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	Radio Regulations - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Radio Regulations is an intergovernmental treaty text of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Geneva based specialised agency of the United Nations which coordinates and standardises the operation of telecommunication networks and services and advances the development of communications technology.
		The drafting, revision and adoption of the Radio Regulations is the responsibility of the World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRCs) of the ITU, meetings of which are typically held every three or four years.
		The 2004 edition contains the complete texts of the Radio Regulations as adopted and revised by the 2003 WRC including all articles, appendices, resolutions, and a subset of the recommendations issued by ITU-R (previously known as the CCIR) (those "recommendations" which have a mandatory nature, as a result of being cited in the Radio Regulations).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Radio_Regulations (218 words)

	Amateur radio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In fact, amateur radio's role in public service and international relations is such an integral part of the hobby that the United States Federal Communications Commission has gone so far as to codify some of these items in its amateur radio regulations.
		Amateur radio operators who are doctors, engineers, educators, lawyers, entertainers, electricians, farmers, bankers, and government employees (to name a few) have frequently found practical on-the-job applicability to ideas learned through the study of electronics and communications in amateur radio.
		The propagation of radio waves at these frequencies, especially during anomalous conditions, is poorly understood, and amateurs lead the way in learning about these, although high absorption of water and oxygen molecules in this region of the electromagnetic spectrum often limits practical uses to kilometres or tens of kilometres.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ham_radio (5367 words)

	Regulations For Radio Apparatus and Operators on Steamers: July 1, 1913
		Radio inspectors are authorized to communicate directly in their respective districts with collectors of customs, and to cooperate with them in the enforcement of the laws.
		Radio inspectors and customs officers may, however, accept as evidence of the efficiency of the apparatus and the skill of an operator messages shown to have been transmitted and received by him over a distance of at least 100 miles, by day, during the voyage to the United States.
		When the radio apparatus is certified as complying with the requirements of law by the competent authorities of a foreign Government, such certificate will be recognized by this Department, but the radio inspector or customs officer may, if he deem it necessary or desirable, satisfy himself that the apparatus is in good working order.
	www.earlyradiohistory.us /1913stm.htm (3086 words)

	Regulations Governing Radio Communication: February 20, 1913
		The attention of all owners and operators of apparatus for radio communication is invited to the act of August 13, 1912, to regulate radio communication and to the following regulations to carry out that act and the International Radiotelegraphic Convention, proclaimed by the President of the United States.
		The principal purpose of the regulation of radio communication, international and national, is to secure the greatest efficiency of maritime communication through this agency, especially as a means of promoting safety to life.
		The radio inspector will then issue the department's blank form of application for license to be filled in by the applicant and returned to the radio inspector with a statement when the ship will be in port and its radio apparatus may be thoroughly inspected.
	earlyradiohistory.us /1913areg.htm (4220 words)

	WRC-95, An IAU Perspective
		Radio astronomy shares this spectrum with many other radiocommunication services that are regarded as essentially for everyday living, and for the purpose of frequency regulation is treated as a radio-communication service.
		Some of the preliminary proposals under consideration by countries will affect radio astronomy, and I am sending around this message in the hope that IAU members may be able to influence the radiocommunication representatives of their countries and minimise the damage to radio astronomy.
		For radio astronomy bands near these allocations, this increases the possibility of interference from aeronautical transmitters associated with this service - even though planes may be transmitting upwards to satellites, because of the poor directivity of the antennas, some of the signals will reach the ground and may interfere with radio astronomy observations.
	www.aas.org /~light/pollution_wrc95_whiteoak.html (917 words)

	Radio Laws and Regulations of the United States: July 27, 1914
		The London Convention and Regulations do not modify or repeal the act of August 13, 1912 to regulate radio communication or the acts of June 24, 1910, and July 23, 1912, to require apparatus and operators for radio communication on certain ocean steamers.
		Ships provided with radio installations and classed under the first two categories indicated in Article XIII are bound to have radio installations for distress calls all the elements of which shall be kept under conditions of the greatest possible safety to be determined by the Government issuing the license.
		The management of the radio service of the different countries shall forward to the International Bureau a table in conformity with the annexed blank, containing the data enumerated in said table for stations such as referred to in Article V of the Regulations.
	www.earlyradiohistory.us /1914reg.htm (10639 words)

	International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978
		Every master, officer and radio operator are required at intervals not exceeding five years to meet the fitness standards and the levels of professional competence contained in Section A-I/11 of the STCW Code.
		Notes that mandatory provisions relating to radio watchkeeping are set forth in the ITU Radio Regulations and safety radio watchkeeping and maintenance provisions are included in the same regulations and in SOLAS.
		Four recommendations are annexed to this resolution dealing with (i) minimum requirements for certification of radio officers; (ii) minimum requirements to ensure the continued proficiency and updating of knowledge for radio operators; (iii) basic guidelines and operational guidance relating to safety radio watchkeeping and maintenance for radio operators; and (iv) training for radio operators.
	www.imo.org /Conventions/index.asp?topic_id=252 (2985 words)

	Radio Regulations and Q & A
		U.S. vessels required to carry a VHF marine radio, such as commercial fishing vessels, must maintain a watch on channel 16 (156.800 MHz) while underway whenever the radio is not being used for exchanging communications.
		A radio is not to be used for gossip or idle conversation.
		All vessels equipped with VHF radios must keep their radios tuned to channel 16 so they can assist if an emergency is near.
	www.geocities.com /island10us2000/radio.html (1130 words)

	ePanorama
		The laws and regulations condinate the use of radio frequencies (frequencies, transmitting power etc.) and define the needed permission to use transmitters/receivers.Intentionally interfering with legitimate radiocommunications is illegal in virtually all countries.
		The function of the radio receiver is to recover the audio signal that was modulated onto the RF carrier at the radio station, and apply it to the speaker, reproducing the sounds of the announcer.
		In trunked radio system every radio on the system 'listens' on a control channel, that is a data transmission giving the radios all their instructions.When a call is received, or made, the controlling data transmission tells the radios who wish to speak to each other which channel they need to switch to.
	www.epanorama.net /links/radio.html (12724 words)

	Regulations Governing Radio Communication: September 28, 1912
		The attention of all owners and operators of apparatus for radio communication is invited to the act of August 13, 1912, to regulate radio communication and to the following regulations to carry out that act and the International Radiotelegraphic Convention, proclaimed by the President of the United States on May 25, 1912.
		Violations of the act and regulations will be reported to the collector of customs or surveyor of the district in which the offense occurs, who will report the case to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor (Bureau of Navigation) according to the procedure followed in violations of the navigation laws.
		The lists of call signals which may be obtained from radio inspectors and the Commissioner of Navigation will show the location of naval and military stations, referred to in the act, particularly in the tenth, twelfth, thirteenth, sixteenth, and eighteenth regulations.
	earlyradiohistory.us /1912reg.htm (4093 words)

	[No title]
		Title and commencement---(1) These regulations may be cited as the Shipping (Radio) Regulations 1989, Amendment No. 1, and shall be read together with and deemed part of the Shipping (Radio) Regulations 1989 S.R. (hereinafter referred to as the principal regulations).
		``(3) For the purposes of this regulation, `similar stage of construction', means the stage at which construction identifiable with the ship comprises at least 50 tonnes or 1 percent of the estimated mass of the structural material of the completed ship, whichever is the lesser.'' 3.
		Expiry---These regulations shall expire with the close of the 31st day of January 1999 and shall, as from the close of that day, be deemed to have been revoked.'' MARIE SHROFF, Clerk of the Executive Council.
	www.knowledge-basket.co.nz /regs/regs/text/1994/1994050.txt (385 words)

	PHILIPPINE RADIO LAWS
		Every radio station or television channel shall allocate at least two hours a day as a program or programs rendering public service, during such broadcast hours as are normally regarded in the industry as prime time for a particular type of program and its appropriate audience.
		Radio Communication Dealers and Manufacturers shall be Categorized in accordance with the criteria based on capitalization, technical capability and area of specialization to be recommended by their accredited associations for approval of the Commission.
		Radio Communication equipment purchased by the Military, are however, exempted from this provision provided that such purchase from the authorized dealers concerned are reflected in their respective periodic sales report to the Commission.
	www.angelfire.com /or/philccom/act3846.html (11409 words)

	The Merchant Shipping (Radio Installations) Regulations 1992
		Where more than one radio officer or more than one radiotelephone operator is carried on a ship, the Master shall designate an officer or operator as the case may be to carry out those checks and the duty shall be upon the officer or operator so designated.
		Provided that where any additional radio equipment which is not required by this Part is provided, that equipment shall be of such design that any malfunction of any part of it shall not adversely affect the operation of the radio installation required by this Part.
		The source of energy in the upper part of the ship may be the reserve source of energy required by regulation 33(2) or 41(2) of these Regulations, in which case the VHF usage of such reserve source of energy shall be limited to distress, urgency and safety communications.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si1992/Uksi_19920003_en_4.htm (5641 words)

	CRTC
		Established by the Broadcasting Act in 1968 it is an independent agency that regulates and supervises all sectors of the Canadian broadcasting system, including AM and FM radio, television, cable, pay-TV and specialty services.
		The CRTC grants, amends, or renews licences, monitors the performance of licensees and establishes broadcasting regulations and policies.
		During the 1970s and 1980s the agency had a significant influence on the expansion of the music industry, especially through its regulations governing Canadian content in radio music programming (a mandatory 30 per cent for AM stations and from 10 to 30 per cent for FM stations).
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1ARTU0000855 (496 words)

	South African Radio Regulations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Kindly Note: These Radio Regulations are those which were made, in terms of the Radio Act, Act 3 of 1952 as amended, to govern Amateur Radio.
		Radio apparatus shall satisfy {the Postmaster General} [Read: ICASA] 's requirements at all times and may not be capable of being tuned to frequencies other than those laid down for use by Licensees by {the Postmaster General} [Read: ICASA] in these Regulations or separately.
		The Radio Regulations promulgated by Government Notice R611, dated 29 April 1960 as amended, are hereby repealed.
	www.sarl.org.za /public/licences/regs.asp (5140 words)

	Annex C, Ofcom/RA Joint Consultation on Spectrum Trading \| Ofcom
		C.3 For example, the Radio Regulations provide definitions for effective or equivalent radiated power in relation to three 'reference' antennas, which in turn are used for different broad frequency ranges.
		Throughout the Radio Regulations power flux density (p.f.d), either at the Earth's surface or at some geographic boundary or test point, is used extensively as either an interference limit or a co-ordination threshold (or trigger) level.
		Elsewhere in the Radio Regulations e.r.p limits are specified to limit the interference from broadcasting to aeronautical services and peak e.i.r.p.
	www.ofcom.org.uk /consult/condocs/spec_trad/spectrum_trading/annexc/?view=Welsh (746 words)

	FCC reassessing media ownership rules / Critics say current regulations inspire bland homogeneity
		As the Federal Communications Commission reviews its rules on media ownership, several studies released Monday say the current regulations breed bland music offerings on the radio, an environment where few women and minorities are in positions of power and news coverage that ignores issues people of color care about.
		According to FCC data, of the 12,844 radio and television stations that filed the correct reports, women owned 3.4 percent and minorities 3.6 percent of the outlets.
		In radio, the airwaves have been homogenizing since the 1996 lifting of a ban on the number of radio stations one company could own nationally, said Peter DiCola, a University of Michigan researcher who submitted a radio study to the FCC Monday.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/10/24/MNGU6LUK351.DTL&type=printable (856 words)

	STCW Home - Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers
		The Radio Regulations also require that a distress alert shall only be sent on the authority of the master or other person responsible for the ship.
		18 The radio operator designated to handle general communications should ensure that an effective watch is maintained on those frequencies on which communications are likely to be exchanged, having regard to the position of the ship in relation to those coast stations and to coast earth stations from which traffic may be expected.
		All stations which receive such signals are required by the Radio Regulations to immediately cease all transmissions capable of interfering with distress communications.
	www.uscg.mil /stcw/stcw-code-bch8.htm (2448 words)

	FCC - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Radio officers (trained in manual Morse code) are not part of the GMDSS regulations or system.
		The FCC requires two licensed radio operators to be aboard all GMDSS certified ships, one of whom must be dedicated to communications during a distress situation.
		The GMDSS radio operator is an individual licensed to handle radio communications aboard ships in compliance with the GMDSS regulations, including basic equipment and antenna adjustments.
	wireless.fcc.gov /marine/gmdss.html (1677 words)

	WRC-97 and the Passive Spectrum Users: Protecting the Radio Windows to the Universe
		For astronomers the radio spectrum is one of only two spectral windows available to observe the universe with ground-based receiving instruments, the other being the optical window.
		Use of the radio spectrum is primarily regulated by the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R), part of the United Nations.
		After extensive discussions with the radio astronomers and several administrations, the GLONASS system is presently being modified to eliminate unwanted emissions in the radio astronomy band and also to make spectrum available for MSS operators in the 1610-1626.5 MHz band.
	www.naic.edu /public/about/newslett/nov97/number23-7.html (2770 words)

	Radio Department Regulations: Lake County, IL
		The Lake County Radio Department and its associated radio system is regulated by Part 90 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Rules and Regulations for Private Land Mobile Radio Services.
		Any radios operating on Lake County frequencies shall be installed and protected so that they are not accessible to operations by unauthorized personnel.
		Lake County radio equipment and associated frequencies are to be used by public safety and local government personnel only.
	www.co.lake.il.us /radio/regulations.asp (236 words)

	iB::Topic::How do you mod an Yaesu FT-60R?
		One of the reasons is that amateur radio equipment is capable of having the transmit frequency changed from the "front panel" by simply "dialing up" the frequency.
		One of the reasons that the FCC comes down VERY hard on amateur radio operators who violate the law by using non "certified" radios is because when you sign your license application you certify that you understand and will obey all FCC regulations that concern the amateur radio service and other services as well.
		Part 97 are the regulations that concern the Amateur Radio Service and you ARE required to have a copy of this either on your computer or as a "hard" copy so that you can immediately reference the regulations.
	www.qrz.com /ib-bin/ikonboard.cgi?s=fab0f1233d1bbf4dbcf59d516bfb3203;act=ST;f=5;t=122308 (816 words)

	RYA - www.rya.org.uk - VHF Radio Regulations
		The first is the form of licence for the use of a maritime radio on board a vessel used in an entirely non-commercial way.
		The second is the form of licence for use of a maritime radio on board a vessel used commercially in any way.
		An authority to operate is also required to operate a ship radio station on board a vessel which is entitled to fly the British flag.
	www.rya.org.uk /WorkingWithUs/clubs/redtape/vhfradioregs.htm (398 words)

	International Satellite Frequency Coordination Services - Space Operations \| Solutions \| Telesat
		In order to access the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO), an administration that is a member of the ITU must follow the procedures of the Radio Regulations, not an insignificant task.
		The Radio Regulations are quite clear that the right to utilize an orbital position must be negotiated in accordance with the procedures in the Radio Regulations.
		By necessity, Telesat is thoroughly familiar with the ITU Radio Regulations in order to manage its current space assets and to plan future space services.
	www.telesat.ca /solutions/consulting/space/frequency-coordination-services-e.asp (420 words)

	Media Release: EFF Seeks to Protect Internet Radio Privacy (Apr. 10, 2002)
		In an unprecedented invasion of listener privacy, the Copyright Office has proposed that webcasters be required to gather and report to copyright owners information about individual listeners, including their country of origin, local time zone, and a unique user identifier.
		EPIC is a nonprofit public interest research center in Washington, D.C. It was established in 1994 to focus public attention on emerging civil liberties issues and to protect privacy, the First Amendment, and constitutional values.
		Founded in 1949, KPFA was the first community-supported radio station in the United States.
	www.eff.org /IP/Audio/20020410_joint_co_comments_pr.html (664 words)

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