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Topic: Radio jamming

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	Reacting to Hate Radio - Radio Netherlands Worldwide - Independent thinking, independent voice - English
		Technically, jamming requires the means to produce broadcast signals locally in the case of FM broadcasts, either through transmitters based in or near the target area stations, or from aircraft flying near the target zone.
		Airborne jamming is costly and dependent on the possibility of deploying aircraft in the required zone, and may require additional aircraft or ground forces to protect the jamming aircraft from attacks.
		As both jamming and switching off transmitters call for sophisticated technical capabilities, available to a few countries only, and the use of coercion, which requires a minimum of international consensus, they are not generally easy to implement.
	www.radionetherlands.nl /features/media/dossiers/intervention.html (1069 words)

	Radio jamming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radio jamming is the transmission of radio signals that disrupt communications that decrease the signal to noise ratio.
		Unintentional jamming occurs when an operator transmits on a busy frequency without checking that it is in use first, or without being able to hear distant stations on the same frequency.
		Jamming of foreign radio broadcast stations has often been used in wartime (and during periods of tense international relations) to prevent or deter citizens from listening to propaganda broadcasts from enemy countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radio_jamming (513 words)

	Culture jamming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Culture jamming is a resistance movement to the perceived hegemony of popular culture, based on the ideas of "guerrilla communication".
		Culture jamming's intent differs from that of artistic appropriation (which is done for art's sake) and vandalism (where destruction or defacement is the primary goal), although its results are not always so easily distinguishable.
		The phrase "culture jamming" comes from the idea of radio jamming: that public frequencies can be pirated and subverted for independent communication, or to disrupt dominant frequencies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Culture_jamming (678 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jam
		Jam is often spread on bread and also as a culinary sweetener, for example in yogurt.
		Making jam at home used to be common, but the practice is declining, and the accessories, particularly the cellophane covers for jam jars, are becoming more difficult to find in some locations.
		Radar jamming is the intentional emission of radio frequency signals to interfere with the operation of a radar by saturating its receiver with false information.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Jam (2012 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Culture Jamming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		Culture jamming differs from artistic appropriation (which is done for art's sake), and from vandalism where destruction or defacement is the primary goal.
		The word, "culture jamming" comes from the idea of radio jamming: that public frequencies can be pirated and subverted for independent communication, or to disrupt dominant frequencies.
		Culture jamming is a form of activism and a resistance movement to the hegemony of popular culture, based on the ideas of "guerrilla communication" and the "detournement" of popular icons and ideas.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/weapons/culture_jamming (396 words)

	Security Risks of Radio Communications
		Jamming is normally accomplished by transmitting at a high power level on the target user's operating frequency.
		To effectively jam a frequency-hopping radio, most or all of the frequencies would have to be jammed, and this would also prevent the adversary making constructive use of those frequencies.
		A radio operator listening to one of the frequencies used would hear little more than a burst of static, which would probably not be recognised as significant.
	www.cescomm.co.nz /about/radiosecurity.html (532 words)

	Stratign Jamming Systems
		Jamming module set is mounted at remotely controlled flying vehicles, artillery shells, portable camouflage casings, parachutes and paraplanes.
		UAV Jammer is designed for jamming (radio communication and location) and reconnaissance (photo-, tele-, infrared-, radio and radio technical, radio location reconnaissance and chemical one apart.
		The Portable Jamming System is intended for protection of VIP and groups of people from radio controlled bombs on the move indoors and outdoors.
	www.stratign.com /electronic_warfare.htm (273 words)

	Jamming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		E-mail jamming, used by electronic political activists or hackers to disable e-mail systems
		Jamming (fanzine), a late 1970s to early 1980s UK music fanzine edited by Tony Fletcher.
		Jamming (or jam session), an informal, semi-improvised performance by a group of rock or jazz musicians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Jamming (174 words)

	RFA: Anti-Jamming Antenna
		Place the radio on the tinfoil, as shown in the picture, and use the rubber bands or string (E) to fix the radio onto the board.
		The radio's antenna should be extended fully while the second antenna should be slightly lower that that of the radio's.
		With the radio mounted in position on the board you should move to a relatively open area, near a window, on a balcony, or even outdoors.
	www.rfa.org /english/support/antijamming (582 words)

	BEATING THE COMM JAMMERS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		As far as the IF jamming issue goes, to be effective, for a high quality communications receiver, it takes a huge amount of power or to be very close in to the radio site.
		If one were trying to jam reception in the AM broadcast band or on a single conversion receiver, yet did not want it to be too obvious and jam the actual frequency of the broadcast band transmitter, one would have two options.
		So, turning the radio to null the offending or jamming signal reduces the signal and raises the strength of the desired signal, as long as they are more than a few degrees off a 180 degree line from where you are at.
	www.waynemadsenreport.com /Jammers.htm (1540 words)

	Alexander C. Dale, Countering Hate Messages That Lead to Violence: The United Nations's Chapter VII Authority to Use ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		Radio control is a particularly powerful asset in Rwanda, where many people live in rural areas with high illiteracy rates, and where most people can speak only the local language -- Kinyarwanda -- which is broadcast on only a few stations originating in the area.
		Radio jamming the hate broadcasts reemerging in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Tanzania would allow the United Nations to either silence the airwaves or replace broadcasts calling for the elimination of the Tutsis with broadcasts that advocate peace.
		Radio jamming is defined as "the deliberate emission of electromagnetic (EM) radiation to reduce or prevent hostile use of a portion of the EM spectrum."
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/djcil/articles/djcil11p109.htm (9064 words)

	Autoduel Quarterly: Electronic Warfare
		There are two types of radio jamming: broad spectrum, or "barrage" jamming, which interferes with all signals in a certain area (even friendly ones), and narrow beam, or "point" jamming which only affects the other guy's signals.
		Barrage jamming is most effective against those who don't have EW equipment of their own, and it has the advantage of simplicity; just flick a switch and let 'er rip.
		Once the target of a point jam burns through the interference, the jamming equipment must be recalibrated, a process which requires five seconds, during which the EW systems operator may do nothing else.
	www.sjgames.com /car-wars/adq/7/1/warfare.html (2337 words)

	MilSpec Communications: Tactical Radio Jammers
		Jamming is accomplished by transmitting a strong signal on the same frequency as that used for communications.
		A jamming signal me be intended to block a single frequency --- called spot jamming, or, to block a band of frequencies --- called barrage jamming.
		This new breed of equipment is capable of employing such techniques as wide-band rf spectrum transmitters, and various audio tones to jam or to spoof receiving equipment and their operators.
	www.milspec.ca /jammers/jammers.html (500 words)

	Radio Jamming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		But in 1950-1951, the Soviets began to use special radio transmitters to jam the broadcasts which penetrated the USSR from abroad, in the languages of the nations which were trapped in the Soviet Union.
		Jamming was done in the whole spectrum of broadcasting wavelenghts, from longwaves to shortwave’s 13th meter.
		The radio bureau was actually a monitoring center, where the VOA and other broadcasts were listened to round the clock.
	www.okupatsioon.ee /english/mailbox/radio/radio.html (3527 words)

	UN urged to intervene in SW Radio jamming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		THE Reporters Without Borders Tuesday said it was "outraged" by Zimbabwe's jamming since 7 March of short-wave broadcasts by SW Radio Africa, a privately-owned radio station based in London which employs Zimbabwean journalists living in exile.
		BBC Monitoring (a BBC offshoot that monitors news media throughout the world) said it established on 16 March that SW Radio Africa's three daily broadcasts were being "deliberately jammed." The 1600 GMT broadcast on 11.845 kHz was drowned by a 1 kHz signal.
		The 1700 and 1800 GMT broadcasts were jammed by interference of a "rotary" kind.
	www.newzimbabwe.com /pages/fm6.12427.html (483 words)

	Radio jamming question - Hatrack River Writers Workshop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		Firstly, the jammer is jamming the receiver and not the transmitter, by either being closer to the receiver or more powerful than the transmitter.
		Depending on their range from the jamming signal, other friendlies and enemies could possibly hear all of the transmitted messages, and may or may not be able to detect there is any jamming going on.
		The second question about the jamming station being able to talk to the transmitting station is trickier, especially given that the jammer is jamming the station the transmitting station is talking to.
	www.hatrack.com /forums/writers/forum/Forum1/HTML/001446.html (1257 words)

	RADIOJAMMING
		Antenna field of the SW radio station near Lidzbark Warminski in Poland, used for cross-border sky wave jamming, beamed to the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria.
		Radio monitoring operator at her workplace in "control and correction post" of Kaunas city local radio jamming station in Lithuania.
		Building of the former monitoring station of the cross-border radio jamming operations in Poland, 40 km East of Warsaw.
	www.radiojamming.puslapiai.lt /photo.htm (554 words)

	Army Technology - Homeland Security Strategies - IED and RF Jammer systems for RCIED Jamming, Radio Jamming and ...
		IED jamming suppresses radio signals used to detonate an RCIED using RF jamming from a radio jammer to direct radio jamming on frequencies where known and unknown threats may exist.
		This interference is composed of multiple RF jamming signals transmitted at high speed to envelope radio receivers within their area of affectivity.
		The cellular jamming and cellular detection system IJS 6000 is an intelligent cellular jamming system designed to jam unauthorized cellular phones while permitting authorized cellular phones to operate.
	www.army-technology.com /contractors/jamming/homeland-security (781 words)

	FM 44-18 Appendix B
		All the Threat needs to jam a radio is a transmitter tuned to the frequency of the Stinger net, with enough power to override the signal at the receiver.
		Radio ECCM are countermeasures for imitative communications deception (ICD) and radio jamming.
		Is the interference unintentional, or is it radio jamming?
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/policy/army/fm/44-18/appb2.htm (2861 words)

	Global-Online-Store: Books - Entertainment - Radio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		While initially many of the TV episodes were adapted from the radio scripts, there are large differences not only in terms of character interpretation by the two sets of actors but also in terms of what we were allowed to hear on radio but not see on TV.
		Anytime something was on the radio that didn't resemble guitars screeching the self-obsessed angst of middle-class white urbanites, she is ready and waiting to attack it.
		And yet McBride—the Oprah Winfrey of her day—has been practically forgotten, both in radio history and in the history of twentieth-century popular culture, primarily because she was a woman and because she was on daytime radio.
	us.books-online-store.net /node/books/entertainment/radio/21473.html (10349 words)

	The Forum of the 1.Jagdmoroner Abteilung - WW-II radio guidance Vs radio jamming.
		It seems their first success was an air to surface radio guided 1800kg anti shipping missle called the Fritz - X,with a glide range of say 2-4km,depending on launch altitude.
		These had reasonable success during the mid war years 1942/43 but where with drawn from service in early 1944 cause the allies figured out how to jam the radio signal.
		The jamming of the signal could be overcome by simply having more than one frequency available.
	www.1jma.dk /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=4145 (459 words)

	Police Radio Jamming as a Means of Information Warfare - HOWTO : SF Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-04)
		Thus jamming police radio handsets is an effective means of non-violent resistance.
		The basic concept behind radio jamming is to overwhelm one signal with a stronger signal on that frequency.
		Jamming an FM transmission is fairly simple: All you need to do is produce a sine wave on that frequency of a higher amplitude than the signal you want to jam.
	sf.indymedia.org /print.php?id=1589127 (840 words)

	Kubatana - Archive - MMPZ Press Statement on the jamming of SW Radio Africa broadcasts - MMPZ - Mar 18, 2005
		According to the IBB report, three jammers are being used to jam the three short wave frequencies used by SW Radio Africa.
		This act of sabotage against SW Radio Africa's broadcasts, particularly in the run up to the March 2005 general elections, is a cynical attempt to deny the public their right to access information sources of their choice.
		SW Radio Africa says it can also be heard in the Medium Wave (MW) 1197kHz band between 05:00 hours and 07:00 hours, which is not jammed.
	www.kubatana.net /html/archive/media/050318mmpz.asp?sector=MEDIA (447 words)

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