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Topic: Radio Electronic Token Block

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Railway signal

Signal box

	Modernisation of the Cambrian Lines
		Fundamental to the concept of R.E.T.B signalling is the need to have extensive radio coverage from the control centre to the trains working within the area of control.
		After receiving an electronic token (which is displayed on the C.D.U.) the driver gives a verbal acknowledgement of correct receipt of the token and requests verbal confirmation of authority from the signaller to proceed.
		Under R.E.T.B operation, the lineside signalling can be simplified because the electronic token in the cab and the radio communication to the signaller give a form of cab signalling.
	www.signalbox.org /branches/aj (2341 words)

	[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Train Working - Block and Non Block systems
		The permission to enter the block may be in the form of a physical token carried by the train crew while the train is in the block, or may be implicit in the aspects of signals governing access to the block.
		The block section is usually taken to be the section of track from the most advanced signal controlled by the station in the rear (usually the starter or advanced starter signal), and the rearmost signal controlled by the station ahead (usually the home or outer home signal).
		Block instruments (see below for details) control the coordinated movement of trains on the block section; the block instruments of the two stations or signalboxes at either end of the block section are electrically interconnected for this purpose.
	www.irfca.org /faq/faq-signal4_b.html (6459 words)

	Single Line Operation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The token instruments at each end of a single line section were electrically interlocked so that the act of removing a token locked both machines and prevented further removals from either instrument until the missing token was replaced at one end or the other.
		A token for authority for passage along a single line could only be removed by the signalman at the departure end if the signalman at the receiving end pressed a plunger which released the token on the departure end instrument.
		If a second train had to follow the first, a second token was released by the receiving end signalman as before and removed from the departure end, locking both instruments again until it was inserted in the instrument at the other end.
	www.railway-technical.com /sigsing.html (2548 words)

	glossary railroad railway operation control signaling signalling signal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A fixed block system in which a train may enter a block section only after the last train ahead has completely cleared the block section and is protected by a stop signal.
		A form of radio-based train control in which the movement authority for a block section is issued in form of an electronic token which is transmitted by radio from the radio block center to the train.
		A block system for single track lines in which the movement authority for a block section depends on the posession of a token which is handed out the train engineer and handed back after clearing the section.
	www.ivev.bau.tu-bs.de /~pachl/glossary.htm (4707 words)

	Computer, Telephony and Electronics Glossary and Dictionary
		In general, a token is an object that represents something else, such as another object (either physical or virtual), or an abstract concept as, for example, a gift is sometimes referred to as a token of the giver's esteem for the recipient.
		In a token ring network, the presence of a token (which is simply a particular bit setting) in a continually circulating transmission stream allows a device to change the bit setting (thus taking the token) and put a message in its place.
		The receiver of the message elsewhere in the token ring network removes the message and resets the bit setting (thus putting the token back) so that someone else in the ring of devices will be able to have a turn at using that message space.
	www.csgnetwork.com /glossaryt.html (6912 words)

	[No title]
		An electronic interface in the switch converts the analog signal traveling on the link from the telephone set to the switch into digital signal called a bit stream.
		In token rings computers are attached by point-to-point links in a unidirectional ring configuration, Figure 5 b, using token ring interface boards.
		Electronic mail was originally just a kind of file transfer, but later a specialized protocol (SMTP) was developed for it.
	www.cs.ucla.edu /classes/winter04/cs117/orig/intro.doc (9435 words)

	Radio On A Boat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		IMHO the better choice is the Marine SSB radio for this single reason: In case of any emergency, where you are unable to operate the radio, nearly anyone can operate the Marine SSB radio, whereas the ham set is far more difficult for the average user to operate.
		A marine SSB radio is often 150 W (the max allowed), while a Ham radio is often lower power.
		Some Ham radios can tune in smaller increments with the knob than is reflected by the frequency display, so you may have to tweak the knob a bit.
	www.geocities.com /bill_dietrich/Radio.html (16364 words)

	How Things Work - Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Not all radiations are the same, and radio or microwave radiation is particularly nondestructive at low intensities.
		That's why all practical maglev trains use either electromagnets with feedback circuitry (magnets that can be changed electronically to correct for their tendencies to crash) or magnetoelectrodynamic levitation (induced magnetism in a conducting track, created by a very fast moving (>100 mph) magnetized train).
		The shadow mask is a metal grillwork that allows the three electrons beams to hit only specific phosphor dots on the inside of the tube's front surface.
	howthingswork.virginia.edu /radio.html (20610 words)

	Communications and Control
		Someone realised that the man was not required as long as his badge of office was used and in 1853 the LNWR introduced a system involving a staff or baton, which was handed to the train driver as he entered the section of track, only a driver in possession of the staff could proceed.
		The token was passed to the train driver, so he knew he was protected by the signals, and he dropped it off at the next signal box.
		The tokens were set up on a post by the track with the arm loop angled towards the line (for this duty the older 'staff' or baton type tokens were also fitted with the eighteen inch diameter loop).
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /gansg/3-sigs/comscont.htm (6491 words)

	Troubleshooting and Repair of Consumer Electronic Equipment
		And, while electronic troubleshooting of CD players and VCRs is definitely for the advanced course, they often have problems that can be easily remedied by a proper cleaning and/or general maintenance.
		For consumer electronics, you will get by with a 100 MHz unit, but it is preferable to have over 200 MHz bandwidth if you want to do front end service on consumer FM radio receivers.
		When powering up a TV (or any other modern electronic devices with expensive power semiconductors) that has had work done on any power circuits, it is desirable to minimize the chance of blowing your newly installed parts should there still be a fault.
	repairfaq.ece.drexel.edu /sam/tshoot.htm (21347 words)

	radio electronic token block, shopping, products, goods
		We update our links often so feel free to visit us again if you want more radio electronic token block.
		verb) The science and technology of electronic phenomena.
		(used with a pl. verb) Electronic devices and systems: The electronics aboard the new aircraft are very sophisticated.
	www.electronics.any-goods.com /radio-electronic-token-block.htm (106 words)

	Network Rail's 2000 30-metre masts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		We have...launched a project to develop a digital radio system, initially to replace NRN but with the capability also to replace CSR where the additional performance of a 'secure' system is required.
		Radio technology - the National Radio Network (NRN) and Cab-Secure Radio (CSR) - is already in use on the majority of the network.
		CSR radio is a more sophisticated two-way dedicated radio between a specific train and the signal box/control centre, which is more appropriate to Driver Only Operated (DOO) trains in south east England.
	www.mastsanity.org /actions/railmasts/netrail.htm (10773 words)

	Lexcie’s Pictorial Guide to Common Amtrak Locomotives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The two-way radios are made available to the traincrew as a safeguard in addition to the signals, although under certain circumstances, the radio themselves become vital and safety-critical.
		The train-to-train radios are also particularly useful in a shunting situation where the signalman does not need to be aware of the situation, for example, a reverse action call can be made to the driver by a shunter standing between the carriages ready to couple the ETH/HEP wires.
		The conductors make use of the radio to tell the driver when the train doors are lined up with the platform, a valid use when the train lengths vary and the drivers cannot be expected to run to such accuracy without assistance.
	www.lexcie.zetnet.co.uk /tops-amtrak.htm (8912 words)

	Single Line Operation
		The driver would have in his possession the Staff, in the early days made of wood, later on of metal, on which would be engraved the names of either end of the section.
		Tokens and Staffs and were painted in different colours as well as having different configurations to prevent confusion betweem adjacent sections, though knowing the correct colour did not remove the obligation for him to check that the correct ends of section were engraved on the Staff or Tokent
		Radio Electronic Token Block was developed primarily as a cost reduction exercise as it does away with the need for interlocking and frequent Signalboxes.
	www.semg.org.uk /proto/single-line.html (909 words)

	Rail Safety and Standards Board - Formal Inquiries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Group standard GK/RT0054 Radio Electronic Token Block should mandate the use of fouling point markers at crossing loops and other locations where running movements could come to a stand foul of adjacent running lines.
		Training for train planners on RETB lines should be status as other train signalling regulation and become a group standard.
		Provisions to be made for the maintenance of fouling point markers on RETB controlled lines, including adequate vegetation control to ensure their visibility from any location within the crossing loop area.
	www.rssb.co.uk /glen.asp (637 words)

	Articles - Railway signal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Traditionally, signalling systems were effective at providing protection where trains were travelling in the same direction, but less so on single line sections, where trains used the same track in both directions.
		To provide an additional safeguard on such lines, a driver was given a physical object called a token to authorise him to use a particular stretch of single track.
		Since electrical locking prevents more than one token being released at any one time, for a given section of track, the driver could be confident that another train would not meet him from the other direction.
	www.storegolf.com /articles/Railway_signal (2021 words)

	Route guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is the only passing loop on the branch line and the interested observer may watch the exchange of metal tokens between our driver and the signalman.
		This road is often blocked by snow in winter.
		The signalbox here, built in the 1950s, is now the control centre for the Radio Electronic Token Block signalling which governs the whole Cambrian system west of Shrewsbury.
	www.penmorfa.com /Cambrian/route.htm (5132 words)

	nl1
		In that amateur radio now has such little appeal is obvious enough but it's not a problem local to the Mendip district nor even to the U.K. as these factors (in keeping with the times) operate globally.
		Amateur radio as a scientific and technical hobby resisting major changes will not survive much beyond the present generation except as an increasingly eccentric and "retro" atavistic hobby interest comparable with the love of wooden sailing boats, antique machinery restoration or running old steam traction and locomotives.
		The ongoing administrative needs of this local amateur radio society (ARS) of several hundred or more members paying only token subscriptions is sufficient argument for me "to put the pudding to the proof" in making the first practical incremental steps at evolving a local digital network in the form of a pilot LAN Server.
	www.wlan.org.uk /nl1.htm (3714 words)

	"The Mind as the Software of the Brain" by Ned Block
		Since the line between the upper levels of processors and the level of primitive processors is the same as the line between cognitive science and one of the "realization" sciences such as electronics or physiology, the boundary between the levels of complex processors and the level of primitive processors will have the same fuzziness.
		To take a slightly silly example, if a token of s and a token of s-->t are both positively charged so that they repel each other, that could prevent logic processors from putting them together to yield a token of t.
		In sum, if we could refute the content approach by showing that the the syntactic approach is more general and fine grained than the content approach, then we could also refute the syntactic approach by exhibiting the same deficiency in it relative to a still deeper theory.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/philo/faculty/block/papers/msb.html (19326 words)

	UCRS-MP&RS (EWS Class 66/0 - Roster: 66051-100) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fitted during the summer of 2000 with Radio Electronic Token Block (RETB) equipment so the locomotives can work on RETB controlled lines in Scotland.
		By June 2001 66100 is reported to have had the RETB equipment removed.
		Suffered extensive fire damage in a derailment at Corby on 21 May 2001when the fuel tank ruptured.
	www.btinternet.com /~ucrs/ucrs/mprs/mprs291-0b.html (251 words)

	Comment from Railway Gazette International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is worked by Radio Electronic Token Block with unlocked sprung points at passing loops, except for 6km between Machynlleth and Dovey Junction which has track-circuit block and will be controlled from a new computer-based interlocking at Machynlleth.
		ERTMS will be thoroughly tested in shadow mode during 2007, and the existing RETB and signalling will be dismantled at the end of that year when ERTMS assumes full control of trains.
		The EDS project is due to be completed by the end of 2008, when decisions on its future deployment will be taken.
	www.railwaygazette.com /2004/046-com1.asp (437 words)

	Feedback (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This train was formed of two two-car 158 units, and is shown in the printed timetables, as having portions for the Aberystwyth and Pwllheli lines, but there was no information to this effect on display, although when I asked the driver he advised us to sit in the rear two cars.
		Later, when the guard was asked by passengers, the guard said he could not be sure that any coaches were going through to Pwllheli, but he would be told on the radio at Talerddig and would announce then what would happen...
		North of Dovey Junction the line is worked by the Radio Electronic Token Block (RETB) system, which requires no fixed signals except point indicators, and the crossing loop points are all sprung so that trains can travel through them without any need for an operating mechanism.
	www.penmorfa.com /Cambrian/feedback.htm (3078 words)

	Signalling Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		ATP Transmission and Moving Block Systems - Different ways that ATP works and moving block systems - with diagrams.
		Radio Electronic Token Block - An excellent description of the operation of RETB by Alan Jones on the
		Absolute Permissive Block Signalling System - A useful explanation of the US ABS system in a model railroading site with electronic modules to equip model layouts.
	www.railway-technical.com /sigind.html (1250 words)

	Rail Safety and Standards Board - Vehicle/Track Control SIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The SIC has formed a sub group, of cross industry representatives to provide technical and operational expertise to the SIC to achieve its objectives.
		The sub group has, in turn, formed a smaller AWS working group to look specifically at the implications of using single strength electronic receivers over areas of both high and low strength track magnets.
		A separate radio electronic token block (RETB) working group has also been formed, reporting to the sub group, to examine the specific requirements for the life extension of the RETB signalling systems.
	www.rssb.co.uk /vtc_sic.asp (154 words)

	AEA Technology Rail : What we do : View by market sector : Infrastructure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Combining the advantages of transmission based cab signalling with significant installation and operational cost savings Radio Electronic Token Block (RETB) is a proven, low-cost signalling system for lightly used lines.
		RII is a sub-system of the Integrated Electronic Control Centre (IECC®) and provides an interface to relay-based or electronic interlockings.
		The successful development and application of safety critical railway signalling and control systems is of vital importance to today’s rail transport network.
	www.aeat.co.uk /rail/what/infrastructure.htm (1368 words)

	Daily News by Radok News
		Grinch-like virus writers are spreading their version of holiday cheer by embedding a variant of the so-called "Zafi" e-mail worm inside electronic greetings.
		Federal regulators are considering a new indecency regulation that would require broadcasters to keep recordings of their programs for a limited period of time.
		According to a report by the American Electronics Association, high-tech companies blame second-rate math and science education in the U.S. for the offshoring of high-tech jobs.
	www.radoknews.com (9176 words)

	An Atheist Manifesto
		By the same token, the countries whose people are the most enlightened, and whose governments are based upon the principle of secularism -- the separation of church and state -- are the most progressive.
		To build a church when a hospital is needed is to take from the parched lips of the sick the cup of relief and from the suffering the merciful hand of help.
		When the object of man's conduct will be to improve the conditions of his fellow man and not the appeasement of a mythical God, he will become more understanding and more indulgent of the frailties, mistakes, and action of others, and by the same token he will become more appreciative of their efforts.
	www.positiveatheism.org /hist/lewis/lewis03.htm (7251 words)

	East Suffolk Line
		The line was singled in many places in 1984, and through services to London were withdrawn.
		At the same time British Rail installed a Radio Electronic Token Block system; this allowed signals to be controlled from a central location at Saxmundham.
		Today the line is double track from Ipswich to Woodbridge, and Saxmundham to Halesworth; 16 miles of single track north of Halesworth prevent an hourly service.
	www.eastsuffolkline.com /railwayline.html (290 words)

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