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Topic: RNA virus

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	Encyclopedia: Virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Virus particles comprise a nucleic acid genome that may be either DNA or RNA, single- or double-stranded, and positive or negative sense.
		This complex of protein and nucleic acid is called the nucleocapsid, and, in the case of the measles virus, is enclosed in a lipid "envelope" acquired from the host cell, in which virus-encoded glycoproteins are embedded.
		As in the helical viruses, the spherical virus capsid may be enclosed in a lipid envelope, although frequently spherical viruses are not enveloped, and the capsid proteins themselves are directly involved in attachment and entry into the host cell.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Virus (5365 words)

	Influenza - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Influenza (or as it is commonly known, the flu or the grippe) is a contagious disease, caused by an RNA virus of the orthomyxoviridae family.
		The virus may then recombine within the pig, to form a genetically new virus which is able to infect humans and be transmitted from person to person.
		This virus is at the moment still avian adapted, and cannot be transmitted from person to person although it seems to be able to infect humans and cause mortality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Influenza (1911 words)

	RNA Virus Replication
		RNA viruses tend to have a relatively small genome (although virion size may not necessarily be small).
		The virus adsorbs to receptors on the cell surface and is internalized by endocytosis.
		RNA replication occurs in the nucleus using a virus-coded enzyme (this may be same as the RNA polymerase involved in transcription of mRNAs, or a modified version).
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /mhunt/RNA-HO.htm (3256 words)

	CBER Research Project: Molecular Approaches to Enhance Safety of RNA Virus Vaccines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		D1mutF virus had all properties of a suitable vaccine candidate; it was highly immunogenic, inducing similar titers of neutralizing antibodies in sera compared to wt, and severely impaired in its ability to cause viremia.
		West Nile virus is a known cause of fever/arthralgia/rash syndrome and encephalitis in N Africa and the Middle East.
		However, the analogous WN mutant virus, containing a substitution of D2 nt sequences for the wt WN nt sequences in the bottom half of the WN 3'-SL was viable.
	www.fda.gov /cber/research/0700209.htm (1492 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Negative-strand RNA viruses (the genome is the complement of mRNA)
		Hanta Virus or sin nombre was identified as a virus causing death in May 1993 in Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado.
		EBOLA is a newly discovered virus that caused panic and a number of deaths in several outbreaks in Africa beginning in 1976.
	www.blc.arizona.edu /INTERACTIVE/virusL2.95/virus.html (343 words)

	SARS research
		The SARS virus is a type of RNA virus, meaning that its genetic material is RNA rather than the more familiar DNA found in the chromosomes of everything from bacteria to humans.
		Messenger RNA is the intermediary that carries genetic information from the DNA in the chromosomes to the cellular protein factories, called ribosomes, where the genetic information is translated into proteins.
		Noller, an expert on the ribosome, noticed that a sharp, 90-degree bend in the s2m RNA structure is similar to a part of the ribosome.
	currents.ucsc.edu /04-05/01-03/sars_research.asp (1300 words)

	Inhibition of the protein kinase PKR by the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis C virus genomic RNA -- VYAS et ...
		of the RNA was transcribed in vitro and incubated with increasing
		Ali, N. and Siddiqui, A. The La antigen binds 5' noncoding region of the hepatitis C virus RNA in the context of the initiator AUG codon and stimulates internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation.
		Bevilacqua, P.C., George, C.X., Samuel, C.E., and Cech, T.R. Binding of the protein kinase PKR to RNAs with secondary structure defects: Role of the tandem A-G mismatch and noncontiguous helixes.
	www.rnajournal.org /cgi/content/full/9/7/858 (7682 words)

	What is a RNA Virus?
		These RNA molecules serve as messengers, and for that reason are termed messenger RNA, or mRNA.
		A typical virus might contain only about 9000 nucleotides (a few complex viruses can have up to 100,000 or more), whereas human DNA is over 3 billion nucleotides long.
		Almost all viruses (excepting the viroids and virusoids) surround their DNA or RNA with a protective coat, known as a capsid, which is built from simple proteins.
	www.hcvets.com /data/hcv_liver/RNA_virus.htm (1534 words)

	Jack's "Bugs in the News" - "Flu"
		The influenza viruses are a group of nasty viruses which have RNA (ribonucleic acid), instead of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as their basic genetic material.
		In the worst case (for the RNA organism), the errors may be lethal, and the organism won't survive.
		This virus, however, is still an influenza virus, with all of the properties of such a virus; however, now there exists a new strain of influenza virus.
	people.ku.edu /~jbrown/flu.html (1063 words)

	Paul Ahlquist
		The results show that these three virus classes share similarities in the form and function of their replication complexes and may have evolved from common precursors, supporting a significant unification across virology.
		One positive-strand RNA virus studied in our laboratory, brome mosaic virus (BMV), encodes two RNA replication proteins, 1a and 2a, that are related to replication proteins of many other positive-strand RNA viruses.
		However, some positive-strand RNA viruses replicate their RNA in association with double-membrane vesicles, appressed double membranes, or other structures whose possible relation to the spherular invaginations is unclear.
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/ahlquist.html (1298 words)

	Plant Biology Research Profile: Dr. Marilyn J. Roossinck
		Bottlenecks and population dynamics of RNA virus quasispecies.
		We have begun to analyze the bottlenecks in vertical and horizontal transmission.
		We show here that the genetic variation in a defined population of an RNA virus is significantly, stochastically, and reproducibly reduced during the systemic infection process, providing clear evidence of a genetic bottleneck.
	www.noble.org /PlantBio/Roosnk/Index.htm (1083 words)

	Molecular Clocks and the Puzzle of RNA Virus Origins -- Holmes 77 (7): 3893 -- The Journal of Virology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A virus persistently replicates in the gastrointestinal tract
		RNA viruses is highly distinctive in that it is composed of
		Molecular basis of adaptive convergence in experimental populations of RNA viruses.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/7/3893 (4439 words)

	Positive-strand RNA virus definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Positive-strand RNA virus: Also known as a sense-strand RNA virus, a virus whose genetic information consists of a single strand of RNA that is the positive (or sense) strand which encodes mRNA (messenger RNA) and protein.
		Some are positive in that they have a "sense" strand of RNA (coded information about how to build proteins) as their genetic material.
		Positive-strand or sense-strand RNA viruses are therefore as opposed to negative-strand or antisense-strand RNA viruses.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=22952 (243 words)

	HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
		Virus which has lost a gene that is essential for replication and can, therefore, only undergo productive infection if the cell that is harbouring the virus is superinfected with a helper virus that can supply the function of the lost gene.
		The virus does not contain an oncogene and it is believed that the malignant change is the result of interruption and disregulation of host DNA, by viral genome insertion.
		The origin of the virus is obscure but it is probable that infection arose in Africa.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/mmi/jmoodie/hiv2.html (1188 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The viral transmembrane superfamily: possible divergence of Arenavirus and Filovirus ...
		In other cases, even within a single virus family such as the Retroviridae, both structural modeling and more limited sequence similarity must be combined to discern the relationship [3].
		We present here a detailed model of GP-2 for Lassa fever virus, an Arenavirus associated with multiple epidemics of hemorrhagic fever with high morbidity and mortality in West Africa [11,12], and for the related lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) which has been associated with sporadic outbreaks of human disease in Europe and North America [12].
		The potential importance of such apparent conservation in the biology of these agents is underscored by noting that of the corresponding peptide sequences within the TM superfamily of proteins, that for HIV-1 forms the center of a peptide analogue shown to inhibit fusion in the nanomolar range [20].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2180/1/1 (2706 words)

	A Cophylogenetic Perspective of RNA-Virus Evolution -- Jackson and Charleston 21 (1): 45 -- Molecular Biology and ...
		RNA viruses are known for their roles in disease.
		Simian foamy virus infections in a Baboon breeding colony.
		Infection of a yellow baboon with a simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys: evidence for cross-species transmission in the wild.
	mbe.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/1/45 (6303 words)

	rna virus from Gene Link
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific and sequence dependent targeted gene silencing activity.
		The process of RNA interference varies by individual siRNA while some do not exhibit any interference at all.
		rna virus for demanding applications and consistent results.
	www.genelink.com /siRNA/rnaikitorder.asp?id=5 (198 words)

	Ded1p, a conserved DExD/H-box translation factor, can promote yeast L-A virus negative-strand RNA synthesis in vitro -- ...
		The bound RNAs were extracted with phenol/ chloroform, precipitated (Ppt.) by ethanol, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by ethidium bromide (EtBr) staining (top panel, lanes 1 and 2).
		RNA size markers (kb) are indicated to the left.
		The virus-synthesized RNA from lane 1 of (B) was used as a probe to hybridize to vector DNA alone (lane 1), vector DNA containing L-A cDNA (lane 2), single-stranded DNA containing the (+)-strand L-A cDNA (lane 3) and single-stranded DNA containing the (–)-strand L-A cDNA (lane 4).
	nar.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/32/6/2031 (5532 words)

	DNA and RNA (Retrovirus) Tumor Viruses
		SV 40 is a monkey polyoma virus that causes sarcomas in juvenile hamsters.
		If the virus is to transform a cell, in addition to, or instead, of part of the gag/pol/env genome, it must have sequences that alter cellular DNA synthesis and provide the other functions that are typical of a transformed cell.
		It appears that the virus has picked up a cellular growth controlling or differentiation gene and, after the gene was acquired by the virus, it has been subject to mutation.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /lecture/RETRO.HTM (7197 words)

	Repression and Derepression of Minus-Strand Synthesis in a Plus-Strand RNA Virus Replicon -- Zhang et al. 78 (14): 7619 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Repression and Derepression of Minus-Strand Synthesis in a Plus-Strand RNA Virus Replicon -- Zhang et al.
		Repression and Derepression of Minus-Strand Synthesis in a Plus-Strand RNA Virus Replicon
		McCormack, J. C., Simon, A. Biased Hypermutagenesis Associated with Mutations in an Untranslated Hairpin of an RNA Virus.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/78/14/7619 (414 words)

	RNA Virus 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The detection of conserved structural motifs in related RNA sequences is therefore a first crucial step towards understanding their functional aspects.
		In a previous project we have developed we have developed a set of computer methods to scan moderate size samples of RNA sequences for conserved secondary structures.
		We propose to refine and extend these methods for determining conserved secondary structures and apply them to a wide variety of different RNA virus families.
	www.tbi.univie.ac.at /research/VirusPrj2.html (342 words)

	RNA virus definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		RNA virus: A virus in which the genetic material is RNA.
		Class V viruses have a negative single-stranded RNA genome used as a template for mRNA synthesis.
		Hepatitis C - Learn and become aware of Hepatitis C — includes a complete description of the virus, transmission, prevention, symptoms, diagnosis, and forms of treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12160 (268 words)

	RNA virus -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The basis for this classification is error-prone RNA replication: All RNA viruses have very high mutation rates because they lack (Click link for more info and facts about DNA polymerase) DNA polymerases which can find and edit out mistakes.
		Although RNA usually mutates rapidly, found that the (A respiratory disease of unknown etiology that apparently originated in mainland China in 2003; characterized by fever and coughing or difficulty breathing or hypoxia; can be fatal) SARS virus and related RNA viruses contain a gene that mutates very slowly.
		(A family of arboviruses carried by arthropods) Flaviviridae: (Caused by a flavivirus transmitted by a mosquito) Yellow fever - (Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin) Hepatitis C&G
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/rn/rna_virus2.htm (424 words)

	The Bipartite 3'-cis-Acting Signal for Replication Is Required for Formation of a Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Vivo ...
		The Bipartite 3'-cis-Acting Signal for Replication Is Required for Formation of a Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Vivo between the Viral Genome and Its RNA Polymerase in Yeast 23 S RNA Virus -- Fujimura and Esteban 279 (42): 44219 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		Articles by Fujimura, T. Articles by Esteban, R. The Bipartite 3'-cis-Acting Signal for Replication Is Required for Formation of a Ribonucleoprotein Complex in Vivo between the Viral Genome and Its RNA Polymerase in Yeast 23 S RNA Virus
		of generating the virus because of the presence of non-viral
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/279/42/44219 (450 words)

	Systematic, genome-wide identification of host genes affecting replication of a positive-strand RNA virus -- Kushner et ...
		Systematic, genome-wide identification of host genes affecting replication of a positive-strand RNA virus -- Kushner et al.
		virus (BMV) is a representative positive-strand RNA virus whose
		Hepatitis C virus RNA replication is regulated by host geranylgeranylation and fatty acids
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/100/26/15764 (489 words)

	A decade after the generation of a negative-sense RNA virus from cloned cDNA - what have we learned? -- Neumann et al. ...
		A decade after the generation of a negative-sense RNA virus from cloned cDNA – what have we learned?
		The generation of segmented negative-sense RNA viruses was technically
		Conserved cysteine and histidine residues in the putative zinc finger motif of the influenza A virus M1 protein are not critical for influenza virus replication
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/83/11/2635 (739 words)

	Systematic, genome-wide identification of host genes affecting replication of a positive-strand RNA virus -- Kushner et ...
		RNA replication complexes with functional similarities to the
		Northern and Western analyses of BMV RNAs and proteins from WT BY4743 yeast and selected deletion strains with reduced BMV-directed Rluc expression.
		Northern and Western analyses of BMV RNAs and proteins from WT BY4743 yeast and selected deletion strains with enhanced BMV-directed Rluc expression.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/26/15764 (4242 words)

	A Kaposi's sarcoma virus RNA element that increases the nuclear abundance of intronless transcripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A Kaposi's sarcoma virus RNA element that increases the nuclear abundance of intronless transcripts
		The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus produces a 1077 nucleotide noncoding, polyadenylated, exclusively nuclear RNA called PAN that is highly expressed in lytically infected cells.
		This is the first characterization of a cis-acting element that increases RNA abundance of intronless transcripts but inhibits assembly of an export-competent mRNP.
	www.nature.com /doifinder/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600662 (271 words)

	RNA products: siRNA mRNA and GMP-RNA from CureVac the RNA people
		RNA products: siRNA mRNA and GMP-RNA from CureVac the RNA people
		We are dedicated to offering reliable and innovative RNA related products and services to the Life Science Community.
		GMP production available for oligonucleotides and messenger RNA (2 to 15.000 bases).
	www.rnapeople.com (104 words)

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