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	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Huge potential for gene therapy
		So-called "RNA interference therapy" is difficult so this first animal success is considered a significant achievement and a proof in principle that it may also work in people.
		RNA interference is a phenomenon in which the production of proteins within a cell is disrupted by short strands of genetic material called "short interfering" RNA (siRNA).
		But RNA interference will only ever really be practical if it can be administered like conventional medicines.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/4002075.stm (572 words)

	siRNA Database and RNA Interference Resources
		RNA interference refers to the inhibition of gene expression by small double-stranded RNA molecules.
		The resulting large RNA molecules are subject to digestion by ribonuclease III (Dicer) to produce short double-stranded siRNA molecules.
		The use of RNA interference for artificially manipulating gene expression was initially limited by the activation of cellular antiviral mechanisms.
	www.rnainterference.org (736 words)

	RNA interference - Wikiversity
		Explore a user-friendly introduction to the practical medical implications of RNA interference that arise from the Nobel Prize-winning scientific research of Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello.
		RNA interference was recently discovered as a mechanism used by cells for regulating gene expression.
		RNA interference can be used to selectively reduce the level of expression of a specific protein.
	en.wikiversity.org /wiki/RNA_interference (1298 words)

	Antisense RNA
		In both mice and humans, the gene for the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) that is inherited from the father synthesizes an antisense RNA that appears to block synthesis of the mRNA for Igf2r.
		RNA interference may be the unexpected dividend of another basic process of controlling gene expression discussed below.
		Antisense RNA that is complementary to the proto-oncogene BCL-2 is being examined as a possible therapy for certain B-cell lymphomas and leukemias.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AntisenseRNA.html (2803 words)

	RNA interference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in molecular biology where the presence of certain fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) interferes with the expression of a particular gene which shares a homologous sequence with the dsRNA.
		The native cellular purpose of the RNA interference machinery is not well characterized, but it is known to be involved in microRNA (miRNAs) processing and the resulting translational repression.
		The RNA interference pathway is thought to play a role in the immune response to viruses and other foreign genetic material, especially in plants where it may also protect against the self-propagation of transposons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/RNA_interference (1805 words)

	Small interfering RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA or silencing RNA, are a class of 20-25 nucleotide-long RNA molecules that play a variety of roles in biology.
		Most notably, this is the RNA interference pathway (RNAi) where the siRNA interferes with the expression of a specific gene.
		RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SiRNA (1303 words)

	RNA interference as promising therapy for ALS
		Scientists at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland have used RNA interference in transgenic mice to silence a mutated gene that causes inherited cases of amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), substantially delaying both the onset and the progression rate of the fatal motor neuron disease.
		RNA interference is part of a complex cellular housekeeping process that protects cells from invading viruses or other genetic threats.
		To trigger RNA interference and silence a gene, short bits of double-stranded RNA are introduced in the cell, where they bind with matching sections of messenger RNA.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=8355 (838 words)

	RNA interference Summary
		RNA interference is a process in which translation of some of a cell's messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences is prevented, because of the presence of (and consequent destruction of) matching double-stranded RNA sequences.
		RNA interference is also called posttranscriptional gene silencing, since its effect on gene expression occurs after the creation of the mRNA during transcription.
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in molecular biology where the presence of certain fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) interferes with the expression of a particular gene which shares a homologous sequence with the dsRNA.
	www.bookrags.com /RNA_interference (2376 words)

	RNA interference and the mechanism of messenger RNA degradation
		RNA interference and the mechanism of messenger RNA degradation
		Yet what does remain clear is that RNA interference is a very interesting research field that will bring excitement to the scientific community for years to come.
		Ketting, R.F., Haverkamp, T.H., van Luenen, H.G., and Plasterk, R.H. Mut-7 of C. elegans, required for transposon silencing and RNA interference, is a homolog of Werner syndrome helicase and RNase D. Cell 99, 133-141.
	www.bioresearchonline.com /Content/news/article.asp?Bucket=Article&DocID={F36D0AE8-9451-11D4-8C66-009027DE0829}&VNETCOOKIE=NO (1159 words)

	RNA interference abstract (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RNA interference is already being widely used in basic science as a method to study the function of genes and it may lead to novel therapies in the future.
		RNA interference is important in the defense against viruses, particularly in lower organisms.
		RNA interference is used to regulate gene expression in the cells of humans as well as worms (Fig 4B).
	sps.k12.ar.us /massengale/rna_interference_abstract.htm (1388 words)

	The Scientist : RNA interference is inherited
		RNA polymerase, say the authors, is an essential part of a process in which interactions between two parental alleles influence offspring expression.
		Led by Mary Alleman of Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, the researchers examined paramutation at the b1 gene in maize, which determines whether a plant's stalk is purple or green.
		Scientists have shown that a sequence of tandem repeats upstream of the b1 locus is crucial for paramutation to occur: The strength of paramutation correlates with the number of repeats, and alleles that don't participate in paramutation have just one copy of this sequence.
	www.the-scientist.com /news/display/24010 (663 words)

	Advanced Information: The 2006 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
		The RNA carrying the genetic information was first believed to be the RNA in ribosomes; for several years the hypothesis was formulated as "one gene-one ribosome-one protein".
		It was known that long RNA molecules (pre-mRNA, heterogeneous nuclear RNA) are trimmed to much shorter mature mRNAs, and Sharp and Roberts therefore suggested that the mRNA sequences, the exons, are likely to be cut out from the primary transcript and spliced, while the intervening sequences, the introns, are degraded.
		However, although it was evident that RNA played a key role in gene silencing, the phenomenon remained enigmatic until the discovery of RNA interference provided a most unexpected explanation with many profound consequences.
	nobelprize.org /nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2006/adv.html (4461 words)

	RNA Interference Technologies - RNAi Mechanism Information - Invitrogen
		Recent advances in RNA interference (RNAi) technology have been nothing short of revolutionary, and could provide researchers in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries with a quantum leap in the study and treatment of disease.
		RNA interference is a dynamic tool that can be used to effectively regulate gene expression and is a crucial element in the drug discovery process.
		Interference with RNA is crucial to many types of experiments and we are committed to providing quality products to assist with these experiments.
	www.invitrogen.com /rna_interference.htm (946 words)

	Alnylam Pharmaceuticals
		RNA interference is a natural mechanism for silencing specific genes.
		RNA interference was first observed in plants, but the first crucial breakthrough in understanding the RNAi mechanism came from studies of worms.
		Induction of RNA interference using dsRNA quickly became a powerful tool for scientists to study the function of genes in many lower organisms, including worms and fruit flies.
	www.alnylam.com /science-technology/index.asp (499 words)

	RNA interference -- Downward 328 (7450): 1245 -- BMJ
		RNA interference -- Downward 328 (7450): 1245 -- BMJ
		Synthetic small interfering RNA molecules can be introduced into cells by using reagents such as cationic lipids to promote uptake across the cell membrane.
		Inhibition of hepatitis B virus in mice by RNA interference.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/328/7450/1245 (2859 words)

	AEGiS-AmFAR: RNA Interference: Teaching Cells New Antiviral Tricks - October 2002
		Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a new technology that holds great promise in all these areas.
		Small interfering RNAs are components of a larger antiviral response called RNA interference (or RNAi), a cellular defense first uncovered in flatworms and plants.
		Because these RNA strands were so short (only 21 to 22 nucleotide pairs long), they slipped unnoticed past the inflammatory response, only to be taken up by the RNAi pathway.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/amfar/2002/AM021002.html (1898 words)

	HOPES Glossary, R
		RNA - Abbreviation for ribonucleic acid; composed of many nucleotide subunits arranged in a long chain and associated with the control of cellular chemical activities; carries the information necessary to make proteins.
		RNA is introduced into the cell to disrupt messenger RNA and prevent it from being translated into a protein.
		RNA world - the RNA world hypothesis proposes that RNA was the basis of the first forms of proto-life, and then later developed into the first cell.
	www.stanford.edu /group/hopes/sttools/gloss/r.html (985 words)

	RNAi Technology Research
		RNA interference is a process of gene silencing that plays an important role in development and maintenance of the genome.
		The short 20-25 bp fragments are known as small interfering RNA (siRNA) when they are artificially introduced and microRNA (miRNA) when they are produced endogenously.
		RNA interference has become a valuable research tool since it allows the prevention of translation of specific genes by introducing siRNA complementary to the mRNA one wishes to suppress.
	www.si-rna.com (704 words)

	The RNAi Web: RNAi/RNAi Books
		Gene Silencing by RNA Interference: Technology and Application provides background in the field and describes methods and protocols for gene silencing.
		This hand-on guide to RNA interference makes the power of targeted gene silencing available to any laboratory with a basic equipment for the handling of nucleic acids.
		The ability of double stranded RNA to inhibit the expression of genes with an appropriate sequence can be harnessed to silence target genes in vitro in a new and powerful way.
	www.rnaiweb.com /RNAi/RNAi_Books (543 words)

	[No title]
		Chemical Modification Interference-- One µg of 3'-end labeled stem-loop D RNA was modified with either diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) or hydrazine/NaCl (Hz/NaCl) essentially as described by Peattie (36) and gel-purified.
		Approximately 0.5pmol of renatured modified RNA was then incubated in 10µl of 1× Rex binding buffer in the presence or absence of 25pmol of GST-Rex or His6-Rex.
		The RNA interference technology, which is used to block the expression of genes, was discovered by scientists in the 1990s.
	www.lycos.com /info/rna--rna-interference.html (478 words)

	Studying Aging with RNA interference. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RNA (ribonucleic acid) serves the role of a photocopy that is made from selected pages of the
		RNA interference is a novel technique (first reported in 1998) that has generated a buzz in
		or RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit the expression of a specific gene.
	www.immortality.org /RNAi.html (576 words)

	Inhibition of Telomerase Activity in Human Cancer Cells by RNA Interference -- Kosciolek et al. 2 (3): 209 -- Molecular ...
		Telomerase RNA was quantified by a reverse transcriptase-PCR
		The telomerase RNA content was determined by a reverse transcriptase-PCR assay as described in "Materials and Methods" using either 50 or 100 ng RNA.
		Zeng, Y., and Cullen, B. RNA interference in human cells is restricted to the cytoplasm.RNA, 8:1 –6,2002.
	mct.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/3/209 (4817 words)

	ScienceDaily: Silence The Gene, Save The Cell: RNA Interference As Promising Therapy For ALS
		Science Daily — Scientists at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland have used RNA interference in transgenic mice to silence a mutated gene that causes inherited cases of amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), substantially delaying both the onset and the progression rate of the fatal motor neuron disease.
		RNA interference is part of a complex cellular housekeeping process that protects cells from invading viruses or other genetic threats.
		To trigger RNA interference and silence a gene, short bits of double-stranded RNA are introduced in the cell, where they bind with matching sections of messenger RNA.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/03/050326011538.htm (952 words)

	Antisense RNA
		In both mice and humans, the gene for the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (Igf2r) that is inherited from the father synthesizes an antisense RNA that appears to block synthesis of the mRNA for Igf2r.
		RNA interference may be the unexpected dividend of another basic process of controlling gene expression discussed below.
		Antisense RNA that is complementary to the proto-oncogene BCL-2 is being examined as a possible therapy for certain B-cell lymphomas and leukemias.
	home.comcast.net /~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/A/AntisenseRNA.html (2611 words)

	Secret life of RNA- Stanford Medicine Magazine - Stanford University School of Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RNA’s normal role in the cell is to carry a message from a gene to the cytoplasm where it directs a protein-making assembly line.
		RNA from the extra pigment gene had conspired with the RNAi machinery to shut down the purple-producing gene.
		But she has since gotten her head around the idea of RNA as a genetic workhorse — she has found RNA molecules produced by plants that turn genes on and off as the leaf develops.
	mednews.stanford.edu /stanmed/2005winter/rna.html (1681 words)

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