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Topic: Radio Marti

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	RWonline - RW Special Report
		He is a veteran broadcast journalist from the Miami area, having previously served as the director of WOCN Union Radio, news director for WQBA La Cubanisima Radio, and most recently as media director for the city of Miami.
		And Radio Martí is something of a foreign policy relic of the late 20th century.
		In 1990, the Office of Cuba Broadcasting or OCB was established to oversee the operations of Radio Martí and its television counterpart, TV Martí.
	www.radioworld.com /reference-room/special-report/02_rwm_marti.shtml (1517 words)

	U.S. study blasts Radio Marti
		Radio Marti's management and outside overseers have been lax in overseeing the professionalism of its broadcasts to Cuba, and some of its programs lack balance and fairness, a lengthy U.S. government investigation has concluded.
		The inspector's report said Radio Marti management has long had problems keeping proper controls on broadcast quality, but that the problem grew somewhat worse after President Clinton named Miami lawyer Herminio San Roman to head the radio and television broadcast agency in early 1997.
		The IBB requested the second report in 1997 to determine whether Radio Marti was meeting all requirements for foreign broadcasts.
	www.christusrex.org /www2/fcf/usstudyradiomartiblast.html (723 words)

	Radio News in August 2004 :: DXing.info
		Radio Martí announced the use of the new frequency on August 21 on a test basis, and the State Department confirmed the use of a new platform on August 23.
		Radio Scandinavia is broadcasting from Mariehamn, capital of the autonomous region of Åland.
		Radio Norteña is located about 55 kilometers northeast of the capital, and caters to people who have come to the capital region from the northeastern part of Argentina.
	www.dxing.info /news/2004_08.dx (1476 words)

	OCB Fact Sheet
		Radio Marti transmitted its first broadcast on May 20, 1985, from studios in Washington, D.C. The broadcast was the culmination of a three-year, bipartisan effort in Congress that resulted in passage of the Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act of 1983.
		As a result, the TV Marti signal is now shifted to include areas east and west of Havana randomly during the broadcast in an effort to lessen the effects of jamming.
		The Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act of 1985 required the establishment of a nine-member, presidentially appointed Advisory Board to review the activities of Radio Marti (and later TV Marti) and to make recommendations to the President and the Broadcasting Board of Governors.
	ibb7-2.ibb.gov /pubaff/ocbfact.html (1190 words)

	Clandestine Radio: An Anti-Castro Historiography
		Radio Swan, a "fl" station broadcasting during the invasion was a propaganda operation.
		For many Cubans, stations like Radio Marti, provide a news outlet that is not readily available domestically because of the control of domestic media by the Cuban government that uses its own internal propaganda to control public opinion.
		Radio Marti, a "white" clandestine station established by the U.S. government in 1985 continues to broadcast news and information to the people of Cuba.
	www.cubapolidata.com /ach/ach.html (1447 words)

	What Is Keeping Radio Marti Silent?
		Radio Marti's airwaves were silent yesterday, as they have been for month after month, despite the Reagan Administration's commitment to broadcast accurate news to Cuba.
		Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty provide news withheld by communist governments, making it possible for millions of listeners behind the Iron Curtain to know the truth about the West and their own countries.
		Radio Marti also is important as a response to the ideological war so deftly waged by the Soviet Union and its allies, especially Cuba.
	www.heritage.org /Research/LatinAmerica/EM73.cfm (776 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/RADIO LIBERTY
		Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty has a long and distinguished history, but it has been anything but a simple one.
		Free Europe, Inc., was established in 1949 as nonprofit, private corporation to broadcast news and current affairs programs to Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain.
		The Radio Liberty Committee, Inc., was created two years later along the same lines to broadcast to the nations inside the Soviet Union.
	www.rferl.org /about/organization/history.asp (203 words)

	Radio and TV MartÃ: Washington Guns after Castro at Any Cost - Council on Hemispheric Affairs
		The formation of Radio and TV MartÃ is often looked upon as one of the CANFâs and Mas Canosaâs greatest achievements, though some would contend that the projectâs only real success has been to absorb massive quantities of taxpayer funds.
		Polls show that after Radio MartÃâs late 1990s switch from a news format to one mixed with entertainment, its listenership decreased dramatically, and though the station has since returned to its original all news format, it has failed to regain its past audience base.
		Some U.S. critics with a communications background oppose Radio and TV MartÃ as a matter of principle, agreeing with the Cuban governmentâs annual complaints to the International Telecommunication Union, that even aiming its signal at Cuba from U.S. airspace violates the international regulations regarding broadcasting, to which both the U.S. and Cuba are signatories.
	www.coha.org /2006/03/29/radio-and-tv-marti-washington-guns-after-castro-at-any-cost (4130 words)

	TV/Radio Marti Boost Their Volume to Cuba, Expanding Their Services \| USC Center on Public Diplomacy \| Public Diplomacy ...
		But a fair observation in 2007 is that the new Martis have emerged from their elongated, painful learning curve of some 20-years, and are now producing news and information programs in expanded formats that rate placement on commercial broadcast facilities, and big ones, that want programs that attract audiences.
		An hour of Radio Marti's news programs are carried each night, midnight to 1:00AM, by Miami's most popular Spanish language station, Radio Mambi (WAQI-710AM), which blankets the island of Cuba with its 50,000 watt signal, although it's jammed in Havana.
		The Marti news programs fit comfortably into the formats of the commercial stations, with the attractive young anchors who were born long after Castro came to power.
	uscpublicdiplomacy.com /index.php/newsroom/pdblog_detail/070104_tv_radio_marti_boost_their_volume_to_cuba_expanding_their_services (1629 words)

	INTERVIEW WITH ERNESTO BETANCOURT, FORMER RADIO MARTI DIRECTOR
		EB: Radio Marti was established in 1985 to bring to the Cuban people the news that the Castro government prevented them from having access to.
		My objection to TV Marti was that, in my opinion, any US broadcast should be first rate in content and quality of signal and, from what had been established in the VOA Task Force for TV Marti, this was not feasible at the time.
		As to TV Marti, the test made with the C-130 [airplane] on May 20 this year revealed that that is the way to go.
	www.amigospais-guaracabuya.org /oagaq109.php (3690 words)

	Scoop: TV Martí: Washington Guns after Castro at Any Cost
		Radio Martí was established in 1985, with TV Martí following five years later.
		Polls show that after Radio Martí’s late 1990s switch from a news format to one mixed with entertainment, its listenership decreased dramatically, and though the station has since returned to its original all news format, it has failed to regain its past audience base.
		Some U.S. critics with a communications background oppose Radio and TV Martí as a matter of principle, agreeing with the Cuban government’s annual complaints to the International Telecommunication Union, that even aiming its signal at Cuba from U.S. airspace violates the international regulations regarding broadcasting, to which both the U.S. and Cuba are signatories.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/WO0603/S00501.htm (4684 words)

	U.S. study blasts Radio Marti
		Radio Marti's management and outside overseers have been lax in overseeing the professionalism of its broadcasts to Cuba, and some of its programs lack balance and fairness, a lengthy U.S. government investigation has concluded.
		The inspector's report said Radio Marti management has long had problems keeping proper controls on broadcast quality, but that the problem grew somewhat worse after President Clinton named Miami lawyer Herminio San Roman to head the radio and television broadcast agency in early 1997.
		The IBB requested the second report in 1997 to determine whether Radio Marti was meeting all requirements for foreign broadcasts.
	www.fiu.edu /~fcf/usstudyradiomartiblast.html (723 words)

	MiamiHerald.com \| 12/19/2006 \| Radio, TV Martí to be aired locally
		Taxpayer-funded TV and Radio Martí are spending $377,500 to air select programs on South Florida broadcast stations over the next six months, using loopholes in a law that prohibits the propaganda channels from distribution within the United States.
		TV and Radio Martí, and other U.S. government-funded media such as Voice of America, are prohibited by law from airing in the United States because their content is designed for foreign audiences.
		According to the act governing Radio Martí, the U.S. government is allowed to lease time on the AM band to overcome significant signal-jamming by the Cuban government.
	origin.thestate.com /mld/miamiherald/news/world/cuba/16270804.htm?source=rss&channel=miamiherald_cuba (775 words)

	Radio Martí and the Peninsular Construction of Cuban Identity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Insofar as the program content on Radio Martí covers recent changes in the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc countries, the aim of these transmissions seems to be to modify the political identity of Cubans on the island and to spur the end of Communism in Cuba, patterning these changes after those in Europe.
		The radio program was conceived by the Reagan administration and members of the exiled Cuban community as a medium through which to disseminate objective news to the people of Cuba: ostensibly to counter propaganda by Fidel Castro and his government.
		Insofar as Radio Martí presents itself as a friendly voice, insofar as it addresses and seeks to undermine local constructions of, for example, the United States as a hostile voice, Radio Martí operators are aware of the interpretive framework which their listeners might be employing.
	www.gate.net /~dsaco/Radio_Marti_MA.html (17568 words)

	Radio and TV Marti beef up broadcasting - Boston.com
		As a taxpayer-funded radio and TV station run mostly by Cuban exiles expand broadcasts to Cuba in the wake of President Fidel Castro's ceding of power, they are also countering longtime critics who question their relevance, credibility and reach.
		More than two decades after Radio Marti first began sending its signals to Cuba as an alternative to the government-controlled media, the station is beefing up radio and TV programs following news that Cuban President Fidel Castro has temporarily relinquished power.
		MIAMI --As a taxpayer-funded radio and TV station run mostly by Cuban exiles expand broadcasts to Cuba in the wake of President Fidel Castro's ceding of power, they are also countering longtime critics who question their relevance, credibility and reach.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/articles/2006/08/10/stations_aim_to_promote_change_in_cuba (798 words)

	Radio Marti
		Staff of the Radio Marti Office of Research monitors Cuban broadcasts, reviews Cuban publications, talks with Cuban immigrants, defectors and visitors in order to gauge what domestic broadcasts in Cuba lack.
		is the most-listened to radio station on the island.
		The USIA maintains a webpage with information on Radio Marti at: http://www.usia.gov/usiahome/bbureau.htm.
	www.qsl.net /yb0rmi/marti.htm (792 words)

	Cuba News / The Miami Herald - CubaNet News - Noticias de Cuba / Cuba News
		Radio Mambí is one of the highest-rated radio stations in South Florida and is known for its strong anti-Castro stance.
		Taxpayer-funded TV and Radio Martí are spending $377,500 to air select programs on South Florida broadcast stations over the next six months, using loopholes in a law that prohibits the propaganda channels from distribution within the United States.
		TV and Radio Martí, and other U.S. government-funded media such as Voice of America, are prohibited by law from airing in the United States because their content is designed for foreign audiences.
	www.cubanet.org /CNews/y06/dec06/20e3.htm (10614 words)

	Manual (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/ RL) is a nonprofit, international communications organization broadcasting to Eastern and Southeastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Southwestern Asia.
		Radio Free Asia Radio Free Asia (RFA) is a private, nonprofit news organization providing daily broadcasts in nine languages to listeners in Asia whose governments restrict freedom of information and expression.
		In accordance with the Broadcasting to Cuba Act of 1983, Radio Marti follows Voice of America journalistic standards and guidelines for presenting a variety of news and information in an accurate and objective manner and is guided by the standards and principles of the U.S. International Broadcasting Act.
	infomanage.com /gov/index.php?topic=52.msg119 (1051 words)

	INGLES GRANMA INTERNACIONAL DIGITAL, CUBA
		A woman friend of Lew, Nancy Pérez-Crespo, also a Radio Mambí employee, receives an annual salary of $45,000 USD for directing a daily program to which she systematically invites none other than the irate and vituperative Ninoska Pérez-Castellón, the daughter and wife of Batista terrorists.
		Similarly, an African-American collaborator on Radio Martí (one of the few minorities among the 200 employees) has seen his paycheck reduced from $100 to $85 USD, while the salaries of his new colleagues have reached levels never seen before in the station.
		According to that news agency, Ros-Lehtinen’s office stated that the intention of the hearings was to respond to the basic question of the effectiveness of messages transmitted by Radio and TV Martí since their creation.
	www.granma.cu /ingles/junio02-3/25radio-i.html (1373 words)

	Overview of Radio and Television Marti (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Radio and TV Marti are integrating more entertainment into their program schedules to balance its heavy emphasis on news and political reporting.
		In accordance with the legislation that created Radio and TV Marti, we are dedicated to providing the people of Cuba with a reliable source of news and information that is accurate and objective and to the promotion of freedom and democracy for the Cuban people denied to them by the Cuban government.
		Flake and myself that would have diverted the funding from TV Marti to Radio Marti for the purposes that he stated, and it was prompted by a series of articles that appeared in Miami newspapers about serious budget issues as well as personnel issues.
	commdocs.house.gov /committees/intlrel/hfa87672.000/hfa87672_0.htm (13019 words)

	Radio Marti critics see too little bang for buck in Cuba - Nation/Politics - The Washington Times, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MIAMI (AP) -- Longtime critics are questioning Radio Marti's relevance, credibility and reach as the taxpayer-funded radio and TV station run mostly by Cuban exiles expands its broadcasts in the wake of President Fidel Castro's transfer of power.
		Congress has approved roughly $500 million in funding since Radio Marti opened 21 years ago, and TV Marti five years later, in an effort to promote the free flow of ideas within Cuba.
		In 2006, it approved $10 million to beam TV Marti to the island in addition to the stations' annual budget of $27 million.
	www.washtimes.com /national/20060811-123443-6404r.htm (591 words)

	MiamiHerald.com \| 12/17/2006 \| Radio, TV Martí face another government audit
		''Radio and TV Martí will play a significant role in providing the Cuban people with vital information on the pro-democracy movement's efforts throughout the island to bring about democratic change,'' Díaz-Balart said in an e-mail through a spokeswoman.
		As of 2005, Radio Martí, which is best heard on shortwave radio that bypasses Cuba's jamming, spent about 250 times more to reach a listener in Cuba than the U.S. spent to reach listeners through the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, Voice of America and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, records show.
		Despite the transmitting challenges and ghost broadcasts, Roig doubled the number of TV shows this year, and some of TV and Radio Martí's contractors' hours were extended, he said -- all in an effort to broaden the appeal of programming to a younger and more diverse Cuban audience.
	origin.miami.com /mld/miamiherald/news/local/16262777.htm?source=rss&channel=miamiherald_local (1673 words)

	Radio Marti Denies Cuba's Charges of Biased Coverage - 2002-02-28 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A U.S. government funded radio station that broadcasts to Cuba has denied charges it distorted its news coverage to cause upheaval on the communist-run island.
		Radio Marti issued a response after Cuba's government accused it of inciting asylum-seekers in Havana, who crashed a bus through the gate of Mexico's embassy late Wednesday.
		Cuba's government accuses Miami-based Radio Marti of what it calls a "gross provocation." Cuba says Radio Marti manipulated the words of Mexico's foreign minister to imply that Mexico had opened its doors to all asylum-seekers, and that the gate-crashing incident at Mexico's embassy in Havana came as a direct result of the broadcasts.
	www.voanews.com /english/archive/2002-02/a-2002-02-28-9-Radio.cfm (452 words)

	Radio, TV Marti increases reach with Castro news \| Ocala.com \| Star-Banner \| Ocala, Fla.
		MIAMI - As a taxpayer-funded radio and TV station run mostly by Cuban exiles expand broadcasts to Cuba in the wake of President Fidel Castro's ceding of power, they are also countering longtime critics who question their relevance, credibility and reach.
		Congress has approved roughly $500 million for both broadcasts since Radio Marti opened 21 years ago, and TV Marti five years later, in an effort to promote the free flow of ideas within in Cuba.
		On Saturday, TV Marti expanded its four-hour a night transmission to six days a week, using a new Lockheed Martin G1 aircraft to beat the jamming.
	www.ocala.com /apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060811/NEWS/208110377/1002/news (750 words)

	Harr, Radio and TV Marti
		The formation of Radio and TV Marti is often looked upon as one of the CANF’s and Mas Canosa’s greatest achievements, though some would contend that the project’s only real success has been to absorb massive quantities of taxpayer funds.
		Polls show that after Radio Marti’s late 1990s switch from a news format to one mixed with entertainment, its listenership decreased dramatically, and though the station has since returned to its original all news format, it has failed to regain its past audience base.
		Marti’s congressional supporters, led by none other than treasury plunderer Representative Lincoln Diaz-Balart responded with a stark warning that revenge would be exacted on those who might threaten the continuation of the Marti operation, making an example of Skaggs by attempting to slash federal funding for projects in his home district.
	www.thepanamanews.com /pn/v_12/issue_07/opinion_04.html (3647 words)

	Marti Model 2R10
		It was reorganized as the Marti Radio Corporation, and operated briefly under that name, but disappeared shortly thereafter, a victim of the Depression.
		These are thin sheets of aluminum that were repetitively polished by a circular tool to produce the swirl effect, and then coated with a clear lacquer for protection.
		While it was advertised as an "all electric" radio, it still needed a 4.5 volt "C" battery to provide a bias voltage to the McCullough tubes.
	uv201.com /Radio_Pages/Twenties/marti_2r10.htm (620 words)

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