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	Ribonuclease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		RNase A (e.g., bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A: PDB 2AAS, EC 3.1.27.5) is one of the hardiest enzymes in common laboratory usage; one method of isolating it is to boil a crude cellular extract until all enzymes other than RNase A are denatured.
		RNase H is a ribonuclease that cleaves the RNA in a DNA/RNA duplex to produce ssDNA.
		RNase H is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism, aided by an enzyme-bound divalent metal ion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/RNase (627 words)

	Ambion, Inc. - SUPERase-In, The Ultimate RNase Inhibitor
		RNase inhibitors are typically used during enzymatic reactions to protect RNA from RNase contamination introduced from one or more of several common, but diverse sources.
		RNase A, for example, is a common contaminant on laboratory equipment and supplies because it is present on human skin.
		The highest level of latent RNase contaminants in the other RIs was observed in the absence of DTT and/or in the presence of oxidized glutathione.
	www.ambion.com /techlib/resources/superasein/index.html (1537 words)

	RNase 8, a novel RNase A superfamily ribonuclease expressed uniquely in placenta -- Zhang et al. 30 (5): 1169 -- ...
		mammals (RNase 1), angiogenesis (RNase 5) and inhibition of
		RNase 8 is closest to the telomere and RNase 5 is closest to the centromere.
		The RNase 8 genes of the rhesus monkey and pig-tailed macaque
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/5/1169 (3894 words)

	Exoribonucleases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Ribonucleases (RNases) are enzymes that play a central role in a number of vital processes in all living cells.
		RNases are also required for maturation and turnover of structural RNAs (transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs) in all cells.
		RNase activity in serum and cell extracts is elevated in a variety of cancers and infectious diseases.
	structure.med.miami.edu /exoribonucleases.html (276 words)

	Ambion - RNase Control: The Basics
		In a laboratory setting, RNase contamination problems are exacerbated since microorganisms and their derivatives (e.g., restriction enzymes, polymerases, etc.) are frequently used as essential tools or may even be the object of scientific study.
		In the presence of RNase, the oligonucleotide is cleaved and the fluorophore is separated from the quencher, resulting in a fluorescence signal.
		RNases can be introduced into RNA samples during RNA isolation (e.g., when small amounts of RNases are carried over into the preparation) or during normal day-to-day use, which inevitably leads to repeated opening/closing of sample tubes and insertion of possibly contaminated pipet tips.
	www.ambion.com /techlib/basics/rnasecontrol/index.html (2448 words)

	Promega eNotes - Applications
		RNase A, however, is a common tool used in molecular biology laboratories and is most prominently used in plasmid purification protocols to remove bacterial RNA from plasmid DNA.
		Plus RNase Inhibitor is a new recombinant mammalian RNase inhibitor capable of inhibiting eukaryotic RNases, such as RNase A and RNase B, similar to the human version of the protein.
		RNase A is a notoriously heat stable enzyme and is perfectly capable of destroying the RNA template after heating at 70°C for 15 minutes (see Figure 1, lane 6).
	www.promega.com /enotes/applications/ap0049_tabs.htm (1270 words)

	RBI - Forschung
		RNases possess therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment, as RNA damage caused by RNases could be an important alternative to standard DNA - damaging chemotherapeutics.
		Certain members of the RNase A superfamily are effective against experimental tumors and show cytotoxicity toward tumor cell lines, among them bovine seminal RNase, RNase from oocytes of Rana pipiens (onconase), two closely related frog RNases from R.
		Bacterial and fungal RNases a priori should not be inhibited by RI, because t he function of human RI is to protect RNA from the action of adventitious mammalian RNases.
	www.med.uni-giessen.de /rbi/Forschung/cytotoxische_Ribonuleasen.htm (401 words)

	RNase Inhibitor, RNases and Inhibitors, New England Biolabs
		RNase Inhibitor is a recombinant human placental protein which specifically inhibits ribonucleases (RNases) A, B and C (1).
		One unit is defined as the amount of RNase Inhibitor required to inhibit the activity of 5 ng of RNase A by 50%.
		Incubation of 200 units of RNase Inhibitor with 1 µg of RNA at 37°C for 1 hour resulted in no detectable degradation of RNA as determined by gel electrophoresis.
	www.neb.com /nebecomm/products/productM0307.asp (365 words)

	BIOL4900:RNA care and maintenance
		RNases are extremely active enzymes that do not require co-factors.
		RNases are quite difficult to inactivate and small amounts are enough to destroy RNA.
		RNases arise readily from bacteria and molds present in dust and on skin and clothing.
	www.mun.ca /biology/desmid/brian/BIOL4900/FMBcdna.html (1375 words)

	GPP - Viewbook Page for Crouch, Robert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Most organisms have two RNases H that are dissimilar in primary amino acid sequence yet have similar structural and, presumably, a common enzymatic mechanism.
		For RNase H1, we know that the RNA of an RNA/DNA fits neatly into the protein with five contacts through the 2'-OH of the ribose while the DNA strand is slightly distorted with one DNA phosphate binding to a pocket (4).
		RNase H1is related in sequence, structure, and cleavage mechanism to the RNase H of the HIV-AIDS retrovirus.
	gpp.nih.gov /Researchers/Members/NICHD/RobertCrouch.htm (793 words)

	Interaction of Human Pancreatic Ribonuclease with Human Ribonuclease Inhibitor. GENERATION OF INHIBITOR-RESISTANT ...
		RNases, with the exception of BS-RNase and onconase, are not cytotoxic.
		Panel B, RNase activity of K7A/N71A/E111A, N71A/E111A, and Q11A/E111A and the arginine mutants N88R, G89R, and S90R in the absence and presence of RI.
		RNase activity of HPR mutants on poly(C) in the presence of RI.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/27/24978 (5202 words)

	Research Description - NAME HERE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Secreted ribonucleases (RNases) have been well studied at the enzymatic and structural levels, although little is known regarding their biological functions.
		Expression patterns of S-like RNases in many species led to the suggestion that these enzymes are involved in remobilization and recycling of phosphate from nucleic acid sources.
		Secreted RNases are found in all organisms, and the RNase T2 family in particular has been highly conserved throughout evolution, suggesting they carry out critical functions in a wide range of life forms.
	molebio.iastate.edu /FacultyResearchFolder/MacIntosh/Research.html (700 words)

	Expression of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus RNase H Rescues the Growth Defect of an Escherichia coli Mutant -- Campbell ...
		A 157-amino-acid fragment of Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase encoding RNase H is shown to rescue the growth-defective
		Collinear and conserved protein sequence blocks in the RNase HI domains are indicated as I to IV, and their sequences are also shown.
		RNase H domain mutations affect the interaction between Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase and its primer-template.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/13/6212 (3166 words)

	Nucleases: RNases A/T1 Mix
		The RNase A is free of DNase activity.
		The RNase A specifically hydrolyzes RNA at C and U residues; RNase T1 specifically hydrolyzes RNA at G residues (1).
		Unit Definition for RNase T1 One unit of the enzyme causes an increase in absorbance of 1.0 at 260nm in 15min when yeast RNA is hydrolyzed at 37°C and pH 7.5.
	www.fermentas.com /catalog/modifyingenzymes/rnasesmix.htm (349 words)

	Characterization of Nuclear RNases That Cleave Hepatitis B Virus RNA near the La Protein Binding Site -- Heise et al. ...
		The RNases responsible for the 5'-CPs eluted in
		RNase L forms in mice were determined as 40 and 80 kDa (44),
		RNase L mediates the antiviral effect of interferon through a selective reduction in viral RNA during encephalomyocarditis virus infection.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/15/6874 (6885 words)

	Contributions of folding cores to the thermostabilities of two ribonucleases H -- Robic et al. 11 (2): 381 -- Protein ...
		RNase H combined with the remaining pars of E.
		coli RNase H thermal denaturation is not reversible in the absence of denaturants); (b) Guanidinium chloride melts, (c) Urea melts.
		RNase H and TCEO chimera is a difference in the structure of
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/2/381 (4388 words)

	Cloning and Characterization of a Gibberellin-Induced RNase Expressed in Barley Aleurone Cells -- Rogers and Rogers 119 ...
		Dots indicate approximately 18-kD RNase activity in both cell extracts, arrow indicates approximately 26-kD RNase activity in extract from GAR-RNase-expressing cells, and asterisk indicates approximately 26-kD RNase activity in medium from GAR-RNase-expressing cells.
		Total RNA blots were prepared and probed as for Figure 3A, except that here the RNase probe was an approximately 600-bp SalI fragment of coding sequence from the RNase gene.
		Dodds PN, Clarke AE, Newbigin E (1996) Molecular characterisation of an S-like RNase of Nicotiana alata that is induced by phosphate starvation.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/119/4/1457 (5061 words)

	Eukaryotic RNases H1 act processively by interactions through the duplex RNA-binding domain -- Gaidamakov et al. 33 ...
		Wild-type mouse RNase H1 data are represented by a solid fl circle, E.coli RNase HI by a solid fl square, RNase H1 by an inverted solid fl triangle, RNase H1 by an open circle, RNase H1 by an inverted open triangle and RNase H1 by a solid fl diamond.
		The yellow RNase H domain (HD) is in the same orientation as the E.coli RNase HI protein on the left side of the figure and is connected to the green dsRHbd (ds) by the gray connection domain c.
		RNase H1 and dsRNA by northwestern assays (14).
	nar.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/33/7/2166 (6880 words)

	Research Interests
		For HIV-1, RNase H activity is an integral part of the enzyme converting the viral RNA into double-stranded DNA prior to integration of the DNA into host's chromosomal DNA.
		Most organisms have multiple forms of RNase H. Two RNases H that are dissimilar in primary amino acid sequence but have similar structural and, presumably, a common enzymatic mechanism.
		To address the cellular roles of these RNases H, we have examined the effects of eliminating RNases H in unicellular organisms such as bacteria and fungi.
	eclipse.nichd.nih.gov /nichd/RNAformation/Research.htm (496 words)

	Parallel Functional Changes in the Digestive RNases of Ruminants and Colobines by Divergent Amino Acid Substitutions -- ...
		The whale and dolphin RNases are used as outgroups.
		of the common ancestor of bovine pancreatic and seminal RNases was from Jermann et al.
		The last 17 amino acids at the C-terminus of bovine brain RNase is not alignable with the last four amino acids of the primate RNase1, as evident from the sequences (Zhao et al.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/20/8/1310 (4369 words)

	Can 0.22 µm filters get rid of RNases? - BioForum
		I am having a heck of a time with RNA electrophoresis on 1% TBE gels, and I am suspecting RNases are at fault.
		Moreover the lodaing buffer is often with formamide, which do not allow a good rnase activity.
		BTW, I have not found "RNAse away" to work any better than wiping your countertops with 5% bleach, then a quick wipedown with 70% EtOH before starting work.
	www.protocol-online.org /forums/index.php?showtopic=10119 (657 words)

	The Molecular and Genetic Bases of S-RNase-Based Self-Incompatibility -- Kao and Tsukamoto 16 (Supplement 1): S72 -- ...
		The S-haplotype–specific inhibition of the RNase activity of S-RNases is achieved in a manner similar to that described for (A).
		In all of these models, additional pistil proteins that are required for the SI response are not depicted.
		Chung, I.K., Lee, S.Y., Lim, P.O., Oh, S.A., Kim, Y.S., and Nam, H.G. An S RNase gene of Lycopersicon peruvianum L. is highly expressed in transgenic tobacco but does not affect self-incompatibility.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/suppl_1/S72 (7164 words)

	RNase H, RNases and Inhibitors, New England Biolabs
		RNase H, RNases and Inhibitors, New England Biolabs
		RNase H (Ribonuclease H) is an endoribonuclease that specifically hydrolyzes the phosphodiester bonds of RNA which is hybridized to DNA.
		Incubation of a 50 μl reaction containing 50 units of RNase H with 1 μg of ΦX174 RF I DNA for 4 hours at 37ºC resulted in
	www.neb.com /nebecomm/products/productM0297.asp (268 words)

	Ribonucleases and Angiogenins from Fish -- Pizzo et al. 281 (37): 27454 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		For the first time fish RNases have been isolated and characterized.
		belong to the RNase A superfamily (or tetrapod RNase superfamily),
		investigated RNases are from the bony fish Danio rerio (or zebrafish).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/short/281/37/27454?rss=1 (358 words)

	From the Cover: Evolutionary relationships among self-incompatibility RNases -- Igic and Kohn 98 (23): 13167 -- ...
		T2-type RNases are responsible for self-pollen recognition and rejection in three distantly related families of flowering
		The Solanaceae and Scrophulariaceae belong to the subclass Asteridae whereas the Roasaceae are in the subclass Rosidae (Fig.
		Parametric bootstrap (28-31) results for the hypothesis that nonmonophyly of class III RNases is consistent with the observed data.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/23/13167 (3015 words)

	Student Protocol for isolating RNA from yeast
		Once we have spheroplasts it will be very easy to lyse the yeast cells and quickly release the RNA and proteins in the cell into a controlled environment where we can temporarly keep the cellular RNases from degrading the RNA.
		Solution 1 and 2 contain ions and detergents that will inactivate cellular RNases that are released when you lyse the cells.
		Since the yeast contain cellular RNases (a protein) it is important to separate them from your RNA.
	csm.jmu.edu /biology/courses/bio480_580/mblab/RNA.htm (1428 words)

	Processing Endoribonucleases and mRNA Degradation in Bacteria -- Kennell 184 (17): 4645 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		RNase III and RNase E are unusually prevalent on polycistronic
		RNase I, is extremely specific for single strands (19, 25) and
		RNase E, "participate in decay of mRNA in the cell" (3) (of
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/17/4645 (8136 words)

	Antineoplastic Ribonucleases Selectively Kill Thyroid Carcinoma Cells Via Caspase-Mediated Induction of Apoptosis -- ...
		RNase A and HP-RNase were used as controls.
		A, NPA cells were exposed for 72 h to the indicated RNases or were left untreated (-).
		C, NPA and HDF cells were treated with the indicated RNases for times ranging from 15 min to 72 h.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/88/6/2900 (3752 words)

	Université de Montréal, Département de Sciences biologiques, Mario Cappadocia
		A recent demonstration that RNases enter pollen tubes is also consistent with a role of the RNase activity in pollen rejection.
		In addition, we have proposed that the two functions of RNase inhibition and allele-specific recognition are carried by separate proteins, an S-RNase inhibitor (RI) and pollen-S, respectively instead of being carried by two domains of a single protein.
		Solanum chacoense as a model species At the beginning of our research program we chose S.chacoense because it is a true diploid (2n=2x=24) that flowers abundantly, can be propagated vegetatively, responds in vitro and has a GSI system.
	www.bio.umontreal.ca /profs/Cappadocia (1612 words)

	The F-Box Protein AhSLF-S2 Physically Interacts with S-RNases That May Be Inhibited by the Ubiquitin/26S Proteasome ...
		The proteins also were analyzed by immunoblotting using the anti-tubulin antibody for loading control in both cases.
		RNase interactions in vivo, resulting in the ubiquitination
		Xue, Y., Carpenter, R., Dickinson, H.G., and Coen, E.S. Origin of allelic diversity in Antirrhinum S locus RNases.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/3/582 (6399 words)

	S-RNase-mediated self-incompatibility -- Wang et al. 54 (380): 115 -- Journal of Experimental Botany
		SI components has raised an intriguing possibility that it is
		Matton DP, Maes O, Laublin G, Qin X, Bertrand C, Morse D, Cappadocia M. Hypervariable domains of self-incompatibility RNases mediate allele-specific pollen recognition.
		RNase of Petunia inflata lacking RNase activity has a dominant-negative effect on self-incompatibility interactions.
	jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/380/115 (4524 words)

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