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Crystal oscillator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. TSXO — temperature-sensing crystal oscillator, an adaptation of the TCXO en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crystal_oscillator   (1610 words)

Crystal Oscillator MMD Components A crystal oscillator (sometimes abbreviated to XTAL on schematic diagrams) is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a physical crystal of piezoelectric material along with an amplifier and feedback to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency. A crystal oscillator is an especially accurate form of an electronic oscillator. Crystal oscillators are a common source of time and frequency signals. www.mmdcomp.com /oscillators-th.htm   (105 words)

Quartz crystals :: crystal oscillator data from International Crystal An oscillator is an amplifier with a feedback loop from output to input. Barkhausen criteria states that for oscillation to occur the product of the gains around a loop must be equal to or greater than unity and that the sum of the phase shifts around the loop must be a multiple of 360°. The oscillating loop C1 in parallel with R2, Ctrim in parallel with C2 and Rc and the crystal is directly tied to the load causing poor load stability. www.icmfg.com /crystaloscillatordata.html   (905 words)

The Crystodyne Principle (1924) Oscillating crystals are not new since they were investigated as far back as 1906 by well known engineers, but it was not until lately that a Russian engineer, Mr. Once the crystal oscillates at audio frequency, it is easy to replace the audio frequency circuit by one of radio frequency so as to have the contact functioning in the ordinary heterodyne manner. The crystal may be made to oscillate first by the method explained previously; that is, by listening in the phones when it oscillates at audio frequency, then by means of switches the circuit of Fig. earlyradiohistory.us /1924cry.htm   (1360 words)

How Things Work - Radio Sophisticated radio receivers often use heterodyne techniques in which the signal from a local radio-frequency oscillator is mixed with the signal coming from the antenna. Amateur radio has been popular almost since the invention of radio and the most accessible version of this hobby, citizen band or CB radio, was extremely popular in the 60's and 70's. Radio waves consist of nothing more than electric and magnetic fields that are perpetually recreating one another as they travel through space at the speed of light. howthingswork.virginia.edu /radio.html   (6628 words)

Crystal oscillator patent invention Resonance circuit 1 is composed of quartz crystal unit 3 as an inductor component, and split capacitor 4a, 4b. The crystal resonator is arranged outside the thermostatic oven, and the crystal resonator is designed such that when the temperature of the crystal resonator is at room temperature and the temperature of the crystal unit is, for example, 70.degree. The crystal oscillator of the present invention has a low level of phase noise and is easily amenable to compact size and low power consumption. www.freshpatents.com /Crystal-oscillator-dt20051229ptan20050285690.php   (1095 words)

Howstuffworks "How Oscillators Work" Oscillators are important in many different types of electronic equipment. For example, a quartz watch uses a quartz oscillator to keep track of what time it is. An AM radio transmitter uses an oscillator to create the carrier wave for the station, and an AM radio receiver uses a special form of oscillator called a resonator to tune in a station. There are oscillators in computers, metal detectors and even stun guns. www.howstuffworks.com /oscillator.htm   (123 words)

crystal oscillators Crystal Oscillators are usually, fixed frequency oscillators where stability and accuracy are the primary considerations. This is a typical example of the type of crystal oscillators which may be used for say converters. I have included a formula for determining L and C in the tuned circuits of crystal oscillators in case you have forgotten earlier tutorials. my.integritynet.com.au /purdic/crystal-oscillators.htm   (366 words)

Hammarlund HQ-180AC Communications Receiver (1966) If you are not going to use your radio for a long time, you might want to unplug it, to prolong the life of these tubes. This radio has lots of switches, which means lots of places for a dirty connection to weaken or block a signal. Radio Shack sells a little spray can of cleaner with a stiff brush at the end of an extension nozzle—very handy for getting into those tight spots and removing stubborn buildup or corrosion. antiqueradio.org /hamm01.htm   (1974 words)

ePanorama Generally a license is needed to operate a radio transmitter, unless you use a special radio system that is defined not specifically to need any special permit.Electromagnetic radiation is a wave that combines electric and magnetic fields, moving out from its source as an expanding sphere and having waves as the feilds alternate in value. The function of the radio receiver is to recover the audio signal that was modulated onto the RF carrier at the radio station, and apply it to the speaker, reproducing the sounds of the announcer. In trunked radio system every radio on the system 'listens' on a control channel, that is a data transmission giving the radios all their instructions.When a call is received, or made, the controlling data transmission tells the radios who wish to speak to each other which channel they need to switch to. www.epanorama.net /links/radio.html   (13148 words)

Harmonic crystal oscillator   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) This circuit is ideal when a crystal must be made to resonate on its fundamental or any specific odd harmonic. It is therefore very usefull for VHF receivers and crystal markers. A typical crystal would be cut to 15MHz but designed and marked for operation on its 3rd harmonic - 45MHz. www.quartslab.demon.co.uk /harmonic_crystal_oscillator.htm   (132 words)

Crystal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia However, generally, many crystals form simultaneously during solidification, leading to a polycrystalline solid. Crystals are often symmetrically intergrown to form crystal twins. Additionally, light passing through a crystal is often refracted or bent in different directions, producing an array of colors; crystal optics is the study of these effects. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crystal   (643 words)

MARINE RADIO EQUIPMENT We do not know the answer to this question but surely being an antique radio archive and understanding the technology that existed before 1930, the radio rooms of ships were very primitive by today's standards. The ET8065 HF transmitter is a 1962 300 watt telegraph transmitter that operates in A2 or A1 mode from 2000 to 24,000 kc. It uses 2-813 power amplifier tubes and is crystal controlled by a separate crystal oscillator. www.radioera.com /MaritimeMuseumRadios.htm   (540 words)

VHF Community Radio Electronics - An Introduction The transistor in the oscillator will heat itself up slightly, and other bits of the TX, like the power amps, will be fair old chucking heat out, and are usually built into the same case as the oscillator. There are various types of crystal (fundamental, 3rd overtone, 5th overtone etc) and various ways of using them (series mode, parallel mode) but their basic properties are the same. But the effect of radio waves bouncing off buildings etc tends to twist the polarisation of your signal from horizontal to vertical and vice versa, so your signal will still be picked up by the other sort of aerial. irational.org /sic/radio/tech.html   (6877 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) At high signal levels the radio AGC system can be used to reduce the receiver gain improving the IIP3 providing for minimum distor at modulation schemes as high as 256 QAM. There are two VHF oscillators which operates with external tank circuits to provide LO frequencies for the I/Q demodulator in the cellular and PCS bands. At high signal levels the radio AGC system can be used to reduce the receiver gain improving the IIP3 providing for minimum distortion at modulation schemes as high as 256 QAM. www.radiocomp.ru /components1.asp?n=334   (6468 words)

USS Pampanito - LM Series Crystal Calibrated Frequency Indicating Equipment It is a heterodyne type of unit having a variable oscillator which may be point-checked against an internal crystal oscillator and its harmonics at frequent settings. An external signal may be mixed with the variable oscillator output by a wire or antenna connection to a binding post. A panel trimmer is provided for setting the variable oscillator at any check point by heterodyne with the crystal oscillator or its harmonics. www.maritime.org /radio-lm.htm   (554 words)

Oscillator FAQs from International Crystal A crystal-controlled oscillator is an oscillator that has a crystal in place of the L-C tuned circuit that significantly improves the oscillator's frequency stability. The crystal is kept at a constant temperature inside an enclosure (oven). The VCXO is a crystal oscillator with an electronic frequency modulation input pin to control the output frequency. www.icmfg.com /oscillatorfaqs.html   (510 words)

VFO/VCO Installation   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) If your crystal oscillator (radio) uses crystals that are grounded to chassis, then the special coax cable that came with the VFO/VCO can be inserted into the crystal holder. If your crystal oscillator (radio) circuit has a floating ground, then the center of the cable should be inserted in the HOT side of the crystal holder and the shield connected to the closest DC negative ground location. If you plug the shield of the VFO/VCO into the crystal socket, you may introduce problems such as harmonics, frequency drift, bleedover or VFO frequency interference on all channels of the radio. www.firestik.com /Tech_Docs/VFO_instl.htm   (246 words)

Hallicrafters SX-122 Communications Receiver (1962) On top of the radio is a matching model R-48 speaker, which I acquired a couple of years after buying the receiver. The first steps in restoration, as with all tube radios, were to clean the controls with DeOxit and replace the old capacitors. Since this radio was made in the 1960s, many of its capacitors are the reliable ceramic type that don't normally need replacement. antiqueradio.org /halli03.htm   (953 words)

Ham Radio Online - The oscillator shown in the previous article is, primarily, for checking out the 80 meter receiver module, but it can also serve other purposes. I say "about" because, even though this is a crystal oscillator, the frequency may be off a bit (mine oscillates at 3.578950 MHz, which is 595 Hz lower than the specified crystal frequency). The signal radiates from the oscillator and is picked up by the piece of wire in the receiver antenna jack. www.hamradio-online.com /1999/apr/w6bky-11.html   (1451 words)

Crystal Radios: Stay Tuned Crystal Sets Dedicated to the preservation, experimentation, and advancement of crystal radios. Using a Crystal radio as a High Quality AM Audio Source Take a look at our first crystal radio web site. www.crystalradio.net   (1348 words)

AF4K - RADIO CRYSTALS FOR SALE These are the crystals featured in CQ Magazine October and December 2004 issues This is a construction project for a power oscillator transmitter using the venerable 6L6 vacuum tube. FT243 crystals have pins spaced 1/2 inch apart, and are used in MANY ham radios made from www.af4k.com /crystals.htm   (1043 words)

Ham Radio Forum :: View topic - Crystal oscillator   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) I want to build a very simple telegraph transmitter, with this oscillator: http://www.elfa.se/elfa-bin/dyndok.pl?lang=enandvat=0anddok=2019453.htm Do you think that this oscillator will send pulses when i connect and disconnect a DC to it? That oscillator is intended for digital circuits as the clock for other logic circuits. One more thing; do you think, if i buy 2 of those crystal oscillators, that the other one could be a reciever if i also put a high-impedance earphone and a germanium diode to that circuit? www.hamforum.com /viewtopic.php?t=4072   (500 words)

AVX crystal oscillator AVX Corporation is now offering an ultra-small crystal oscillator designed for telecommunications systems. The lead-free, RoHS-conforming oscillator has motional series resistances of 100 Ohm at 26.000-34.999 MHz and 50 Ohms at 35.000-60.000 MHz with a load capacitance of 8 pF. Measuring 2.5 mm x 2.0 mm (±0.1 mm), the 0.45 mm (±0.1 mm) thick crystal oscillator has a frequency tolerance of ±10 ppm at 25°C and an operating temperature range of -30 to +85°C. Typical pricing for the CX-2520 crystal oscillator starts at $1 each for 1000 pieces and $0.70 for 10,000 pieces. rfdesign.com /products/crystal-oscillator/index.html   (254 words)

FOX Electronics - The Leader in Radio Frequency Crystal Oscillator   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) This exclusive combination of radio frequency control technologies enables these rfXOs to deliver the optimum cost-to-performance ratio in the industry for RF applications. The rfXO family of Oscillators is an ASIC-driven crystal-based line of frequency control products. These rfXOs are available as standard Crystal Oscillators (XOs) or Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillators (VCXOs) with frequencies from 600MHz to 1.25GHz. www.foxonline.com /rfxoseries2.htm   (241 words)

Low jitter specs for budget RF oscillator: News from Fox Electronics In addition, the RFX300 Series provides a significant increase in cost-to-performance ratio, since the new product can cost up to 40% less than other RF crystal oscillators currently available. The RFX300 Series offers better than 0.5ps phase jitter, 3ps RMS jitter and 30ps cycle-to-cycle jitter; has frequency stabilities from +/-20 to +/-100ppm; and provides a frequency range of 600MHz to 1.25GHz. Pricing for a new RFX300 Series oscillator at 622.08MHz starts at $32 per unit in quantities of 1000. www.electronicstalk.com /news/fox/fox114.html   (338 words)

Radiometrix - Control44 - Encoder/decoder IC If a 2 pin resonator or crystal is used, then two 15pF caps are needed: one from OSC1 to 0V; one from OSC2 to 0V Oscillator frequency can be decreased to suit narrow band RF module data rate requirements. These radio devices may be subject to radio interference and may not function as intended if interference is present. www.radiometrix.co.uk /products/control44.htm   (1157 words)

Calrad's Technical Information American physicist (Manson Benedicks) discovers that a germanium crystal can convert AC current to DC, a discovery that leads to the development of the "chip". The cascade-tuning radio receiver and the heterodyne radio receiver are introduced. Meissner invents a radio transmitter with vacum tubes. www.calrad.com /calrad/techinfo.shtml   (2549 words)

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