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Topic: Radioisotope

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Synthetic radioisotope

Radioactive waste

Decay product

Tritium

Radioactive contamination

Nuclear reactor

Nuclear medicine

Radioactive decay

Radioisotope thermoelectric generator

Technetium

Radioactive tracer

Autoradiography

Isotope

Pressurized water reactor

Nuclear weapon design

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	radioisotope - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about radioisotope
		Most radioisotopes are made by bombarding a stable element with neutrons in the core of a nuclear reactor (see fission).
		The radiations given off by radioisotopes are easy to detect (hence their use as tracers), can in some instances penetrate substantial thicknesses of materials, and have profound effects (such as genetic mutation) on living matter.
		Radioisotopes have many uses in medicine, for example in radiotherapy and radioisotope scanning.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /radioisotope (241 words)

	Brown, R. H. --- Are Radioisotope Methods Reliable?
		Radioisotope ages that are significantly greater (or less) than conformable with geological assignment are reasonably explainable on the basis of postulated parent loss and/or daughter gain (or parent gain and/or daughter loss), as a result of solution penetration and/or heating in one or more episodes since the initial formation of the mineral.
		Radioisotope ages may be reasonably explained on the basis of either uniformitarian geology or young-earth biblical geology.
		When the physical measurement of a radioisotope half-life (disintegration rate) has a large range of uncertainty, it is only reasonable for geochronologists to use the boundary value that produces radioisotope ages most closely in accord with expectations based on geologic criteria.
	www.grisda.org /origins/25104.htm (1231 words)

	Radioisotope thermoelectric generator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay.
		In such a device, the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material is converted into electricity using an array of thermocouples.
		Although not strictly RTGs, small samples of radioactive material called radioisotope heater units are also used by various spacecraft for heating including the Mars Exploration Rovers, Galileo and Cassini.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator (2073 words)

	[No title]
		Although it is a radioisotope it does not come within the family of radioisotope suited to the needs of either tracer methodology, diagnostic use or internal therapeutic application (intravenous or parenteral).
		RADIOISOTOPE WARD Dr. Lyon stated that there were many problems arising in connection with the establishment of a ward for this purpose and that a policy with respect thereto was needed.
		The proper use of radioisotopes in medical practice is encompassed in the normal responsibilities of the individual and of the institution or hospital.
	www.gwu.edu /~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet9/brief9/tab_i/br9i5b.txt (7271 words)

	Brown 1996 / Radioisotope Age - GeoRpts n20
		The radioisotope age of a specimen is obtained from a calculation of the time that would be required for unstable parent atoms [P] to spontaneously convert to daughter atoms [D] in sufficient amount to account for the present D/P ratio in the specimen.
		From a biblical perspective, radioisotope mineral ages associated with fossils are characteristics of the mineral in which the organic material was buried, and provide no information concerning the time of burial.
		Radioisotope ages that did not meet these requirements were rejected on the basis of presumed chemical and/or physical modification that made the "ages" unreliable indicators of real time.
	www.grisda.org /georpts/2001.htm (1184 words)

	radioisotope scanning - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about radioisotope scanning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Use of radioactive materials (radioisotopes or radionucleides) to pinpoint disease.
		The diagnostic record gained from radioisotope scanning is known as a scintigram.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /radioisotope%20scanning (166 words)

	Radioisotope Safety Procedures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Procurement and possession of radioisotopes shall be within the limitations of the valid Radiation Use Authorization.
		Radioisotope containers, storage and work areas, and potentially contaminated items shall be labeled with a "Caution Radioactive Material" sticker.
		Storage of edibles in posted refrigerators, freezers, or areas where radioisotopes are present is strictly prohibited.
	radsafe.berkeley.edu /isopstr.html (462 words)

	radioisotope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some of the probe's instruments are powered by three radioisotope thermoelectric generators, which convert the natural decay of radioactive material into...
		It is applicable to a wide range of radioisotope imaging used in diagnosis and patient monitoring.
		Radioisotope and toxin conjugates are most common but protein, cytokine or other immune-stimulatory conjugates are also under development.
	www.biometnews.com /biotechnology/radioisotope.html (627 words)

	Chapter 6: Local Oversight: Radioisotope Committees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From its inception, the AEC distribution system required each local institution to establish a "local radioisotope committee," later termed a "medical isotopes committee." Initially, the primary purpose was to simplify the allocation process by having local institutions establish their own priorities before applying to the AEC.
		By 1956, the functions of the local radioisotope committees included reviewing applications, prescribing any special precautions, reviewing reports from their radiological safety officers, recommending remedial action when safety rules were not observed, and keeping records of their own activities.
		One local radioisotope committee, that of Massachusetts General Hospital, was established in May 1946, prior to the AEC requirement.
	www.eh.doe.gov /ohre/roadmap/achre/chap6_4.html (2022 words)

	Radioactive isotope : Radioisotope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Radioisotopes are unstable radioactive isotopes that either occur naturally or are produced by bombarding small amounts of particular elements with neutrons (usually emitted from a nuclear reactor).
		In medicine, radioisotopes are widely used for diagnosis and research.
		In food preservation, radioisotopes are used to inhibit the sprouting of root crops after harvesting, to kill parasites and pests, and to control the ripening of stored fruit and vegetables.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ra/Radioisotope.html (361 words)

	Brown, R. H. --- Radioisotope Age
		For the dating of Lucy, P was the unstable isotope of potassium-40 and D was the stable isotope of argon- 40.
		A relationship of a radioisotope age with real-time must be based on an interpretation.
		Early twentieth-century determinations of rock age from the ratio of daughter to radioactive parent were rejected by geologists on the basis of being unacceptably old (large).
	www.grisda.org /georpts/gr20_01.htm (1213 words)

	Radioisotope Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These radioisotopes are then attached to biologically relevant molecules using a biosynthesizer unit.
		These radioisotopes are unstable and decay by a process involving positron emission.
		Radioisotopes produced with the cyclotron are transfered to the biosynthesizer unit and attached to clinically useful biological markers.
	www.crump.ucla.edu /software/lpp/radioisotopes/radioisoprod.html (871 words)

	Radioisotope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Japan Radioisotope Association Established in 1951 as an organization of radioisotope users and research workers to contribute to progress in science and technology, and to promote industry and the economy.
		Polatom - Radioisotope Centre Polish producer of radioactive materials for: medicine, science, industry, environmental protection.
		MDS Nordion Radioisotope technology used to prevent, diagnose and treat disease.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Radioisotope.html (215 words)

	Articles / Impact / Radioisotope Dating of Radioisotope Dating of Grand Canyon Rocks: Another Devastating Failure for ...
		Because the different radioisotopes are dating the same geologic event, to have produced different "dates" has to mean that the parent radioisotopes have decayed at different rates over the same time period.
		In other words, the decay of the parent radioisotopes was accelerated by different amounts, the decay of those yielding older "ages" (the alpha-decayers) having been accelerated more.
		Obviously, if radioisotope decay was accelerated, say during the Genesis Flood, then the radioisotope decay "clocks" could never be relied upon to "date" rocks as many millions of years old.
	www.icr.org /index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=42 (1575 words)

	Radioisotope thermoelectric generator - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The radioactive material used must have a relatively short half-life so that it decays quickly enough to generate a usable amount of heat.
		Typical half-lives for radioisotopes used in RTGs are a few decades.
		Update to the safety program for the general-purpose heat source radioisotope thermoelectric generator for the Galileo and Ulysses missions
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator.htm (1129 words)

	UMD-EHSO Radiation Protection
		Radioisotope sources and radioactive wastes must be stored in a secure area.
		All radioisotope use areas for which the permit holder is responsible must be accounted for on the Quarterly Report.
		All active, radioisotope areas that are classified as "Low Risk", must have contamination surveys completed each month, and the results submitted with the Quarterly Report.
	www.d.umn.edu /ehso/Radiation/radlab.html (731 words)

	Radioisotope Dating Methods that date the rock, not the fossil itself.
		Since the radioisotope dating techniques, discussed on this web page, do not date the fossil but the rock surrounding the fossil; We need to look at a different set of assumptions than is necessary when considering either C-14 or Amino Acid dates.
		When trying to understand Radioisotope Dating techniques from the short time perspective of the Creationary Paradigm, it is important that we understand the assumptions made by both the Scientific Community and the much smaller Creation Science Community.
		Radioisotope dating methods that date the rock, and not the fossil itself produce much longer ages than the radioisotope dating methods that only date the fossil itself.
	www.creation-science-prophecy.com /dating.htm (533 words)

	Radiation Safety Plan
		This instrument shall be calibrated at least annually for the radioisotopes used within the respective labs and a calibration label affixed to the instrument for inspection.
		Therefore, prior to submission of grant proposals which require the use of radioisotopes for research, it would be prudent to submit a detailed list of the potential quantities and types of waste anticipated to ensure that a disposal avenue exists and that the future request for RAM will be viewed favorably.
		The instrument should be calibrated for all the radioisotopes commonly used by the respective laboratory that are within the detection capacity of the instrument.
	www.vims.edu /admin/safety/Radplan.html (8348 words)

	radioisotope on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sensitivity and Specificity of Radioisotope Right-Left Shunt Measurements and Pulse Oximetry for the Early Detection of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations(*).
		Radioisotope power systems effort will move to Argonne-West by 2005.
		Radioisotope marking under CT guidance and localization using a handheld gamma probe for small or indistinct pulmonary lesions *.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-radioiso.asp (277 words)

	Radiation Safety
		The Authorization specifies the radioisotopes the PI is permitted to use, the authorized chemical and physical form for those radioisotopes, the possession limits for each radioisotope, the authorized location of radioisotope use, and the authorized experimental protocol(s).
		Although a separate Authorization Number is issued for each radioisotope the PI intends to use, the PI may use one application form for all the radioisotopes of interest.
		As part of this notification, the PI is provided with a copy of a Radioisotope Authorization that specifies the radioisotopes that may be used, the possession limits that apply to each radioisotope, the location(s) in which radioisotope use may occur and any conditions that have been imposed on the PI’s use of radioactive materials.
	webware.princeton.edu /sites/ehs/radiation/authorization.htm (910 words)

	Radioisotope rocket (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The radioisotope rocket is a type of rocket engine that uses the heat generated by the decay of radioactive elements to heat a working fluid, which is then exhausted through a rocket nozzle to produce thrust.
		The basic idea is a development of existing radioisotope thermoelectric generator, or RTG, systems, in which the heat generatedby decaying nuclear fuel is used to generate power.
		In the rocket application the generator is removed, and the working fluid isinstead used to produce thrust directly.
	www.therfcc.org /radioisotope-rocket-117059.html (324 words)

	Chapter 6: Origins of the AEC Radioisotope Distribution Program in the Manhattan Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The postwar program for distributing radioisotopes grew out of the part of the Manhattan Project that had developed the greatest technical expertise during the war: the Isotopes Division of the Research Division at Oak Ridge.
		Plans to distribute radioisotopes to medical researchers outside the Manhattan Project were developed in the final year of the Project.
		Radioisotopes could not simply be ordered from the Manhattan Engineer District; each purchase had to be reviewed and approved.
	biotech.law.lsu.edu /research/reports/ACHRE/chap6_2.html (1457 words)

	KYOTO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY > Campus Facilities > Radioisotope Laboratory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The laboratory is equipped with fundamental facilities needed to perform tracer experiments using eight species of radioactive compounds that had been approved to be used in the laboratory by the government agency, namely, compounds containing 45-Ca, 125-I, 32-P, 33-P, 35-S, 59-Fe, 3-H and 14-C, as of November 2002.
		One is to receive a special education related to radioisotopes and to obtain the certificate.
		The other is to have a health check before one uses radioisotopes and to be approved as a user of the laboratory.
	www.kit.ac.jp /english/05/05_100000.html (170 words)

	Voyager - Spacecraft - Instruments - Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators
		The RTGs are mounted in tandem (end-to-end) on a deployable boom as part of the MM.
		The heat source radioisotopic fuel is Plutonium-238 in the form of the oxide Pu02.
		In the isotopic decay process, alpha particles are released which bombard the inner surface of the container.
	voyager.jpl.nasa.gov /spacecraft/instruments_rtg.html (123 words)

	Radionuclide
		Radionuclides are often referred to by chemists and biologists as radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes, and play an important part in the technologies that provide us with food, water and good health.
		Radioisotopes produced with nuclear reactors exploit the high flux of neutrons present.
		Cyclotrons are used to accelerate protons at a target to produce positron emitting radioisotopes e.g.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Radioisotope (1300 words)

	Chapter 6: The AEC Assumes Responsibility for Radioisotope Distribution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At the heart of overseeing the expansion of the use of radioisotopes was the Subcommittee on Human Applications of the AEC's Advisory Committee on Isotope Distribution.
		By the time of the 1956 guide, the use of radioisotopes with half-lives greater than thirty days ordinarily would not be permitted without prior animal studies establishing metabolic properties, unless patients had a short life expectancy.
		Suffice it to say that by the mid-1960s the regulation of radioisotope research was beginning to merge with the regulation of pharmaceutical research in general.
	biotech.law.lsu.edu /research/reports/ACHRE/chap6_3.html (2442 words)

	Lab technology helps power Rover on Mars \| The Newsbulletin \| February 9, 2004
		Radioisotope heater units made at Los Alamos maintain operating temperatures for instruments aboard the Galileo space probe and on the Cassini spacecraft and Huygens probe.
		Coupled with static electrical converter systems in a variety of radioisotope thermoelectric generators, plutonium-238 heat sources have helped provide electrical power for numerous other successful space instruments for more than three decades, including Apollo lunar surface scientific packages, several satellites and the Pioneer, Viking, Voyager, Galileo and Cassini space probes.
		The heater units on the surface of Mars originally were fabricated at Technical Area 55 for NASA's Cassini mission, which is scheduled to arrive at Saturn in July.
	www.lanl.gov /orgs/pa/newsbulletin/2004/02/09/text02.shtml (819 words)

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