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Topic: Radioactive tracer

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	Synthetic radioisotope - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radioactive tracer compounds are used to observe the function of various organs and body systems.
		That chemical tracer incorporates a short lived radioactive isotope, usually one which emits a Gamma ray which is energetic enough to travel through the body and be captured outside by a Gamma camera to map the concentrations.
		Radiopharmaceuticals are any of a number of compounds using a radioisotope for medical treatment, usually by bringing the radioactive isotope to a high concentration in the body near a particular organ.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope (426 words)

	Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test
		A low uptake of radioactive tracer by the thyroid gland may mean that hyperthyroidism is caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis), recently taking too much thyroid medication, or another rare condition.
		A high uptake of radioactive tracer evenly distributed throughout the thyroid gland may indicate that hyperthyroidism is caused by conditions such as Graves' disease.
		An uneven distribution of radioactive tracer throughout the thyroid gland (with either low or high areas of uptake) may indicate that hyperthyroidism is caused by a multinodular goiter or a noncancerous (benign) tumor called a toxic nodule.
	www.webmd.com /hw/thyroid_disorders/tw9880.asp (1266 words)

	Radioactive tracer profiling system and apparatus - Patent 4007366
		The second category of profiling arrangements is a so-called intensity or tracer method wherein a charge containing a radioactive tracer element is injected into the well and a subsurface unit including a single radiation detector is moved through the borehole so that it intercepts and passes through the entire charge containing the radioactive tracer.
		This charge of radioactive fluid material moves downwardly in the well and when exit points, such as the perforations 30 in the casing 24 are experienced, some of the radioactive fluid flows out of the well while the remainder of the charge continues to move downwardly.
		Accordingly, by first injecting a charge of radioactive tracer material into the well and then performing a number of runs upwardly through the radioactive charge while measuring the total intensity of this charge, an indication can be made as to the point within the well at which fluid is flowing out of the well.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4007366.html (5150 words)

	Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Disease
		Radioactive isotopes are special forms of elements that undergo a process called radioactive decay that involves a change from a higher energy state to a lower energy state.
		Once a tracer has been taken up by the tissue that makes up the thyroid gland, a special scanner can be used to capture the energy released by the radioactive isotope to generate a picture of the thyroid gland.
		When 123-Iodine is used as a tracer, it is taken up and trapped through the same pathways that process the nonradioactive iodine circulating in the bloodstream that is used to produce thyroid hormone.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /endocrine/graves/TopicAnswer.asp?QuestionID=14 (741 words)

	Recent Research Results of the Dieckmann Group
		Tracer diffusion coefficients of sodium have been measured at temperatures between 400 and 800 °C in a glass-ceramic containing nano-crystalline spinel by employing the radioactive tracer Na-22.
		Based on the results from separate sodium tracer diffusion experiments in spinel it is concluded that sodium ions diffuse practically only in the silica-rich glass matrix of the glass-ceramic and that the dispersed nano-sized spinel particles practically do not contribute to the diffusion of sodium ions.
		Arrhenius plot of sodium tracer diffusion coefficients measured with the radioactive isotope Na-22 diffusing in the glass-ceramic with nano-sized spinel inclusions.
	people.ccmr.cornell.edu /~dieck/news.html (588 words)

	SwRI Real-Time Wear Measurement Using Radioactive Tracer Technology
		Radioactive tracer technology (RATT) is an important tool for measuring component wear on a real-time basis, and is especially useful for measuring component wear in operating engines, or other complex mechanical systems.
		Radioactive tracer technology, bulk activation and SLA, is not limited to engines, but can be used with many other mechanical components, such as pumps, fuel injectors and transmissions, as long as suitable metallurgy is present to provide measurable radionuclides after irradiation.
		Radioactive tracer wear testing can significantly reduce product development time and cost, and the ability to perform these tests often determines whether a particular program can be undertaken or not.
	www.swri.org /4org/d03/vehsys/filfine/RTWear.htm (697 words)

	Bone Scan
		For a bone scan, a radioactive tracer (radioactive technetium diphosphonate) is injected into a vein in the arm.
		A small amount of the radioactive tracer is then injected, usually into a vein on the inside of your elbow.
		The radioactive tracer is evenly distributed among the bones.
	www.her2support.org /tests/bonescan.htm (1216 words)

	Dana Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center: Radiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A flow study is a diagnostic test that uses a small amount of radioactive material (tracer) to visualize the flow of blood through the upper extremities and the patency (openness) of the central line.
		A lymphoscintigram is a diagnostic test that uses a small amount of radioactive material (tracer) to visualize the drainage of fluid by the lymphatic system from your arm or leg or other part of your body.
		The tracer will be injected just under the skin on the dorsal side of your hand or your foot or other area of the body depending on the test indications.
	www.brighamandwomens.org /bwhcancer/clinical/radiology/faqs.asp (1601 words)

	AnaLog Services on Radioactive Tracer Surveys
		The breaker sub is an early downhole RA tracer material delivery device; tracer is contained in a test tube and released at the appropriate depth with a small electric blasting cap or squib.
		The tracer is monitored with a number of logging passes as it is pumped into the formation; it is assumed that the RA tracer plates out at the formation face with the "hottest" spots having taken the most injectant.
		All tracer loss slug tracking methods involve tracking RA tracer slugs as they move down the well; a reduction in area of the slug curve on the resultant chart indicates a loss of RA tracer concentration, and that loss is taken to be proportional to fluid loss.
	www.logwell.com /tech/nuclear/RTS_RATS.html (1752 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Radioactive tracers are used to evaluate process flow distribution inside packed columns, FCC reactors and regenerators, liquid/liquid extractors, gas/liquid separators, and other process systems.
		Radioactive solid, liquid, or gas tracers are introduced into the process and scintillation detectors measure the tracers transport.
		The radioactive tracer will adhere to the catalyst in order to map liquid flow distribution inside the reactor.
	www.questtrutec.com /DistributionStudies.asp (598 words)

	Hyperthyroidism and Graves' Disease
		A thyroid uptake study is a radiographic study that is used to measure the distribution of a radioactive isotope in the body.
		Once a tracer has been taken up by the tissue that makes up the thyroid gland, a special instrument can be used to measure the energy released by the radioactive isotope.
		A special instrument that measures radioactivity is held up against the neck to count the energy released by any tracer taken up by the thyroid gland.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /endocrine/graves/Answer.asp?QuestionID=13 (709 words)

	03-Radioactive Tracer Technology Brochure
		Wear is measured by monitoring a decrease in the component's radioactivity or an increase in the radioactivity of debris collecting in a fluid filter.
		Radioactive tracer wear testing can be applied to virtually any metal part that provides suitable isotopes when irradiated.
		The Institute's radioactive tracer techniques provide cost-effective, accurate, real-time data, detecting minute wear changes without disassembly and physical inspection, to study component wear under transient and steady-state conditions.
	www.swri.org /3PUBS/BROCHURE/D03/radtrace/radtrace.HTM (614 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Gallbladder radionuclide scan
		Gallbladder radionuclide scan is a test that uses a gamma emitting tracer (radioactive material) to check gallbladder function, or look for an infected gallbladder or obstructed bile ducts.
		First, the tracer (a radioactive chemical that will collect primarily in the liver and then is excreted with bile into the gallbladder) is injected into a vein (usually at the bend in the arm).
		The image of where the tracer is found in the organs is transmitted to a computer.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003826.htm (629 words)

	Tracer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radioactive tracers as used in positron emission tomography, nuclear medicine and autoradiography.
		Histochemical tracer used to trace neuronal connections in the brain.
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tracer (95 words)

	Anna Jaques Hospital - Find a Service - PET Scan
		The chemical substance and radioactive tracer chosen for the test vary according to which area of the body is being studied.
		Occasionally, two IV lines may be started (the radioactive tracer will be injected in one arm and several successive blood samples may be taken from the other arm).
		Because radiation from the radioactive tracer may be passed to an infant through breast milk, a woman who is breast-feeding should talk to her health professional about possibly stopping breast-feeding temporarily after undergoing a PET scan.
	www.ajh.org /findser/petscan.html (1481 words)

	Gallium Scan - [Medical Test]
		A gallium scan is a nuclear medicine test that uses a special camera to take pictures of specific tissues in the body after a radioactive tracer (radionuclide or radioisotope) makes them visible.
		During a gallium scan, the tracer (radioactive gallium citrate) is injected into a vein in the arm.
		It usually takes the tracer a few days to accumulate in these areas, so in most cases a scan is done at 2 days and repeated at 3 days after the tracer is injected.
	www.bchealthguide.org /kbase/topic/medtest/hw214778/descrip.htm (234 words)

	SPECT scan\| Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography \| Mayfield Clinic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT to label tracers are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and fluorine-18.
		These radioactive forms of natural elements will pass safely through your body and be detected by the scanner.
		tracer: a substance, usually radioactively labeled, which is injected into your body and can be followed to gain information about metabolic processes.
	www.mayfieldclinic.com /PE-SPECT.htm (773 words)

	SwRI Technology Today - "Radioactive Tracer Methods" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Once these parts are re-installed in the test engine, gamma rays emitted from radionuclides of the irradiated wear particles serve as detectable tracers as the particles circulate through the lubrication system after being abraded from the moving parts as the engine is operated in a variety of speed and load regimes.
		The purpose is to create gamma-ray emitting radionuclides in the surface layer for use as detectable tracers for wear abraded particles or as markers for non-abraded materials.
		Wear is measured as diminished emissions from the parts, or as increased emissions from abraded particles suspended in lubrication oil.
	www.bioengineering.swri.org /3pubs/ttoday/spring98/trace1.htm (299 words)

	Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan \| Mayfield Clinic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Once the tracer is absorbed in your body, a ring-shaped scanner is positioned over the body area.
		The radioisotopes used in PET to label tracers are 11C, 13N, 150, and 18F (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and 18F used as a substitute for hydrogen).
		The radiolabeled tracer is radioactive, which means your body is exposed to about the same amount of radiation as in two chest X-rays.
	www.mayfieldclinic.com /PE-PET.htm (861 words)

	"RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATES of HOLLYWOOD - Radiology Procedures"
		The tracer goes to the target organ and can then be imaged with a Gamma Camera which takes pictures of the radiation photons emitted by the radioactive tracer.
		Bone Scan: The tracer is taken up by the bones and shows area of bone activity such as fracture, arthritis, tumor, metastatic disease, etc. The patient is injected intravenously in the morning with the bone scan agent and returns to the department three hours later for imaging of the skeleton under a gamma camera.
		This is a radioactive tracer which goes to the lungs and becomes trapped in the small capillary vessels of the lungs.
	www.rahradiology.com /proc/nucmed.htm (965 words)

	try (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The tracer remains in the body temporarily before it is eliminated as waste, usually in the urine or stool (feces).
		During a ventilation scan, a tracer gas (xenon 133 or krypton 85) is inhaled into the lungs.
		During a perfusion scan, the tracer (radioactive technetium attached to a blood protein) is injected into a vein in the arm.
	web.indstate.edu /nurs/mary/N308/notebacktmp.html (893 words)

	Study Shows New Imaging Tracer Clarifies Cause of Chest Pain Up to 30 Hours After Pain Stops
		The discovery may help physicians in emergency rooms and in their offices determine whether a patient's chest pain, which may have subsided hours earlier, is related to heart disease or something else, such as indigestion.
		The radioactive tracer evaluated for this study, known by the brand name Zemiva, links a fatty acid to a radioisotope which is injected in the patient.
		The new tracer test keys in on this metabolic disturbance and seemingly remembers the imprint of an episode of reduced blood flow long after the episode, a process that is called "ischemic memory." According to Dr. Dilsizian, "When you image the heart, you see lack of or reduced fatty acid metabolism."
	www.umm.edu /news/releases/zemiva.html (537 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		"Radioactive marker" means radioactive material placed subsurface or on a structure intended for subsurface use for the purpose of depth determination or direction orientation.
		"Subsurface tracer study" means the release of a substance tagged with radioactive material for the purpose of tracing the movement or position of the tagged substance in the well-bore or adjacent formation.
		During each logging or tracer application, the logging supervisor or other designated employee shall maintain direct surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized and/or unnecessary entry into a restricted area, as defined in 32 Ill. Adm.
	www.state.il.us /idns/html/legal/codeslaws/351.htm (4340 words)

	Bone Scan: Health Topics: UI Health Care
		A bone scan uses a weak radioactive material (tracer) which is given into a vein inthe arm.
		In a normal bone scan, the radioactive tracer is evenly spread throughout the bones.
		Use formula for 2 days after the scan to allow the radioactive tracer to be eliminated from your body.
	www.uihealthcare.com /topics/testsandexams/test3228.html (517 words)

	cancerfacts.com.
		The new agent is a radioactive tracer that is more readily taken up by prostate cancer cells to produce a better x-ray image.
		The tracer 11C-Acetate not only showed significantly greater sensitivity for prostate cancer, it was also better able to detect the spread (metastasis) of the cancer to distant parts of the body.
		PET scans using various tracer elements have been increasingly recognized as a vital tool in the diagnosis of many cancers, including melanoma, lymphoma, and lung, colorectal, and breast cancer.
	www.cancerfacts.com /Home_News.asp?CancerTypeId=4&NewsId=1353 (499 words)

	[No title]
		8.3.14 "Subsurface tracer study" means the release of unsealed radioactive material or a substance labeled with radioactive material in a single well for the purpose of tracing the movement or position of the material or substance in the well or adjacent formation.
		The analysis must be capable of detecting the presence of 0.005 microcurie of radioactive material on the test sample and must be performed by a person approved by the Department, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or an Agreement State to perform the analysis.
		The licensee shall immediately remove the sealed source involved from use and shall cause it to be decontaminated and repaired or to be disposed of by a licensee authorized by the Department, the NRC or an Agreement State to perform these functions.
	www.scdhec.net /hr/docs/radhlth/A8.doc (3779 words)

	Radioactive and Stable Isotope Tracers: Comparison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It recognizes that, in general, most substances have virtually no endogenous mass of radioactive tracer, while, in the stable isotope situation, non-negligible mass of the different isotopic species is detectable naturally in a baseline sample.
		For the radioactive tracer, a small amount of radioactivity can be quantitated easily.
		For the sample, you need very little radioactive tracer mass to quantitate with accuracy; for the stable isotope, you see you will need to carefully separate the isotopic species.
	depts.washington.edu /rfpk/training/tutorials/modeling/part7/35.html (144 words)

	Agricultural Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A solution of phosphate, containing radioactive phosphorus-32, is injected into the root system of a plant.
		Since phosphorus-32 behaves indentically to that of phosphorus-31, the more common and non-radioactive form of the element, it is used by the plant in the same way.
		A Geiger counter is then used to detect the movement of the radioactive phosphorus-32 throughout the plant.
	www.chem.duke.edu /~jds/cruise_chem/nuclear/agriculture.html (153 words)

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