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Topic: Radiocarbon test

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	Breakthrough Effort Authenticate The Shroud
		A series of pictures of one of the samples taken in 1988 for the radiocarbon dating and of the remaining part that was not used were submitted to three textile experts, independently and without saying the samples had been taken from the Shroud.
		Carbon-dating tests conducted in Oxford, Zurich and Tucson, Arizona, in 1988 indicated that the shroud was a forgery and had been made between 1260 and 1390.
		Supporters of the latest move said that there was a "plausible theory" that the 1988 tests on tiny fragments taken from the shroud had been "skewed" by the possible fusion of the original 1st-century cloth with the fibres of later additions, giving a "confused and inaccurate" carbon dating.
	www.rense.com /general28/breaktr.htm (1684 words)

	Brown, R. H. --- The Interpretation of C-14 Dates
		The radiocarbon "date" or age for a specimen is a statement of the length of time that would be required for a specimen from an idealized contemporary environment to lose by spontaneous radioactive transformation sufficient carbon-14 (C-14) to have the same C-14 concentration as found in the test specimen.
		Radiocarbon age is a convenient and useful way to express the concentration of C-14 in natural organic and sedimentary material.
		In practice radiocarbon laboratories are reluctant to specify a radiocarbon age greater than 40,000 due to uncertainties with respect to contamination from younger C-14.
	www.grisda.org /origins/06030.htm (4092 words)

	NPS Archeology Program: Kennewick Man
		Non-destructive tests alone were insufficient to answer the question of the age of the skeletal remains reasonably.
		For two of the tests, measuring the percentages of mineral/organic content of sediments and the crystalline mineral characteristics of the sediments, analysis indicated a similarity between the skeletal sediments and sediments in the natural profile dated to between about 7,000 and 9,000 years ago.
		Recommendations of potentially suitable radiocarbon laboratories were sought from the claimant Indian tribes and bands, the plaintiff scientists, the Corps of Engineers, and the scientific experts who worked with the DOI and COE on the initial Kennewick examination.
	www.cr.nps.gov /archeology/kennewick/mcmanamon.htm (5314 words)

	The UnMuseum - Radiocarbon Dating
		That was, until the invention of radiocarbon dating.
		With a record of the amount of carbon-14 found in the atmosphere available through the pines, scientists were then able to calibrate the test and get dates that matched their written records.
		The radiocarbon dating method has been invaluable in helping scientists date archaeological sites where no other method was available and confirm dates at other locations.
	unmuseum.mus.pa.us /radiocar.htm (882 words)

	[No title]
		Radiocarbon dating was one peaceful by-product of accelerated wartime research into atomic physics and radioactivity in the 1940s.
		It has long been recognized that if the radiocarbon atoms could be detected directly, rather than by waiting for their decay, smaller samples could be used for dating and older dates could be measured.
		To measure the age (that is, the abundance of radiocarbon), the sample can be placed into a mass spectrometer and that atom counted, or the sample can be placed into a Geiger counter and counted, requiring a wait on the average of 8000 years (the mean life of radiocarbon) for the decay.
	www.lycos.com /info/radiocarbon-dating--samples.html (679 words)

	Dating Exhibit
		Radiocarbon determinations can be obtained on wood; charcoal; marine and fresh-water shell; bone and antler; peat and organic-bearing sediments, carbonate deposits such as tufa, caliche, and marl; and dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonates in ocean, lake and ground-water sources.
		In addition, in the 1950s the testing of thermonuclear weapons injected large amounts of artificial radiocarbon ("Radiocarbon Bomb") into the atmosphere, permitting it to be used as a geochemical tracer.
		In addition, the half-life of radiocarbon must be known with sufficient accuracy, and it must be possible to measure natural levels of radiocarbon to appropriate levels of accuracy and precision.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/dating/radio_carbon.html (700 words)

	The method
		The radiocarbon method is based on the rate of decay of the radioactive or unstable carbon isotope 14 (14C), which is formed in the upper atmosphere through the effect of cosmic ray neutrons upon nitrogen 14.
		The first acid test of the new method was based upon radiocarbon dating of known age samples primarily from Egypt (the dates are shown in the diagram by the red lines, each with a ±1 standard deviation included).
		Radiocarbon dates of sequential dendrochronologically aged trees primarily of US bristlecone pine and German and Irish oak have been measured over the past 10 years to produce a calendrical / radiocarbon calibration curve which now extends back over 10 000 years (more on Calibration).
	www.c14dating.com /int.html (1743 words)

	Abstract 40(1-2), no. 8
		One explanation for the radiocarbon dates on the Shroud of Turin being younger than the time of Christ is that the heat from a fire, which scorched a portion of the Shroud, may have affected the
		This report describes a laboratory test on the susceptibility of cellulose, in the form of cotton, to incorporate carbon from CO while it is heated in a closed tube with carbon dioxide until the cotton considerably darkened.
		The implication of this test is that scorching is an unlikely mechanism to affect the apparent age of cellulose-like material.
	www.radiocarbon.org /Journal/v40n1-2/Abstracts/8.html (167 words)

	Radiocarbon Dating Dinosaurs? \| CRSEF Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Radiocarbon dating is not possible beyond 50,000 years, yet these dates were within that limit.
		Because the AMS appears to be the choice of radiocarbon dating experts today and, because the AMS is assigned very low +/-deviations we tend to believe the lower dates as true values for the radiocarbon dating process.
		Although there is little or no collagen in the bones as observed by radiocarbon dating labs the organic matter present in the bones are obviously biogenic in nature; that is: the source of the carbon is the dinosaur tissue and other organic matter buried with it.
	www.worldbydesign.org /research/c14dating/datingdinosaurs.html (1896 words)

	DATING OF TIME IN EVOLUTION - 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Radiocarbon dating is only "consistent" because the large number of C-14 dates which do not agree—are thrown out.—pp.
		However, radiocarbon dating is based on the assumption that there have been no such changes!—p.
		As would be expected, racemization results do not agree with radiocarbon test results.
	www.pathlights.com /ce_encyclopedia/06dat3.htm (1455 words)

	Radiocarbon Dating and Questions
		Libby’s discovery, now known as the carbon-14 (or radiocarbon) technique, was a method that could be used to determine the age of organic remains.
		Consequently, the ages determined by the radiocarbon method are not taken seriously by archeologists because of the problems in the basic assumptions upon which the method was established.
		Occasionally, the radiocarbon method is used to roughly determine whether an object is modern or of considerable antiquity; in essence, it is used as an authenticity test.
	www.s8int.com /baddating2.html (1641 words)

	The Testimony of Radiocarbon Dating
		In 1963 it seemed hopeless to expect that there would ever be a radiocarbon test of Egyptian chronology of the New and Late Kingdoms, the mainstay of the chronological structure of the entire complex known as the ancient East.
		Libby, in his Radiocarbon Dating, stressed that the method is good only on the condition that the influx of cosmic rays has not changed during the last 25 or 30 thousand years, and also that the quantity of water in the oceans has not changed in the same period of time.
		The other way of using radiocarbon dating to test the correctness of the reconstruction of ancient history is in testing organic material from a period removed by several centuries from the last cosmic catastrophe.
	www.varchive.org /ce/tc14.htm (4725 words)

	MediaRePatch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The samples used in the 1988 tests came from a section of the cloth that was rewoven in the Middle Ages, according to Rogers.
		Independent tests carried out on some of the fragments used for the C-14 tests showed that 40 percent were 1st-century fibers and 60 percent were 16th-century material.
		COLUMBUS - Carbon-dating tests that determined the Shroud of Turin isn't old enough to be the burial cloth of Jesus are flawed because some of the tests were done on patches of the original material, two researchers say.
	newvistas.homestead.com /MediaRePatch.html (7918 words)

	In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood - How Accurate Is Radiocarbon Dating?
		Radiocarbon dating requires knowing the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in the atmosphere when the organic matter being dated was part of a living organism.
		He ignored his test results, because he believed the earth must be more than 20,000–30,000 years old, in which case the amount of carbon-14 must have had time to reach equilibrium and be constant.
		If the atmosphere’s ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 has doubled since the flood and we did not know it, radiocarbon ages of things that lived soon after the flood would appear to be one half-life (or 5,730 years) older than their true ages.
	www.creationscience.com /onlinebook/FAQ2.html (1635 words)

	The Biggest Radiocarbon Dating Mistake Ever
		The results of radiocarbon measurements at Arizona, Oxford and Zurich yield a calibrated calendar age range with at least 95% confidence for the linen of the Shroud of Turin of AD 1260 - 1390 (rounded down/up to nearest 10 yr).
		It is not wrong for science to test and challenge religious beliefs; for instance the creation of the universe or the evolution of the human species.
		In radiocarbon dating, whatever is being dated is incinerated until all that remains is carbon or carbon dioxide gas.
	www.innoval.com /C14 (4192 words)

	Dating in conflict (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However, if it registered any age at all on the radiocarbon test (and all sources of potential contamination had been eliminated), it would mean that it could not possibly be millions of years old.
		C (radiocarbon to ‘normal’ carbon) in the pre-Flood atmosphere, for which there are several readily postulated mechanisms.
		This is a critical test in regard to the possibility that the wood may have been contaminated by more recent microbes while in the ground or later.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v19/i2/dating.asp (986 words)

	[No title]
		The British Museum, selected the Chi^2 to be the criterion for the assessment of the radiocarbon dating results for the Shroud.
		The MAXIMUM Chi^2 test value for 95% confidence and (3-1) degrees of freedom is 5.99.
		Theoretically, if the calculated Chi^2 test value could have occurred only by chance, with a probability LESS than that selected, then the set of data would be considered as being DIFFERENT.
	www.lycos.com /info/radiocarbon-dating--turin-shroud.html (231 words)

	K-12
		Radiocarbon dating enabled archaeologists and other scientists to verify the ages of carbon-bearing materials ndependently and almost overnight revolutionised the approach of dating the past.
		Radiocarbon dating is one of the critical discoveries in 20th century science and it provided one of the most important tools for archaeologists in their quest to uncover the past.
		Radiocarbon dating is limited to the period 0 - 60 000 years, because the 'half-life' of radiocarbon is about 5700 years, so to date rocks scientists must use other methods.
	www.c14dating.com /k12.html (2794 words)

	Hope Unfolding, Num 3 Vol 1
		The Department of the Interior contacted four laboratories with requests for radiocarbon tests: Stafford Research Laboratories in Boulder, Beta Analytical in Miami, the University of California at Riverside, and the University of Arizona in Tucson.
		The radiocarbon technique has been and continues to be applied and used in many different fields including hydrology, atmospheric science, oceanography, geology, palaeoclimatology, archaeology, and biomedicine.
		As previously mentioned, the theory of radiocarbon dating is elegant, but it is built on a foundation that may be fatally flawed, a fact that is only recently becoming evident.
	www.hopecommunitybible.com /newsletter/v01n03.html (3473 words)

	British Society for the Turin Shroud - Issue #44 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A point that Petrosillo and Marinelli make particularly well is that because the radiocarbon laboratory scientists wanted to make their testing of the Shroud a showpiece demonstration of their AMS method, any question of the test's possible unreliability or unsuitability for the Shroud became completely downplayed.
		His surprise conclusion is that 'the radiocarbon samples are not representative of the non-image samples that comprise the bulk of the cloth.' Furthermore, examination by scanning electron microscope revealed 'gross enrichment of the inorganic mineral elements in the radiocarbon samples, even compared to the waterstain fibres taken from the bulk of the cloth.'
		By the scientist most responsible for the development of the AMS method by which the Shroud was radiocarbon dated, this promises to be a lively contribution to the Shroud debate, and publication was expected around the time of the publication of this Newsletter.
	www.shroud.com /bsts4410.htm (2393 words)

	AERA – How old are the pyramids?, Radiocarbon dating
		The earliest experiments in radiocarbon dating were done on ancient material from Egypt.
		Alternatively, if our radiocarbon estimations were in error for some reason, we had to assume that many other dates obtained from Egyptian materials were also suspect.
		Radiocarbon dating can only tell us when a tree died, not when it was last used.
	www.aeraweb.org /how_old.asp (1265 words)

	Top Mid-Columbia stories for July 29, 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Despite a radiocarbon test done shortly after the bones were found, their age remains the key unanswered question in determining their fate.
		Among the reasons for the tests is that the Interior Department can't be absolutely sure the first radiocarbon test was done on a Kennewick Man bone instead of an unrelated piece of bone.
		They didn't, forcing the agency to turn to destructive tests, which tribes have long said were offensive to their culture and religion.
	www.tri-cityherald.com /news/1999/0729.html (2814 words)

	Cultural History
		Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the hearths at Tule Springs, excavated by the Southwest Museum, yielded dates of over 23,800 years ago.
		Because of the possible contamination of the charcoal before the radiocarbon test, many archeologists feel that these dates are too early.
		Lieutenant Edward F. Beale was testing camels for desert travel for the War Department.
	www.canyon-country.com /mohave/cultural_history.html (1077 words)

	Letters
		The idea of great catastrophes is entirely strange to him and he asserts that Velikovsky was completely disproven by radiocarbon especially in Egyptian chronology which was proven very exact and many times so in their laboratory and in many other places.
		Although in my lecture I did not deal with Ages in Chaos and with the problem of chronology, but it is a high time to disclose the results of radiocarbon tests on objects dating from the New Kingdom.
		A‘pseudoscientist’demands, now for eight years, a laboratory test of his theory: the true scientists evade the issue supplying instead personal evaluations of their opponent.
	www.varchive.org /cor/schaeffer/610417vs.htm (702 words)

	Carbon-Cycle Modeling
		The models are tested by "hindcasting" the behavior of the carbon cycle from the historical past to the present.
		The two modelers tested their hypothesis by performing a pair of simulations that compared the standard treatment of convection to a "test" simulation in which the model's convection mechanism was partially suppressed.
		Nuclear test radiocarbon inventory in 1975, as well as data on both natural and bomb radiocarbon collected through GEOSECS (Geochemical Ocean Sections Study, an ocean data collection program), were used as reference points for adjusting model parameters.
	www.llnl.gov /str/Duffy.html (3165 words)

	Radiocarbon Dating
		A more difficult to deal problem with radiocarbon dating came from Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts when the dates were already known.
		So, by comparing many different trees in a forest in South Germany, and performing radiocarbon dating on a large number of samples, a calibration scale was developed.
		Our faith should not be based merely on Radiocarbon dating, but it is a strong witness to the accuracy and reliability of the Bible.
	www.biblequery.org /Science/RadiocarbonDatingAndTheBible.htm (1589 words)

	Dating the Pyramids
		Old friends and supporters of the deceased psychic had visited Giza in the early 1980s and several of them were willing to put their beliefs to the test by radiocarbon dating the Great Pyramid.
		The 1984 radiocarbon dates from monuments spanning Dynasty 3 (Djoser) to late Dynasty 5 (Unas), averaged 374 years older than the Cambridge Ancient History dates of the kings with whom the pyramids are identified.
		Our radiocarbon dates from the site suggest that, like those from the pyramids, the dates on charcoal from the settlement scatter widely in time with many dates older than the historical estimate.
	www.archaeology.org /9909/abstracts/pyramids.html (1037 words)

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