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Topic: RACE (biology)

	Council for Responsible Genetics
		Race is discussed as a predictor of genotype for a 250-base pair deletion that changes the expression of angiotensin-converting enzymes.
		Race is not clearly definable in biological terms because it is mostly a social construct; therefore, race cannot be consistently classified because there are not universal standards for measuring race.
		Race is a weak proxy for the genetic and environmental factors that influence disease.
	www.gene-watch.org /programs/determinism/Racebibliography.html (2427 words)

	Race: Social Concept, Biological Idea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Race categories are often used as ethnic intensifiers, with the aim of justifying the exploitation of one group by another.
		Race is an idea that has become so fixed in American society that there is no room for open-mindedness when challenging the idea of racial categories.
		Race is a biological term that describes the DNA structure of an individual as a fixed attribute that cannot be changed.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /biology/b103/f00/web2/ramon2.html (1154 words)

	Ernst Mayr on Race
		Races are not something specifically human; races occur in a large percentage of species of animals.
		What is characteristic of a geographic race is, first, that it is restricted to a geographic subdivision of the range of a species, and second, that in spite of certain diagnostic differences, it is part of a larger species.
		A human race consists of the descendants of a once-isolated geographical population primarily adapted for the environmental conditions of their original home country.
	www.goodrumj.com /Mayr.html (2806 words)

	Race, Evolutionary Biology and the Kingdom of Heaven
		Race relations in America and in the world as a whole are widely recognized as constituting a serious problem which is rapidly becoming more complex, requiring increasing amounts of social capital for mitigation.
		Race mixtures of the average or superior strata of various peoples greatly increase creative potential, as is shown in the present population of the United States of North America.
		Race is seen as a primary aspect of group and personal identity as well as a principle for social organization.
	www.ubfellowship.org /archive/readers/doc729.htm (11645 words)

	BIOLOGY AND RACE
		As a category, race is both a biological construct and a sociological construct.
		Are there human races based on "deep differences?" It is clear that there are genetic differences among human populations, many of these genetic differences illustrate geographic patterns, and some of these genetic differences are concordant with observable differences such as skin color, body shape, and hair structure.
		The end points of the continuum ("races") are clearly recognizable as different, e.g., a population of Swedes versus a population of South African Bushmen.
	www.saintmarys.edu /~rjensen/race.html (2784 words)

	RaceSci: History of Race in Science: Bibliographies
		Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice; Adopted by the general conference of UNESCO at its twentieth session, Paris, 27 November 1978.
		A discussion of race and the fallacies of racism in genetic terms.
		Ethnology of the Negro or Prognathous Races, 1857.
	web.mit.edu /racescience/bibliographies/primary_sources (1170 words)

	EDUCATION REVIEW
		As a social narrative, race is central to many of the public and intellectual debates about human nature that have sporadically sent the United States and the world into spasm, particularly evidenced by the Kerner Commission that reported, “…our nation is moving toward two societies, one fl, one white — separate and unequal” (Kerner, 1968).
		Within the realm of public policy, the implications of race have been significant because of its “scientific” biological underpinnings, which have given scholars, and the lay-public alike, a rationale for what is alleged to be intrinsic and unchanging criteria in human populations.
		Graves’ work was written to dismantle the so-called scientific basis, for first, of the actual existence of race as a typology devoid of racist content and conjecture, and second, to expose the politically motivated ideological underpinnings of biological descents into the abyss of racism.
	edrev.asu.edu /reviews/rev308.htm (1864 words)

	Medicine's Race Problem - Policy Review, No. 110 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Despite the rhetoric about the bankruptcy of the race concept, it is notable that the federal government is pouring millions of dollars into studying racial differences in course-of-disease and in treatment response.
		In a sense, then, the purpose of examining race as a variable in biological research is to be able to transcend the use of race, to perfect a bottom-up kind of genetic analysis that is routinely performed in other arenas, such as forensic medicine.
		To acknowledge a biological dimension to race is to risk inflammatory and often groundless accusations of racism.
	www.policyreview.org /DEC01/satel.html (3830 words)

	The genetics of difference: what genetic discovery and the modern biology of "race" mean for communities of color ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It took decades to recognize that the illness was not a marker of race.
		Yet, arguing against the legitimacy of race as a category in biomedical research does not mean that the social category of race is false.
		Race is real because societies have acted as if certain people are inferior based on innate characteristics.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0KAY/is_2_6/ai_103192533 (809 words)

	RaceSci: Bibliographies: Current Scholarship: Biology: France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Race: The History of an Idea in the West.
		Eugenik, Sterilisation, 'Euthanasie': Politische Biologie in Deutschland, 1895-1945: Eine Dokumentation.
		Wegner, Gregory P. "Schooling for a New Mythos: Race, Anti-Semitism and the Curriculum Materials of a Nazi Race Educator." Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education 27 (1991): 189-213.
	www.racesci.org /bibliographies/current_scholarship/biology_france.htm (396 words)

	Social Biology Today - DNA and the Race
		When Galton launched the eugenics movement, he used one word to refer to the science (or pseudo-science) and also to policies based on that science, and also to a new comprehensive world view that could function as a new religion.
		Wilson is serious in his conviction that the things that matter are DNA and the race, not the individual.
		Wilson is extremely ambitious in his determination to explain humanity by reference to biology alone.
	www.eugenics-watch.com /roots/chap14.html (4153 words)

	Race (biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biology, a race is any inbreeding group, including taxonomic subgroups such as subspecies, taxonomically subordinate to a species and superordinate to a subrace and marked by a pre-determined profile of latent factors of hereditary traits.
		The wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris), desert cat (Felis silvestris lybica) and the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus).
		For discussion of the term as used to describe humans, see race.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Race_(biology) (138 words)

	The Myth of Race
		Biological races are not real, but socialized races are real as a heart attack, and do not confuse those two.' There are no genetic barriers to dismantling racist ideology; it is a question of whether we want to.
		Demystifying race may be the most important accomplishment of this research, but it has also solved some of the most intriguing mysteries of human history.
		But the physical ''stereotypes'' of race, writes Cavalli-Sforza, ''reflect superficial differences.'' For example, light skin color is needed in northern climates for the sun's ultra- violet light to penetrate into the body and transform vitamin D into a usable form.
	members.tripod.com /americantruthaz1/myth_of_race.htm (8509 words)

	Historians Participate in Conference on Race and Human Variations
		Holt emphasized the role of state power in the formation of race, and went on to suggest that race as a social and historical conception is linked to modernity and the emergence of the nation-state with its need for labor.
		While a few of the participants argued that race should be removed from the census because it has little real biological meaning, most disagreed, noting that race as a constructed category continues to be a very salient factor in American society.
		Geneticists have not defined race well in their use of the term and the term has had a variety of meanings.
	www.historians.org /Perspectives/Issues/2004/0412/0412new5.cfm (1195 words)

	RaceSci: History of Race in Science: Bibliographies: Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		"Biology and the New Racism." In Anatomy of Racism.
		Wegner, Gregory P. "Schooling for a new mythos: Race, anti-Semitism and the curriculum materials of a nazism race educator." Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education 27 (1991):189-213.
		ABSTRACT: On the charts and textbooks of race biology published by Alfred Vogel, a biology curriculum writer and elementary school principal in Baden during the Third Reich
	www.racesci.org /bibliographies/current_scholarship/biology.html (657 words)

	Race - definition from Biology-Online.org
		The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a breed.
		A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides; as, the Portland Race; the Race of Alderney.
		The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Race (396 words)

	Race And Biology: A Case Study Of Curriculum Development
		Look at the history of biology being used to justify exploitation of one social group by another, and often to justify the extermination of the subordinant group.
		Race is such an important issue in shaping culture, psychology, economics in the United States.
		In our biology curriculum, we can help students assemble tools that relate to the facets of race where biology is involved, or, at least, is invoked.
	www.faculty.umb.edu /pjt/racedialog.html (1885 words)

	Biology and Racial Categories
		Here we mean the hard sciences, biology, chemistry and physics, not the social sciences (which are not as highly respected).
		Where we depart from biology is to invent categories, which we call ”races,” and put individuals into those categories.
		In biology, the usual boundary between different species is the ability or non ability to mate and produce offspring.
	www.scn.org /civic/cds/cmp/modules/soc-race.htm (336 words)

	Race
		One of the most astonishing features of the contemporary discussion of race is the fact that anthropology, the science that deals with human biological and cultural variation, has managed to be marginalized.
		Dr. Harold Freeman, Celera Genomics Corp., quoted in the SJ Mercury, "Race not seen as factor in variation of genetic code," Feb. 20, 2001, G1.
		The Problematics of "Race" in Contemporary Biological Anthropology.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/misc/race.html (1070 words)

	Race - RACE - The Power of an Illusion . Background Readings \| PBS
		Race - RACE - The Power of an Illusion.
		A quick summary of why race isn't useful (and is in fact harmful) for anthropological research.
		NEWS ARTICLE - A summary of Nina Jablonski's theory suggesting that two vitamins - Vitamin D and folate - are connected to the evolution of different skin colors among humans.
	www.pbs.org /race/000_About/002_04-background-01.htm (678 words)

	RaceSci: History of Race in Science: Bibliographies
		The Myth of the Lazy Native: A Study of the Image of the Malays, Filipinos and Javanese from the 16th to the 20th Century and its Function in the Ideology of Colonial Capitalism.
		Sex, race, and resistance: Scientific authority and the politics of identity in American literature From the 1830s to the 1930s.
		Gilman, Stuart C. "Degeneracy and race in the 19th century: The impact of clinical medicine." Journal of Ethnic Studies 10.4 (1983):27-50.
	web.mit.edu /racescience/bibliographies/racesci_bib.html (9140 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - race (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Keywords: history of biology • ideology • race • racism.
		Keywords: ethology • gender • history of biology • history of science • human nature • race • social studies of science.
		Lewontin, R.C. Further remarks on race and the genetics of intelligence.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Keyword/R/Race.html (134 words)

	Race - Biology? Sociology? or Legal?
		What is Race?: Click to View or Add Links.
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		In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107, some material on this website is provided for comment, background information, research and/or educational purposes only, without permission from the copyright owner(s), under the "fair use" provisions of the federal copyright laws.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/01race/race05.htm (117 words)

	Prometheus 6 - The Development of Race
		Slavery, the origins of race, ancient views of difference, 19th century race science, and more.
		ARTICLE BY GEORGE FREDRICKSON - a brief overview of the evolution of the race concept in the West.
		ARTICLE BY AUDREY SMEDLEY - how race was institutionalized in the 19th century as a worldview, a set of cultural attitudes and assumptions about human group differences.
	home.earthlink.net /~prometheus_6/RaceReadings.htm (1114 words)

	race - OneLook Dictionary Search
		noun: (biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species
		Phrases that include race: master race, rat race, sack race, race riot, obstacle race, more...
		Words similar to race: airstream, backwash, hasten, hie, hotfoot, raced, raceway, racing, run, rush, slipstream, speed, subspecies, tear, wash, barrel, belt along, bucket along, campaign, cannonball along, more...
	www.onelook.com /cgi-bin/cgiwrap/bware/dofind.cgi?word=race (541 words)

	FOXNews.com - Biologically Speaking, Race Doesn't Exist - Blog \| Blogs \| Popular Blogs \| Video Blogs
		Affirmative action, a program that rewards race for race’s sake, usually at the expense of merit, is a fine example.
		Black social critics on the left and right have lamented that academic success in urban high schools and among fl communities on college campuses is often equated with the "whiteness," or at the very least, with the lack of "flness," of the African American students.
		But race isn’t the reason the poor kid from the city needs a boost — class is. A white or Asian kid from the inner city is just as disadvantaged as a fl one.
	www.foxnews.com /story/0,2933,43298,00.html (1140 words)

	NPR : 'Race: The Power of an Illusion'
		A new, three-part PBS documentary series, Race: The Power of an Illusion, asserts that race has nothing to do with biology.
		Instead, the series features scientists and experts who believe the notion of race is a construct based on history, laws and social custom.
		The PBS series on race is produced by California Newsreel
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=1242915 (292 words)

	AEGiS-SC: MEDICINE AND PEOPLE OF COLOR: Unlikely mix -- Race, biology and drugs
		This controversy will surely hit the headlines before the end of year, because in late fall we will learn the fate of a drug designed to be marketed specifically for fls with heart disease.
		BiDil is a drug designed to restore low or depleted nitric oxide levels to the blood to treat or prevent cases of congestive heart failure.
		It was originally designed for a wide population base, and race was irrelevant.
	www.aegis.com /news/sc/2003/SC030309.html (1043 words)

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