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Topic: Radicle

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	[No title]
		Secondly, with the radicles of seedlings, the tip is sensitive to various stimuli, especially to very slight pressure, and when thus excited, transmits an influence to the upper part, causing it to bend from the pressed side.
		The tips of the radicles were placed so as just to touch the upper end of the glass-plates, and, as they grew downwards they pressed lightly, owing to geotropism, on the smoked surfaces, and left tracks of their course.
		In B the plate was inclined 65o with the horizon, and the radicle was a trifle larger.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext04/pwmvp11.txt (19374 words)

	Differential allelopathic potential among wheat accessions to annual ryegrass
		Both germination and radicle growth of ryegrass were significantly inhibited by the aqueous shoot extracts of wheat cultivars.
		The inhibition for radicle elongation ranged from 19.2% to 98.7% and for seed germination from 4.2% to 73.2%.
		The phytotoxicity of wheat extracts in inhibiting radicle elongation of ryegrass varied significantly w ith wheat cultivars, from 19.2% for Vulcan and 98.7% for Sunbri.
	www.regional.org.au /au/asa/1998/6/139wu.htm (2152 words)

	The Power of Movement in Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		with the horizon, and the radicle was a trifle larger.
		Radicles are able to penetrate the ground by the force due to their longitudinal and transverse growth; the seeds themselves being held down by the weight of the superincumbent soil.
		The wood was so cut that the short space of radicle between the mouth of the hole and the bean could not bend laterally on three sides; but it was impossible to protect the fourth side, close to the bean.
	www.blackmask.com /books86c/pwmvp.htm (19516 words)

	595
		A germination and radicle length bioassay was used to determine the phytotoxic effect of stubble residues.
		Radicle length was measured twice to estimate radicle elongation rate and to avoid confounding radicle growth with germination time.
		Radicle growth rate was measured over a 48 hour interval and was expressed as a percentage of the mean of the control radicle elongation rate for the same period.
	www.regional.org.au /au/gcirc/2/595.htm (1551 words)

	Early Corn Development
		The radicle is a root that will emerge from the germ of the seed.
		Initially, the radicle’s direction of growth will be dependent on the orientation of the seed, but it will soon align downward at a 30º to 40º angle.
		As roots go, the three to four seminal roots and the radicle are very limited in their ability to sustain the developing plant.
	www.wyffels.com /pages/early_corn_development.html (670 words)

	Cell Division and Subsequent Radicle Protrusion in Tomato Seeds Are Inhibited by Osmotic Stress But DNA Synthesis and ...
		Microtubules accumulated in the shoot meristem and meristele of the cotyledons concomitantly with the disappearance of the tubulin granules.
		Note in the radicle tip, hypocotyl (shown in t), and shoot meristem the presence of a large number of tubulin granules resulting from degradation of the microtubular cytoskeleton accumulated during osmoconditioning.
		As in the radicle tip (m and p), the microtubular cytoskeleton, which was well formed after osmoconditioning, degraded after re-drying as a result of depolymerization of microtubules.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/122/2/327 (4406 words)

	Soybean & Corn Stand Establishment
		Shortly after radicle development, the hypocotyl (which connects the cotyledons and the radicle) begins to elongate and the hypocotyl arch pulls the cotyledons through the soil towards the soil surface, in a negative response to gravity.
		From the radicle, seminal (temporary) roots are formed that will anchor the plant and provide initial nutrient uptake until the permanent root system is formed.
		The mesocotyl is a stem-like structure between the radicle and the coleoptile that elongates to within ¾" to 1½" of the soil surface.
	www.lgseeds.com /lg_tech/tech_52.asp (2267 words)

	The Great Plains/Rocky Mountain HSRC - EFFECTS OF TNT AND 4-AMINO-2,6-DINITROTOLUENE ON TALL FESCUE GERMINATION AND ...
		Number germinated, radicle length, secondary root length, shoot length, seedling dry weight and respiration were measured for a 14-day period.
		Germination, radicle emergence and seedling development were not significantly different from the controls at 1.9 and 3.75 mg TNT L-1.
		Radicle emergence, root and shoot development were similar to the controls at 1.9 to 7.5 mg 4ADNT L-1.
	www.engg.ksu.edu /HSRC/Abstracts/peterson.html (348 words)

	/usr6/usr3/httpd_1.3/htdocs/agronomy/papers/139/139.temp.html
		The successfully germinated seeds were only able to grow to a radicle length ranging from 0.0 to 2.0 cm, compared to water control with a radicle length of 6.6 cm.
		Radicle elongation and seed germination of ryegrass were more inhibited by the extracts containing higher amounts of total phenolics (Fig.
		The phytotoxicity of wheat extracts in inhibiting radicle elongation of ryegrass varied significantly with wheat cultivars, from 19.2% for Vulcan and 98.7% for Sunbri.
	www.csu.edu.au /special/agronomy/papers/139/139_new.html (2122 words)

	Alfalfa - Seed Germination - Seedling Growth - Vegetative Development
		Externally the seed has several visible structures – the hilum or point of attachment in the seed pod, the lens or a weak point in the seed coat, and the micropyle, which is a remnant of the tiny opening the pollen tube grew through during the process of fertilizing the female ovary.
		Germination is the resumption of growth by the embryo within the seed leading to the development of a new plant.
		The process is influenced by available soil moisture, soil temperature, and the nature of the soil surrounding the seed (i.e., salty vs. normal soil) or residual herbicides that may be present in the soil.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/hay/r648w.htm (1321 words)

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	www.radicleinc.com /Services/ServicesAccountingBPO.htm (294 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Seeds of broomrapes are very small (about 0.3 X 0.2 mm) and limited seed reserves require that soon after germination the radicle contact a compatible host root within a few mm for attachment and further development.
		Several herbicides were tested to determine their effect on broomrape seed germination and radicle elongation.
		Glyphosate reduced radicle length by 40, 45, and 67 % at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mM, respectively.
	filebox.vt.edu /cals/pppws/foylab/swssajim.html (292 words)

	Class I {beta}-1,3-Glucanase and Chitinase Are Expressed in the Micropylar Endosperm of Tomato Seeds Prior to Radicle ...
		-1,3-Glucanase and chitinase activity of the micropylar region (endosperm cap and radicle tip) and the rest of tomato seeds (lateral endosperm and embryo) during imbibition and germination.
		C, The time course of germination (radicle emergence) in water at 25°C. Both germinated and ungerminated seeds were included in enzyme extractions at each time point.
		to increase in the micropylar endosperm cap prior to radicle protrusion.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/126/3/1299 (6885 words)

	Palm Seed Germination
		The actual cotyledon or seed leaf remains inside the seed, functioning as an absorptive organ called the "haustorium." The haustorium transfers nutrients from the endosperm to the young seedling.
		It appears as a swollen body abutting the seed surface and is called the "button." The radicle and plumule emerge from the bottom and top of the button.
		In palms with adjacent germination, the first seedling root or radicle is usually narrow and very short lived and is quickly replaced by roots formed at the seedling stem base (adventitious roots).
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /EP238 (5088 words)

	BI97Life\BI97broc\bi97pp7b (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The relative rate of respiration in the proximal and distal radicle of the kidney bean is recorded below.
		The relative rate of respiration of the distal radicle section is 4.71 mm of Hg/sec/Kg.
		The relative rate of respiration of the proximal radicle section is 3.57 mm of Hg/sec/Kg.
	www.woodrow.org /teachers/bi/1997/plantdev/bi97pp7b.htm (95 words)

	Cultural and Mechanical Weed Control
		Levels of FC in wheat- conventional-till soil extracts were not related to germination or radicle and hypocotyl length either species.
		Levels of FC in wheat-no-till soil extracts were also not related to germination of clover or morning glory, but were inversely related to radicle and hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory.
		Radicle and hypocotyl length of clover was inversely related to increasing FC and solute potential and directly related to decreasing acidity.
	www.nal.usda.gov /afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb94-52.htm (16535 words)

	Dr. Robert L. Geneve's Projects: Seed Biology at U of KY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Radicle growth is correlated with current stress tests (like cold test and accelerated aging) being used to evaluate seed quality, but has the potential advantages of being easily standardized from one seed lab to another and for automated control of the procedure.
		One alternative is to use radicle length in seedlings grown under controlled environments as an indicator of seed vigor.
		Previous studies have shown that ethylene evolution increases with the onset of radicle growth and that there is a correlation with the ability of a seed to produce ethylene and seed vigor.
	www.uky.edu /Projects/SeedBiology/projects.htm (860 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : Biology : Conditions needed for the Seed to Germinate
		It does not matter how the seed is positioned; if the radicle is pointing upwards when it comes out of the seed, it will turn around as it grows so that it always points downwards.
		The young plant, called a seedling, obtains its energy for the growth of the radicle and plumule from the food stores in the seed.
		The radicle develops many side roots and these grow outwards, pushing their way through the soil, taking in water and minerals.
	www.saburchill.com /chapters/chap0048.html (588 words)

	Radicle on embryo of wheat, Triticum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This longitudinal section of a wheat grain (Triticum aestivum, Family Poaceae) shows the embryo, stained red, with a prominent radicle on the lower side protected by a rootcap and an additional covering called the coleorhiza.
		The radicle is the first root of a plant, most often well developed in the embryo.
		In grasses the radicle leaves only a short time after germination and is replaced in function by adventitious roots.
	www.botgard.ucla.edu /html/botanytextbooks/generalbotany/typesofroots/d1068tx.html (70 words)

	The Germination Process in Corn (Purdue Univ.)
		First of all, the radicle root emerges first, near the tip end of the kernel, within two to three days in warm soils with adequate moisture.
		In cooler or drier soils, the radicle root may not emerge until one to two weeks after planting.
		When excessively cold and/or wet soils delay germination and/or emergence, the kernel and young seedling are subjected to lengthier exposure to damaging factors such as soil-borne seed diseases, insect feeding and injury from preplant or pre-emergent herbicides and carryover herbicides from a previous crop
	www.agry.purdue.edu /ext/corn/news/articles.00/Germination_Process-0418.html (449 words)

	Alignment of Lipid Bodies along the Plasma Membrane during the Acquisition of Desiccation Tolerance in Maize Seed -- ...
		Movement of lipid bodies toward the cell wall during preconditioning and field maturation in cells of the embryo radicle: root cap cells (A), outer (B) and inner (C) QC cells of seed harvested in 2000 at 500 g H
		Alignment of lipid bodies along the plasma membrane in inner QC cells of the embryo radicle after the seed was dried under different conditions in 1998, (A, B and C) seed harvested at 550, 400, and 320 g H
		that occurs from the periphery of the radicle to the inner core
	crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/42/6/1982 (3566 words)

	Halfbakery: Radicle Rotation
		when the car is past prime use the Radicle rotation as a fluid pump or metal bending press.
		This is pretty much exactly as in snowcrash, but with two things I like: one is use of the word "radicle", like rootlet, which made me think.
		I thought it was a typo too, but then I realized that if the spokes are considered little rootlets, radicle might be appropriate.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Radicle_20Rotation (891 words)

	Environmental Inquiry - Lettuce Seed Bioassays
		For each sprout, measure the radicle length to the nearest mm.
		Look carefully at the plants to make sure you are measuring just the radicle, not the shoot as well.
		If you think the data are much more variable than you would expect, you might want to explore the potential sources of variability for this type of experiment.
	ei.cornell.edu /toxicology/bioassays/Lettuce/data.asp (333 words)

	OSU:CGRB Hiro Nonogaki
		Since the balance between the embryo growth potential and the resistance of the endosperm determines whether the radicle emerges, it is important to focus on embryo- and endosperm-specific physiological events and the interplay between these two tissues for comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of seed germination.
		Endosperm weakening: We are conducting research on the mechanism of endosperm weakening using tomato seed as a model system, in which the endosperm plays a significant role in controlling the timing of germination.
		The micropylar region of the endosperm of tomato seed (called ‘endosperm cap’), which is adjacent to radicle tip, is a mechanical resistance to radicle elongation.
	www.cgrb.orst.edu /faculty/nonogaki (679 words)

	Embryo Physiological Responses to Cold by Two Cultivars of Oat during Germination -- Massardo et al. 40 (6): 1694 -- ...
		mm elongation) and radicle (10 mm elongation) emergence, are
		at the radicle stage, relative to the coleorhiza stage.
		Livingston D.P. Fructan precipitation from a water/ethanol extract of oats and barley.
	crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/40/6/1694 (4248 words)

	The seeds
		- The radicle is the part of the embryo which emerges first.
		- The hypocotyl is the space between the radicle and the plumule.
		It seems that in some cases it must be produced during the season, otherwise the seeds become rotten.Whereas in other cases they can wait hundreds of years.
	www.botanical-online.com /llavorangles.htm (387 words)

	ABLE: Invertase Activity in Root Growth
		It is important to grow sufficient numbers of corn seedlings with radicles of the appropriate length.
		Immediately transfer 0.5-ml samples of solution (use a 1-ml syringe, and be careful not to remove radicle sections) from vials 1, 3, and 6 into the 20-ml test tubes numbered 7, 8, and 9.
		The amount of glucose produced by each 2-mm radicle section in each vial is the amount of glucose in each vial divided by the number of radicle sections (i.e., five).
	www.zoo.utoronto.ca /able/volumes/vol-15/6-peruma/6-peruma.htm (4158 words)

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