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Topic: Radiation of sound


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In the News (Fri 5 Sep 08)

  
  Sound Radiation from Cylindrical Radiators
The following animations illustrate the radiation of sound waves from a vibrating source in 2-D. The source is a long cylinder which is oscillating in the radial direction only (all vibrations along the length of the cylinder are ignored).
The sound field of a dipole is the same as for two identical but opposite phase monopoles.
The sound field of a quadrupole is the same as for two identical but opposite phase dipoles.
www.ece.kettering.edu /~drussell/Demos/radiation/radiation.html   (668 words)

  
  Ionizing & Non-Ionizing Radiation | Radiation Protection Program | US EPA   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
Radiation that has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons, is referred to as "non-ionizing radiation." Examples of this kind of radiation are sound waves, visible light, and microwaves.
This is the type of radiation that people usually think of as 'radiation.' We take advantage of its properties to generate electric power, to kill cancer cells, and in many manufacturing processes.
X-ray and gamma ray radiation, which are at the upper end of magnetic radiation have very high frequency --in the range of 100 billion billion Hertz--and very short wavelengths--1 million millionth of a meter.
www.epa.gov /radiation/understand/ionize_nonionize.htm   (505 words)

  
  radiation. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
Acoustic radiation, propagated as sound waves, may be sonic (in the frequency range from 16 to 20,000 cycles per sec), infrasonic, or subsonic (frequency less than 16 cycles per sec), and ultrasonic (frequency greater than 20,000 cycles per sec).
Examples of particle radiation are alpha and beta rays in radioactivity, and many kinds of atomic and subatomic particles such as electrons, mesons, neutrons, protons, and heavier nuclei (see cosmic rays).
Radiation is usually considered to travel from a source in straight lines, but its path may be affected by external factors; for instance, charged particles travel in curved paths in magnetic fields.
www.bartleby.com /65/ra/radiatn.html   (324 words)

  
 Gail Patricelli Research Interests
The broad goal of this research is to test the hypothesis that the directionality of a vocalization is affected by the social and ecological context of the call, and by the morphology and behavior of the calling animal.
Because amplitude is affected by directionality and environmental propagation, males will have difficulty sending high amplitude sounds to females, and females will have difficulty comparing amplitude among males; this may lead to adaptations in both sexes to increase benefits during mate choice.
Sound measurement are made with Automatic Recording Units (ARUs), which can be programed to sample sounds at designated intervals throughout the day, and with a hand-held SPL meter.
www.eve.ucdavis.edu /gpatricelli/Patricelli_Research_Interests.html   (2224 words)

  
 APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF NEUROPSYCHIC AND SOMATIC DISEASES WITH HEAT, LIGHT, SOUND AND VHF ELECTROMAGNETIC ...
The light radiation and sound radiation sources are made so as to exert an adequate and monotonous influence of the light-and sound-radiation on the patient's visual analyzers and auditory analyzers, respectively.
    Sound radiation source 2 is a small-size loudspeaker I6 which is electrically connected with another secondary winding 21 of the transformer I5 through a diode I7, variable resistor I8, constant resistor I9, contacts 8 of the vibrator and switch 20.
The sources I, 2 and 4 of light radiation, sound radiation and heat radiation, respectively, are mounted in the same casing (not shown in the drawing).
www.raven1.net /3773049.htm   (2361 words)

  
 Radiation of sound - InformationBlast
Radiation of sound should not be confused with propagation of sound.
Succinctly, radiation of sound is caused by the transfer of momentum into the fluid medium.
Radiation of sound from structures occurs most effciently when there is a net volume velocity of the structure surface into the fluid.
www.informationblast.com /Radiation_of_sound.html   (129 words)

  
 Unitary electric-motor/hydraulic-pump assembly with noise reduction features - Patent 5354182
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, the motor and pump is enclosed by a sound deadening enclosure to inhibit radiation of airborne noise from the pump and motor housings.
In the preferred embodiments of the invention that embody both a sound deadening enclosure and isolation ferrules at the motor mounting feet, the feet are bolted to the motor housing through the ferrules within the sound deadening enclosure to inhibit both transmission of both structureborne and airborne noise to the surrounding environment.
A sound deadening enclosure 48 surrounds and encloses motor housing 12 (including end member 20) and pump unit 28, and is radially spaced therefrom for inhibiting radiation of vibration energy from the motor housing and pump as audible noise into the surrounding atmosphere.
www.freepatentsonline.com /5354182.html   (2241 words)

  
 Transmissive and reflective optical control of sound, light and motion - Patent 5017770
10 and comprising a radiation source in the form of a pinspot lamp 20, with a sensor 22 affixed to the centre of the cover glass of the lamp 20, the whole being fronted by a colour filter 32 and suspended by a universal ball joint 34 from an arm 36.
The intensity of the radiation sensed by the sensor 22 produces from the latter a corresponding amplitude signal which passes through an analog-digital converter to provide control signals indicative of the distance of retroreflective means 40 from item 28.
However, the radiation may be ultra-violet light or infra-red light, the latter having no visible effect, provided the dancer or the like knows her or his positions accurately enough not to need to see the radiation.
www.freepatentsonline.com /5017770.html   (7052 words)

  
 Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Radiation   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
The biological action of radiation is not fully understood, but it is believed that a disturbance in cellular activity results from the chemical changes caused by ionization (see ion).
Radiation consists of a flow of atomic or subatomic particles or of waves.
Post-RP radiation improves outcome in high-risk cases: 10-year cause-specific survival in patients given early radiotherapy is nearly 93%.
www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Radiation&StartAt=1   (879 words)

  
 Method and devices for the omnidirectional radiation of sound waves - Patent 4322578
The present invention pertains to a method and apparatus for achieving a uniform omnidirectional radiation of sound waves, particularly at high frequencies, and for increasing selectivity and separation at frequencies in the medium to high frequency wave band The apparatus consists of a series of reflector-diffractor barriers which are frequency selective.
This is because sound radiation remains spherical, and therefore omnidirectional, only as long as the radiated wave-length is much greater than the diameter of the sound source, which is generally only true for low frequencies.
Thus, reproducing sound in high fidelity means, as far as possible, recreating the atmosphere of the concert hall, where only a small part of the sound reaches the listener directly, the majority being reflected sound.
www.freepatentsonline.com /4322578.html   (4550 words)

  
 Acoustical Society of America - The Wave Theory of Sound
Gassendi (a contemporary of Mersenne and Galileo), for example, argued that sound is due to a stream of "atoms" emitted by the sounding body; velocity of sound is the speed of atoms; frequency is number emitted per unit time.
Substantial progress toward the development of a viable theory of sound propagation resting on firmer mathematical and physical concepts was made during the eighteenth century by Euler (1707-1783), Lagrange (1736-1813), and d'Alembert (1717-1783).
The theory ultimately proposed for sound in the eighteenth century was incomplete from many standpoints, but modern theories of today can be regarded for the most part as refinements of that developed by Euler and his contemporaries.
asa.aip.org /pierce.html   (1099 words)

  
 Radiation of sound   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
Radiation of sound should not be confused with propagation of sound.
Succintly, radiation of sound is caused by the transfer of momentum into the fluid medium.
Radiation of sound from structures occurs most effciently when there is a net volume velocity of the structure surface into the fluid.
www.fact-index.com /r/ra/radiation_of_sound.html   (121 words)

  
 SPACE.com -- Black Hole Strikes Deepest Musical Note Ever Heard
The sound waves appear to be heating gas in the Perseus galaxy cluster, some 250 million light-years away, potentially solving a longstanding mystery about why the gas surrounding this cluster and others does not chill out as existing theory predicts.
Sound waves are similar, but they travel far more slowly and are more physical in nature.
Sound you hear, for example, can be produced by the visible compression and expansion of a stereo speaker.
www.space.com /scienceastronomy/blackhole_note_030909.html   (765 words)

  
 radiation - Encyclopedia.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
Familiar examples are light (a form of electromagnetic radiation) and sound (a form of acoustic radiation).
All matter is constantly bombarded by radiation from cosmic and terrestrial sources, and radioactive elements emit several types of radiation (radioactivity).
Cherenkov radiation, Hawking radiation, infrared radiation, synchrotron radiation, thermal radiation, ultraviolet radiation.
www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1B1-376375.html   (555 words)

  
 SOUND RADIATION
Sound is radiated from a fully or partially open tonehole because the air just outside the tonehole is disturbed by the vibrational motion of the ``open'' part of the tonehole volume.
This is mainly because the WD tonehole model is based on a low-frequency approximation of the real acoustical behaviour of the tonehole.
Moreover, we have assumed that the radiation is isotropic (i.e., the flow spreads out evenly in all directions).
ccrma-www.stanford.edu /~jos/wdth/SOUND_RADIATION.html   (295 words)

  
 Space
In space many different types of radiation is given out by stars and other celestial objects like electromagnetic (all spectrums of light) radiation, gamma (x-ray) radiation, microwave radiation and much more.
Sound travels by vibrating particles, the particles then pass on the vibration to other particles around it and so on.
Both on land and in orbit are observatories which detect even the most miniscule amounts of infra-red, x-ray (gamma), microwave, radio and light radiation in order to piece together images and positions of distant celestial bodies.
library.thinkquest.org /03oct/01944/radiation.htm   (531 words)

  
 ASA 142nd Meeting Lay Language Papers -Sound Radiation from Caribbean Steelpans   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
Sound intensity is the rate at which sound energy flows outward from various points on the instrument.
The third graph is a map of the sound pressure in the vicinity of the steelpan.
For example, the sound radiated from the back side of the pan (where microphones are often placed in recording studios) generally emphasizes the second harmonic (octave), and thus appears to be "brighter" than the sound from the front side of the pan.
www.acoustics.org /press/142nd/Copeland.html   (566 words)

  
 Designing for Sound
Designing for sound quality should be addressed as soon as possible in the process and no later than the beginning of the enclosure design.
Sound apertures and grills: are typically used to minimize dust and moisture from getting onto the face of the speaker.
Speakers generate sound by moving air and this means, for low frequency sounds in particular, the speaker cone, which is attached to the voice coil, must be large, and/or, the excursion distance must increase.
www.regalusa.com /designing_for_sound.html   (2796 words)

  
 Sound & Communications - Audio
Because the speaker radiates equally, but in opposite phase, from both sides of the cone, all radiation is cancelled in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone.
The so-called radial horn exploits this fact by maintaining a constant conical flare in the horizontal plane, with an extreme deviation from conical in the vertical plane.
In operation, the transducer imparts a bending wave to the panel, which is then radiated as sound as it travels to the perimeter of the panel, is reflected back, and so forth until it is damped out.
www.soundandcommunications.com /audio/2005_09_audio.htm   (3375 words)

  
 Engadget Search
Handheld radiation detectors sound well and good, and are designed to detect the threat of dirty bombs or other radiation, which seems like a just cause, but they also appear to be picking up a good many false positives from recent subjects of...
Their study doesn't sound particularly rigorous, but the Irish Doctors Environmental Association says that as many as 5% of people (well, Irish people) could be "suffering from the effects of mobile-phone radiation." The symptoms they identify...
Cellphone radiation may or may not be melting your brain, but a company called BioPro has decided to cash in with the Cell Chip, which supposedly blocks harmful cellphone radiation by using a "multi-dimensional approach." We know it's tough to...
www.engadget.com /search/?sourceid=Mozilla-search&q=radiation   (911 words)

  
 Acoustical Society of America - Sound Radiation from Boxes with Tone Holes   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
As everyone knows, sound from a violin is radiated into the surrounding air primarily by the flexural vibrations of its wooden shell.
As a consequence, the sound itself acquires a complicated directional dependence, as though the violin consisted of a large number of sharp lighthouse beacons whose directions shift around rapidly from one note to the next.
We call this effect "directional tone color." It endows the sound of a solo violin with a special flashing brilliance which is, incidentally, enhanced by the use of vibrato, because a fluctuating frequency causes the directions of all the "beacons" to waver in synchronism.
www.acoustics.org /press/131st/lay12.html   (439 words)

  
 Radiation Unit Conversion - Asknumbers.com
Radioactivity is the spontaneous conversion of certain atomic nuclei into those of lighter elements accompanied by the emission of alpha particles (helium nuclei), beta particles (electrons or positrons), or X and gamma radiation (short wavelength/high frequency electromagnetic waves).
Radiation Absorbed Dose is the a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionising radiation.
Radiation Exposure is the exposure to ionizing radiation which occurs during a certain period of time.
www.asknumbers.com /RadiationConversion.aspx   (144 words)

  
 Introduction to MIDI and Computer Music: Digital Audio Concepts
When we talk about the radiation of sound, we are talking about an energy transfer in the molecules of air resulting in a moving high pressure (compression) zone traveling at 1130 feet/second.
The shape of the periodic wave producing the sound determines the relative strengths of the harmonics — or additional higher frequency components.
Sound recognition is also dependent on the sounds that are associated with the attack, for example the noise at the start of a trumpet sound, and to a lesser extent on the release, as when a piano key is released.
www.iub.edu /~emusic/U396/digital_audio.htm   (1053 words)

  
 Radiation Types
Radiation having a wide range of energies form the electromagnetic spectrum, which is illustrated below.
Non-ionizing radiation ranges from extremely low frequency radiation, shown on the far left through the audible, microwave, and visible portions of the spectrum into the ultraviolet range.
X-ray and gamma ray radiation, which are at the upper end of magnetic radiation have very high frequency --in the range of 100 billion billion Hertz--and very short wavelengths --1 million millionth of a meter.
www.tenafly.net /~shilfstein/new_page_3.htm   (492 words)

  
 SUNY Orange: Diagnostic Imaging - Radiation Protection
The National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) recommends that the maximum permissible dose equivalent to the embryo-fetus from occupational exposure to the expectant mother should be limited to 0.5 rem for the entire gestation period.
The basic radiation protection goal of the council was to minimize the potential for harm to all individuals exposed to man-made radiation.
It is critical to the safety of all radiation workers and to the safety of patients that radiation protection must be the first consideration during every x-ray examination or procedure.
www.orange.cc.ny.us /di/radiationprotection.shtml   (873 words)

  
 Sound Pressure Generated by a Bubble
This report summarises the analytical expression for the sound pressure generated by a gas bubble in a fluid.
The radial vibration of an gas bubble in a fluid is modeled well as a simple harmonic oscillator whose stiffness and mass parameters relate to the properties of the gas and fluid.
The radiation damping coefficient can be derived by examining the acoustic impedance for spherical waves, which includes the radiation resistance.
www.mrl.nyu.edu /~ajsecord/liquid_sounds/bubble_analytic/index.html   (600 words)

  
 Sound Radiation from Cylindrical Radiators
The sound field of a dipole is the same as for two identical but opposite phase monopoles.
A dipole sound very well in two preferred directions, but does not radiate sound at all along the plane inbetween the two oppositely phased sources.
A dipole sound very well in four preferred directions, but does not radiate sound at all along two planes inbetween the two orientations of oppositely phased dipole sources.
www.gmi.edu /~drussell/Demos/radiation/radiation.html   (668 words)

  
 Sound Site: Glossary   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
the property of a sound and especially a musical tone that is determined by the frequency of the waves producing it : highness or lowness of sound : a standard frequency for tuning instruments
the quality given to a sound by its overtones or the quality of tone distinctive of a particular singing voice or musical instrument.
the degree of loudness or the intensity of a sound
www.sci.mus.mn.us /sound/glossary.htm   (159 words)

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