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Topic: RNAi

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	RNAi Applications and Vigilin in RNA Metabolism
		RNAi is a process of post-transcriptional silencing of the expression of a specific gene that exploits an ancient defense system for degrading the RNA of invading RNA viruses and other double-stranded RNAs.
		RNAi and the tiny siRNAs RNAs that mediate RNA interference and the micro RNAs that mediate a related process of translational repression have generated enormous interest and were recently named "Breakthrough of the Year" by Science (Dec. 20th 2002 issue).
		RNAi mediated knockdown of vigilin is rapid and triggers the apoptotic death of both dividing and non-dividing human cells.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /shapiro/RNAiApps.html (1527 words)

	RNAi
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in molecular biology where the presence of certain fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) interferes with the expression of a particular gene which shares a homologous sequence with the dsRNA.
		RNAi is distinct from other gene silencing phenomena in that silencing can spread from cell to cell and generate heritable phenotypes in first generation progeny when used in Caenorhabditis elegans.
		Since RNAi may not totally abolish expression of a gene, using it against a gene is sometimes referred as a "knockdown", to distinguish it from procedures in which the DNA sequence encoding a gene is removed.
	www.sciencegateway.org /resources/RNAi/index.htm (1263 words)

	RNA interference - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The most well-studied cellular outcome of RNAi is a form of post-transcriptional gene silencing in which an antisense RNA strand targets a complementary gene transcript such as a messenger RNA for cleavage by a ribonuclease.
		RNAi can be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each protein in the cell in an attempt to identifying the necessary components for a particular cellular process or event such as cell survival or replication.
		Since RNAi may not totally abolish expression of the gene, this technique is sometimes referred as a "knockdown", to distinguish it from "knockout" procedures in which expression of a gene is entirely eliminated by removing or destroying its DNA sequence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/RNAi (3347 words)

	RNAi
		RNA interference (RNAi), as the name implies, is a potent (many times more powerful than antisense) and highly specific naturally occurring cellular mechanism that interferes with the process of making a specific protein coded for by the DNA in its gene.
		RNAi is thought to have evolved as a defense against viruses and the replication of foreign genes integrated into the host DNA.
		RNAi technology is an easy way to “knock out” or shut down a gene and, indeed, its first application was as a research tool.
	www.homestead.com /cmtfoundation/Research/rnai.html (1818 words)

	RNAi goes clinical
		RNAi was first discovered in the 1990s, but hit the big time in 2002 when it was 'Breakthrough of the Year' in the journal 'Science'.
		Although RNAi is clinically promising, at least two major obstacles exist: the delivery of RNA molecules into cells and the possibility of side-effects due to cross-reaction.
		RNAi as an experimental and therapeutic tool to study and regulate physiological and disease processes.
	www.wellcome.ac.uk /doc_WTD023713.html (1190 words)

	NOVA \| scienceNOW \| RNAi: Ask the Expert \| PBS
		Designing a perfectly specific RNAi trigger might also prove a challenge, since the RNAs that confer specificity to the process are so short (22 nucleotides long as compared to our genome, which has about three billion nucleotides of sequence).
		To the extent that this might be able to rejuvenate a tissue or organ, one might imagine that RNAi might be useful for combating symptoms of aging.
		RNAi has proven useful in extending the life span of some model organisms (worms and flies), but you should bear in mind that we really don't have a good understanding of the complex processes that give rise to organismal aging in mammals.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3210/02-ask.html (1581 words)

	RNA Interference (RNAi), H2
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a way to “silence” genes by preventing the formation of the proteins that they code for.
		RNAi is a very promising new tool for treating many kinds of genetic disorders, but much more research and testing need to be done before it can be put to use.
		RNAi holds great promise for future treatment of HD but several more years of research and clinical trials need to be done before it can be widely available to the HD community.
	www.stanford.edu /group/hopes/treatmts/pbuildup/h2.html (1486 words)

	easyRNAi.net: RNAi made easy
		RNA interference (RNAi) is the process by which double stranded RNA (ds RNA) directs sequence -specific degradation of messenger RNA in animals and plant cells and some other organisms.
		In mammalian cultured cells, RNAi is typically induced by siRNA introduced directly or expressed as a hairpin structure from a DNA construct within the cells.
		RNAi Trigger - RNAi triggers are double-stranded RNAs containing 21-23 nt sense and antisens strands hybridized to have 2 nt overhangs at both 3' ends.
	www.easyrnai.net (1723 words)

	GEN Technology Updates - RNAi
		RNAi, while it most likely evolved as one defense mechanism against marauding viral genomes and as a means of gene expression control during development, has also been very good for business.
		RNAi has spawned a host of new enterprises, including those developing and applying RNAi-based technologies for drug discovery, functional genomic analysis, the development of new animal models for human diseases, and gene-silencing therapeutics to treat viral infections and cancer.
		RNAi is mediated by the enzymatic processing of long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into short-interfering RNA (siRNA) with sequence homology to the target mRNA.
	www.genengnews.com /RNAi/rnai_supp_2.aspx (1871 words)

	CHI'S DISCOVERY ON TARGET
		RNAi can be a useful tool to increase the biological understanding and infer the function of novel protein targets that can emerge from genetic linkage studies and genomics.
		RNAi screens in tissue culture are attractive because they can be conducted relatively fast and also have technical features (i..e., multiplexing, subcellular resolution) that are not easily achievable in vivo.
		RNAi has been rapidly adopted for functional genomics, pathway analysis, and drug target validation, and is now being used in genome scale RNAi screens to discover and characterize gene functions directly in human cells.
	www.discoveryontarget.com /05rnid.asp (3147 words)

	Summary of RNAi and its effectiveness against HIV
		RNAi is highly specific with regards to its target.
		Even if RNAi is focused on one target in a study, there are many ways in which it may be employed.
		RNAi can used as a mono-therapy, or may be combined with decoy RNA and ribozymes.
	myweb.dal.ca /tbaptist/rnai/summary.htm (713 words)

	RNAi as a tool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		RNAi is a ubiquitous and very flexible means of naturally silencing gene expression.
		Numerous researchers are routinely using RNAi as a technique to silence genes to better understand their function in biological processes.
		We are collaborating with a multi-laboratory, multi-institution effort called The RNAi Consortium to develop RNAi as a tool to enable scientists to silence every gene in both the mouse and human genomes.
	research.dfci.harvard.edu /rnai/tool.html (324 words)

	IGSP RNA interference Facility -- Welcome
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural regulatory mechanism conserved among many organisms in which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) directs the post-transcriptional silencing of target genes in a sequence-specific manner.
		RNAi may also be employed as a powerful genetic analysis tool for the efficient silencing of target genes through the exogenous delivery of dsRNAs.
		The IGSP and Center for RNA Biology have established an RNAi Facility for the application of RNA interference (RNAi) technologies for mammalian functional genomics.
	rnai.genome.duke.edu (266 words)

	The RNAi vs. HIV Site - RNA Interference vs. the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
		RNA Interference (RNAi) is a potential RNA based therapy that can be used to silence the effects of specific genes.
		The RNAi process makes use of a pathway that exists in most cells as a defense mechanism against foreign genetic material.
		To date, RNAi experiments have focused on such diseases as HIV, Cancer, Hepatitis C, and Huntington's disease [Nova].
	myweb.dal.ca /tbaptist/rnai (637 words)

	RNAi
		Normally when selecting sequences for the design of an RNAi experiment, whether via the use of oligonucleotides or shRNA produced from a plasmid transcript, it is necessary to test a number of sequences from the target gene to identify the most effective one.
		In the case of an RNAi screen the cell line is expressing a GFP fusion of the target gene.
		The efficacy of each RNAi construct is measured by scanning the slide using a scanner able to read GFP, such as the Genetix aQuire with blue laser.
	www.genetix.com /micro/RNAi.asp (658 words)

	Drosophila gene families: RNAi and PTGS
		RNAi - RNAi or RNA silencing is the process whereby double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces the homology-dependent degradation of cognate mRNA (Nishikura, 2001).
		In this respect, the mechanism of RNAi in flies and mammals appears to be distinct from that of PTGS, quelling, and RNAi in worms and Dictyostelium, suggesting that the pathway in flies and mammals may be more restricted in the range of triggers that can elicit an RNAi response (Schwarz, 2002b).
		RNAi pathway and heterochromatin: In fission yeast, factors involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway including Argonaute, Dicer, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase are required for heterochromatin assembly at centromeric repeats and the silent mating-type region.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/aignfam/rnaistuf.htm (13514 words)

	RNAi
		RNAi microarray has been devised and can be tailored to meet the needs for high throughput screens for identifying appropriate RNAi probes.
		RNAi is an important method for analyzing gene function and identifying new drug targets that uses double-stranded RNA to knock down or silence specific genes.
		RNAi can be rationally designed to block the expression of any target gene, including genes for which traditional small molecule inhibitors cannot be found.
	www.piribo.com /publications/research_development/rnai.html (1187 words)

	RNAi Library
		Scientists in the Hannon Lab at CSHL are generating an RNAi Clone Library consisting of at least 3 siRNAs specifically targeting every annotated gene in the human and mouse genomes.
		Greg Hannon is an expert in the areas of post-transcriptional gene silencing and RNAi.
		2002; 16, 948-958), “Germline transmission of RNAi” (Nat Struct Biol.
	www.cshl.edu /OTT/html/rnai_library.html (337 words)

	What is siRNA and RNAi from Gene Link
		The term RNA interference (RNAi) was coined to describe this phenomenon and, while the mechanism was originally observed in plants and later in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, subsequent studies have shown that RNAi is present in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms including mammals (4-6).
		For the most part, it is believed that RNAi serves as an antiviral defense mechanism although there is preliminary evidence that it also plays a role in the formation and maintenance of heterochromatin during mitosis and meiosis (7,8).
		RNAi is a sequence specific chain of events.
	www.genelink.com /sirna/RNAiwhatis.asp (1557 words)

	SMP-RNAi: SMP RNAi: Methodological Platform for Studies of Gene Functions from Cells to the Entire Organism
		The overall goal of the SMP RNAi is to develop RNAi technology into a routine procedure that allows to study gene function in vitro and in vivo at large scale.
		The SMP RNAi is structured as a research pipeline to study gene function using assays of increasing pathophysiological relevance.
		Its goal is to bring leading experts from the fields of RNAi development and application, cell biology, conditional gene mutagenesis and mouse genetics together in order to build up a scientific exchange and knowledge platform.
	www.rnai.ngfn.de (331 words)

	Ahringer Lab - RNAi
		Individual clones or the entire RNAi feeding library described in Fraser et al, 2000 and Kamath et al, 2003 can be ordered directly from Geneservice Ltd.
		After conducting RNAi screens with the feeding library, positive clones should be sequenced to verify the identity of the insert.
		We are currently exploring the possibility of having all the RNAi clones in the library sequenced, as this would be beneficial to all library users.
	www.gurdon.cam.ac.uk /~ahringerlab/pages/rnai.html (268 words)

	RNAi
		Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) exploits an ancient part of the immune system that protects plants and animals against invaders by the depletion of viral genomic RNA targets in a sequence specific manner by making use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
		Naturally RNAi is initiated by an ATP dependant, processive cleavage of the double stranded RNA into 21-23 nucleotide siRNAs by the enzyme called RNase III Dicer, and these siRNAs are incorporated in to various protein factors and form RNA induced silencing complex (RISC).
		Recent papers thus show that RNAi is functional in numerous tissues of therapeutic interest, which make it challenging for chemists to design and synthesize mimics of the native siRNA, that are stable inside the cell and can be easily delivered.
	www.boc.uu.se /boc14www/res_proj/RNAi.html (873 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Nymphal RNAi: systemic RNAi mediated gene knockdown in juvenile grasshopper
		RNA interference (RNAi) or the degradation of specific mRNA species in response to cytosolic presentation of sequence identical dsRNA molecules is a widespread phenomenon among eukaryotes.
		Systemic RNAi describes the fact that extracellular application of dsRNA via body cavity injection, soaking, or feeding leads to global and persistent gene silencing in treated individuals and their progeny [10,11].
		Nymphal RNAi, the systemic RNAi induced gene knockdown in juvenile stages of primitive insects, is therefore likely to develop into a valuable experimental tool analogous to the larval RNAi technique established for higher insects [17].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6750/5/25 (3710 words)

	RNAi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		RNAi treatment of S2 cells has proven to be efficient and reliable in our laboratory.
		For all the genes to which we had antibodies available (currently 40) RNAi treatment for 7 days resulted in a reduction of the protein levels by more than 90% (see table in Excel file, link).
		Cells were treated in 96 well plates for 5 days with the RNAi reagents, allowed to spread on a Concanavalin-A treated surface, fixed and stained for tubulin (using specific antibodies), actin (using phalloidin) and DNA.
	valelab.ucsf.edu /research/res-rnai.htm (461 words)

	GeneExpression Systems
		Surprisingly most of these mutator-mutants were found to be defective also in RNA interference or RNAi; it seems plausible that a natural function of RNAi is to protect the genome against transposon activity.
		The power of in ovo RNAi is the temporal and spatial control of gene silencing during embryonic development, a feature that is unique among vertebrates.
		In attempts to identify RNAi triggers that effectively function at lower concentrations, we found that synthetic RNA duplexes of ~27 nucleotides in length can be up to 100 fold more potent than corresponding 21mer siRNAs.
	www.expressgenes.com /RNAi-2005-main.htm (5363 words)

	RNAi Platform and Information
		More recently, we have developed and successfully implemented efficient protocols to conduct RNAi screens in primary embryonic cells, allowing to broaden the range of biological and developmental processes (e.g., neurite outgrowth and myofibrillogenesis) that can be investigated by this approach (J. Bai, K. Sepp and N. Perrimon, in preparation).
		Perhaps the most important aspect of an RNAi HTS platform is the quality of the “RNAi library” to be screened.
		The success of RNAi HTS depends on the robustness of the cell-based assay and its applicability to high-throughput screening.
	flyrnai.org /RNAi_platform.html (2194 words)

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