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Topic: Rabies virus

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	Natural History \| CDC Rabies
		Rabies virus causes an acute encephalitis in all warm-blooded hosts, including humans, and the outcome is almost always fatal.
		Pathology of rabies infection is typically defined by encephalitis and myelitis.
		Rabies infection frequently causes cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies (Negri bodies) in neuronal cells, especially pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/rabies/natural_history/nathist.htm (650 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 61
		The rabies virus is a negative-sense, non-segmented, single-stranded RNA virus measuring approximately 60 nm x 180 nm.
		Rabies virus is most commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected mammal, all of which may be susceptible, but to greatly varying degrees.
		Although rabies virus was not isolated in any of the patients, the high rabies-neutralizing antibody titer in serum samples and the presence of neutralizing antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid strongly supported the diagnoses.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch061.htm (2770 words)

	rabies.html
		Rabies is a viral disease which is usually transmitted to human beings through a bite from a domesticated or wild animal.
		The other two proteins encoded for by the rabies genome are the M (or matrix) protein, which has been shown to be crucial in the ability of a newly formed virus to bud from the host cell membrane, and the transmembrane G protein, which is involved in host cell attachment and invasion.
		Despite the success of rabies vaccines in protection of both humans and domestic animals, one must always be aware that strains of the virus in the wild can diverge evolutionarily from the vaccine strain and render the vaccine somewhat less effective.
	www.haverford.edu /biology/edwards/disease/viral_essays/highA.html (3406 words)

	Rabies Fact Sheet
		Because of his known exposure to bats, rabies was suspected from the beginning, but he was not given post-exposure rabies prevention measures because such treatment is not effective once clinical symptoms have started.
		Whether the species of animal is known to carry rabies, and whether rabies is known to be present in the animal population in the geographic area where the exposure occurred.
		Animal licensing, rabies immunization of dogs and cats (both at three months of age), public education, stray animal control, animal bite investigation, and quarantine of animals coming into the US are all important rabies control tools.
	www.dhs.ca.gov /ohb/HESIS/rabies.htm (2200 words)

	NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Rabies
		The virus is transmitted by the bite of an infected animal.
		Rabies virus causes an inflammation of the brain, and is almost always fatal once symptoms develop.
		Rabies can also occur when infected saliva from a rabid animal contaminates an open wound (one which was bleeding within the past 24 hours), a scratch or skin abrasion, or a mucous membrane.
	www.state.nj.us /health/cd/rabies.htm (2314 words)

	Rabies.net - Transmission
		Human infection by rabies virus usually occurs as a result of a transdermal bite or scratch from an infected wild or domestic animal.
		Rabies virus circulates in some species of mammals living in specific regions of the world.
		The virus is usually transmitted to humans through a transdermal bite or scratch from an infected animal (zoonosis).
	www.rabies.net /cont_6.transmission.php (365 words)

	Rabies
		The Rabies virus, which is most commonly associated with routine pet vaccinations, has caused turmoil all over the world since at least the times of Homer.
		The invasion of the rabies virus was studied by Iwasaki in 1973.
		Meltzer and Rupprecht compiled some statistics on the occurrence of rabies worldwide and found that in the 1950s, the incidence of rabies was 0.2 to 2.5/1000 dogs (0.22 to 3.8/1000 of unvaccinated dogs) in the United States.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/studentport/maar/RabiesInternet.html (5990 words)

	Rabies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rabies is a viral infection of the central nervous system, which means it affects the brain, spinal cord, and their surrounding membranes.
		Because of the widespread use of the rabies vaccine for pets in the United States, today most cases of rabies are transmitted by wild animals such as bats, foxes, raccoons, skunks, coyotes, and wolves.
		Because rabies must be treated before the infection reaches the brain, a time during which the patient is symptom-free, it's important to act quickly to make a diagnosis and begin treatment.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/r/rabies.htm (1339 words)

	The Virus \| CDC Rabies
		Rabies virions are bullet-shaped with 10-nm spike-like glycoprotein peplomers covering the surface.
		The rabies virus genome is single-stranded, antisense, nonsegmented, RNA of approximately 12 kb.
		Conversely, virus in the salivary glands buds primarily from the cell membrane into the acinar lumen.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvrd/rabies/the_virus/virus.htm (752 words)

	rabies
		Rabies is a deadly disease caused by a virus that attacks the central nervous system.
		The virus is present primarily in the saliva, brain tissue and spinal fluid of a rabid animal.
		In wild animal species, rabies is more common in bats, skunks, raccoons and foxes, but the disease also has been found in deer and in large rodents, such as woodchucks.
	www.idph.state.il.us /public/hb/hbrabies.htm (1146 words)

	Rabies
		This is because the G protein trimer undergoes a change in conformation at pH 6.1 which stabilizes the trimer and probably allows a hydrophobic region of the molecule to become exposed and to embed in the membrane of the cell to be infected.
		This is the infectious ribonucleoprotein core of the virus.
		Saliva may be tested for rabies virus RNA by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) or by isolation of the virus.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /virol/rabies.htm (3094 words)

	Rabies in Indonesia - Prevention and Treatment
		Rabies was first reported from Mesopotamia around 2300 BC, and accurately described even then as "a fatal disease acquired by humans from the bite of a mad dog".
		The rabies virus is present in the saliva of infected animals; all warm-blooded animals are susceptible to rabies, and some may serve as natural reservoirs of the virus.
		The virus may be identified on the basis of animal inoculation tests or specific staining with fluorescent antibodies but this requires sophisticated diagnostic procedures not available in many countries include identification of rabies antibodies in the patient's blood or cerebrospinal fluid and demonstration of characteristic Negri bodies in samples of brain tissue.
	www.expat.or.id /medical/rabies.html (2361 words)

	rabies virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Once the virus is in the brain, it spreads quickly to the rest of the body.
		The Rabies Virus incubates in its host for anywhere from 3 to 12 weeks before it spreads to the brain and starts the disease.
		The Rabies Virus is dangerous for people and some have died from it, but very few people have died from Rabies in modern times.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/rabies_virus.htm (570 words)

	Rabies
		Rabies is a virus that is usually transmitted by a bite from a wild infected animal, such as a bat, raccoon, skunk, or fox.
		One of the most distinctive signs of a rabies infection is a tingling or twitching sensation around the area of the animal bite.
		This decision is usually based on the circumstances of the bite (provoked or unprovoked), the type of animal (species, wild or domestic), the animal's health history (vaccinated or not), and the recommendations of local health authorities.
	kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/rabies.html (1062 words)

	eMedicine - Rabies : Article Excerpt by: Mark Merlin, DO, FACEP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		However, with recent raccoon rabies epizootic in the United States and high transmissibility of the rabies virus by bats, a fear of reemergence of rabies in humans continues to exist.
		Rabies continues to spread throughout the CNS, subsequently undergoing centrifugal spread along peripheral nerves to the skin, intestine, and into salivary glands, where it is shed in saliva.
		The risk of contracting rabies from a bite wound is 5-80%, depending on incidence of rabies in endemic species or other terrestrial animals in the region.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/rabies.htm (643 words)

	Rabies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The virus is usually present in the saliva of a symptomatic rabid animal; the route of infection is nearly always by a bite, and in many cases in animals, causes the victim to be exceptionally aggressive, attack without provocation, and exhibit otherwise uncharacteristic behavior[1].
		A new, orally active, genetically recombined virus vaccine for raccoon rabies awaits licensing by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as of 2006.
		Rabies is endemic to many parts of the world, and one of the reasons given for quarantine periods in international animal transport has been to try to keep the disease out of uninfected regions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rabies (3954 words)

	eMedicine - Rabies : Article by Mark Merlin, DO, FACEP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Causes: Rabies is transmitted by contact with the rabies virus, although the method of virus transmission may be unclear in cases with no history of contact with the source animal.
		Human rabies immune globulin and vaccine are recommended for bites and exposures regardless of the period between exposure and treatment unless the individual is previously vaccinated and rabies antibodies can be detected.
		Rabies vaccine (RabAvert) -- Inactivated form of virus grown in primary cultures of chicken fibroblasts; offers active immunity and, when used in combination with HRIG and local wound treatment, protects postexposure patients of all age groups; also used for preexposure immunization in primary series and booster dose.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic493.htm (4188 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Rabies is the oldest communicable disease of humans.
		Rabies and rabies-like viruses have a non-segmented, antisense, single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 12-kb (CDC).
		Safe human rabies vaccines are highly expensive, and the increase of rabies in wildlife has led to the development of vaccines for oral administration.
	justice.loyola.edu /~klc/BL472/Rabies/rabies~1.html (2406 words)

	Human rabies fact sheet
		Rabies is a virus that can affect both humans and other mammals.
		Some researchers theorize that the rabies virus in human saliva glands may be at too low a level for transmission to occur.
		In spite of the seemingly low risk, rabies exposures to saliva should be taken seriously due to the deadly nature of this disease.
	www.metrokc.gov /health/prevcont/rabies.htm (604 words)

	Rabies: Pet Health Topics from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University
		Rabies is an infectious disease caused by a Rhabdoviridae virus.
		Rabies may occur in bat populations in all of the lower 48 states.
		This method of travel makes rabies undetectable in a live animal because rabies is diagnosed by examining the brain microscopically and immunohistochemically (using rabies antibody) to demonstrate the presence of the virus.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /ClientED/rabies.asp (917 words)

	Rabies Home Page
		The Ministry of Natural Resources is committed to the research, control and eradication of rabies in Ontario, thereby protecting the health and safety of the public, their pets and the wildlife of this province.
		Cases of fox-strain rabies have dropped dramatically across Ontario to only 34 cases in 2005, down from 1,500 before control measures were implemented in 1989, a 97 per cent drop.
		As of January 1, 2006, adult animals and juvenile rabies vectors (fox, raccoon, and skunks) within the HRA can be released up to 1 km from the point of capture.
	rabies.mnr.gov.on.ca (600 words)

	01.062.0.02.001. Rabies virus - Murphy UC Davis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		"Electron micrograph of rabies virus in brain cells at 64,000 x magnification.
		The bullets surrounding the smooth gray circle are rabies.
		The circle itself is the Negri body, which can be seen with a light microscope."
	www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /ICTVdb/Images/Murphy/rabies.htm (84 words)

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