker enclosures.
		He also is one of the inventors of the Synthesizer and of analog videotape and digital video disk.
	www.usenclosure.com /OLSEN/OLSEN.htm (219 words)

	Electric [music] avenue
		Most of the time, the music made is acoustic, meaning it is physically made by the performer by means of breath or using your limbs on instruments that do not utilise electricity.
		There is a distinction, though, between instruments that produce sound through electromechanical means (such as an electric guitar) rather than with instruments that produce sound using electronic components (like a synthesizer or a computer).
		Around the same time that Malaya won its independence, two electronic instruments made their debut in 1957: a computer using a programme called Music 1, and the RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer, the world's first programmable electronic music synthesizer.
	www.tmcnet.com /usubmit/-electric-music-avenue-/2006/10/23/2004107.htm (1462 words)

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