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Topic: Radiolaria

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Polycystine

Acantharea

Sticholonche

Amoeboid

Cercozoa

Foraminifera

Amoebozoa

Apoptosis

Micropaleontology

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Euglenozoa

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	Radiolaria
		Radiolaria are holoplanktonic protozoa and form part of the zooplankton, they are non-motile (except when flagella-bearing reproductive swarmers are produced) but contain buoyancy enhancing structures; they may be solitary or colonial.
		During the late Palaeozoic Radiolaria show a gradual decline until the end of the Jurassic when there is a rapid diversification, this coincides with the diversification of the dinoflagellates which may have represented an increased source of food for the Radiolaria.
		Radiolaria are often smaller than foraminifera but may be veiwed using the same techniques as those described for foraminifera, and they can be picked and mounted in the same way.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /GeolSci/micropal/radiolaria.html (1245 words)

	article14.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		RADIOLARIA is one of the protozoan groups that have been described and illustrated for over one hundred and fifty years in studies conducted on rock samples as well as on sediments collected during various oceanographic expeditions.
		Examination of continuous sequences of sediment cores, containing well-preserved radiolaria and foraminifera and their geomagnetic reversal records, has led to the establishment of radiolarian zones that can be correlated to zones based on other microfossil groups, and also to determine stage boundaries and radiometric ages with increasing accuracy.
		Radiolaria are widely distributed in the oceans and are found on the surface of the ocean as well up to depths of hundreds of metres.
	www.iisc.ernet.in /~currsci/nov10/articles14.htm (2708 words)

	RADIOLARIA - Online Information article about RADIOLARIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It must not be supposed, however, that less importance is to be attached to the distinguishing and recording of such forms because we are not able to assert that they are permanent species.
		' The streaming of the granules of the protoplasm has been observed in the pseudopodia of Radiolaria as in those of Heliozoa and Reticularia; it has also been seen in the deeper protoplasm; and granules have been definitely seen to pass through the pores of the central capsule from the intracapsular to the extracapsular protoplasm.
		Fusion or conjugation of adult Radiolaria, whether preliminary to swarm-spore-production or independently of it, has not been observed—this affording a distinction between them and Heliozoa.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PYR_RAY/RADIOLARIA.html (975 words)

	Radiolaria
		The Radiolaria are a group of unicellular organisms perhaps more commonly met with as prepared slides, rather than in life.
		If the radiolaria are swirled in the dish the debris will tend to gather on one side of the bottom whilst the shells remain in suspension and can be deftly decanted.
		Radiolaria are some of the most spectacular objects for the microscope.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artjun99/bdradio.html (451 words)

	Life History and Ecology of the Radiolaria
		The niches of Radiolaria are rather complex and species may vary within any given niche based on a given season, depth, and/or the availability of food.
		Radiolaria provide ammonium and carbon dioxide for the dinoflagellate symbionts, and in return the dinoflagellates provide their radiolarian host with a jelly-like layer that serves as both for protection and capturing prey.
		Radiolaria populations are very low in the eutrophic shallow waters, which tend to lack symbiotic algae.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /protista/radiolaria/radlh.html (499 words)

	Radiolaria -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Radiolaria are (Click link for more info and facts about amoeboid) amoeboid protozoa that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into inner and outer portions, called endoplasm and ectoplasm.
		Radiolarians have many needle-like pseudopods supported by (A microscopically small tubule) microtubules, called axopods, which aid in flotation.
		The radiolarians and Cercozoa are included within a supergroup called the (Click link for more info and facts about Rhizaria) Rhizaria.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/radiolaria.htm (374 words)

	Radiolaria - MavicaNET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Radiolaria is an algorithmic composition modeled on biological paradigms of growth and reproduction.
		Most radiolaria possess a species' specific skeleton, mostly with star-like appearance, which is made out of silicic acid or strontium sulfate.
		Radiolaria are the most abundant fossils in Mesozoic eugeoclinal terranes along the Circum-Pacific margin.
	www.mavicanet.com /directory/eng/36573.html (878 words)

	radiolaria
		Radiolaria are amoeboid protozoa with many stiff projections supported by microtubules, called axopods, that produce intricate mineral skeletons.
		They occur as plankton throughout the ocean, and are known as common microfossils from the Cambrian period onwards.
		Heliozoa are similar to radiolaria, but lack central capsules and only produce simple skeletal elements, such as spines or scales.
	www.fact-library.com /radiolaria.html (204 words)

	Radiolaria.org
		Radiolaria are protozoa distinguished 1) by segregation of their soft anatomy into the central capsule, containing the endoplasm, and the surrounding ectoplasm (or calymma), and 2) by their siliceous (opaline) skeletons of the large majority of species.
		Surface and subsurface geographic distributions of species are influenced by ocean climatic variables, with biogeographic provinces characteristically mirroring surface and subsurface water masses.
		The classification of Radiolaria recognizes two major extant groups: 1) the polycystines, with solid skeletal elements of simple opaline silica, and 2) the Phaeodarians, with hollow skeletal elements of a complex (and as yet poorly understood) siliceous composition that results in rapid dissolution in sea water and consequent rare preservation in sediments.
	www.radiolaria.org /what_are_radiolarians.htm (865 words)

	Radiolaria
		The radiolaria comprise three groups of amoeboids protists which form intricate mineral skeletons.
		They feed and move by means of axopods, and have a frothy ectoplasm often including symbiotic zooxanthellae, which is separated by a central capsule.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ra/Radiolaria.html (84 words)

	Mounting radiolaria shells
		From a cursory examination of bibliographies, I am under the impression that the literature on radiolaria is rather limited compared to the literature on forams and diatoms.
		A classical problem in mounting radiolaria (and diatoms) is their transparency as a consequence of their siliceous composition.
		As we have already noted, the fact that they are glass presents special obstacles and even though diatoms are similarly constituted, they are generally thinner and, as a consequence, do not present the same degree of difficulty in terms of depth of field.
	www.microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artaug99/rhradio.html (1382 words)

	Introduction to the Radiolaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Radiolaria can range anywhere from 30 microns to 2 mm in diameter.
		Their skeletons tend to have arm-like extensions that resemble spikes, which are used both to increase surface area for buoyancy and to capture prey.
		The evolution of the Radiolaria can be easily traced on the broad scale, with major transitions in the global fauna, but a concise taxomony reflecting the evolutionary relationships of major groups is still elusive.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /protista/radiolaria/rads.html (272 words)

	Jurassic, Radiolaria
		The recent discovery of well-preserved Radiolaria in the Lower, Middle and Late Jurassic strata of the Neuquén Basin of west-central Argentina shows promise of establishing a detailed system of radiolarian biozonation for the Southern Hemisphere which can be related directly to ammonite-based chronostratigraphy.
		Stratigraphical Distribution of the Multicyrtids Nassellariina (Radiolaria) at the Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary in the Neuquén Basin.
		Occurrence of Vallupinae (Radiolaria, Pantanellidae) in Neuquen Basin: biostratigraphic implications
	www.utdallas.edu /~pujana/rads.htm (428 words)

	Eukaryote - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Centrioles may also be associated in the formation of a spindle during nuclear division.
		These include the radiolaria and heliozoa, which produce axopodia used in flotation or to capture prey, and the haptophytes, which have a peculiar flagellum-like organelle called the haptonema.
		Nuclear division is often coordinated with cell division.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eukaryote (1144 words)

	Radiolaria, animation projects
		Radiolaria have always been a fascinating microscopic subject
		Radiolaria exhibition and circle pattern slides have a long tradition and of course will never be outdated or replaced by electronic gadgets.
		Perhaps one of the reasons why they are so good is that they had just a pencil and no computer at that time...
	microscopy-uk.org.uk /mag/artjan00/machvida.html (1306 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Miocene Radiolaria from Andaman-Nicobar Islands, Northeast Indian Ocean/Jahanbakhsh Daneshian; Supervised by: V Sharma.
		Stratigraphically important species of radiolaria allowed the studied sections to be referred to three radiolarian zones, which in ascending order are: Stichocorys wolffii zone, Calocycletta costata Zone and Dorcadospyris alata Zone, spanning from Early to Middle Miocene (ranging in age from about 17.5 Ma to 13 Ma).
		They could not be used for precise dating of the section because of their long stratigraphic range, except that they suggest an Early Miocene age.
	dbase.irandoc.ac.ir /00234/00234064.htm (305 words)

	Reticulated Geodesic Constructions
		There are a great many radiolarian species, with widely varying forms, but in many the skeleton, or reticulum, is highly perforated and adorned with branching spikes.
		As a sculptor of organic geometrical forms, [3] I have long been entranced by Haekel's artwork and its implications.
		So I have created a purely mathematical image of a radiolarian-like nature, which is informed by this mathematical and biological background.
	www.georgehart.com /radiolaria/radiolaria.html (1649 words)

	THE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND TAXONOMY OF MESOZOIC RADIOLARIA FROM THE SAMAIL OPHIOLITE AND HAWASINA COMPLEX, OMAN. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		THE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND TAXONOMY OF MESOZOIC RADIOLARIA FROM THE SAMAIL OPHIOLITE AND HAWASINA COMPLEX, OMAN.
		Radiolarian biostratigraphic data confirms the hypothesis that rocks exposed in the Oman Mountains were deposited in a Mesozoic ocean basin and later tectonically emplaced in a vertical stratigraphic sequence.
		Radiolaria extracted from mudstones interbedded with the pillow lavas at the top of the Samail Ophiolite were Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) in age, indicating a Cenomanian age of origin for the Ophiolite.
	epublish.utdallas.edu /dissertations/AAI8126594 (423 words)

	Radiolaria.org
		The focus of the film is the life and work of Ernst Haeckel, especially his work on Radiolaria.
		The Micropalaeontological Society is a multidisciplinary group with researchers in the fields of silicofossils (radiolarians, diatoms, sponge spicules, and silicoflagellates), foraminifera, nannofossils etc...
		The easiest way to find radiolarians when searching the fossil database is to choose "Radiolaria" under "fossil group".
	www.radiolaria.org /links.htm (907 words)

	Toward the Monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria: 18S rRNA Environmental Data Support the Sisterhood of Polycystinea and ...
		Toward the Monophyly of Haeckel's Radiolaria: 18S rRNA Environmental Data Support the Sisterhood of Polycystinea and Acantharea -- López-García et al.
		Steineck P. Casey, 1990 Ecology and paleobiology of Foraminifera and Radiolaria Pp.
		Zettler L. Sogin, D. Caron, 1997 Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: a molecular perspective on Haeckel's Radiolaria Proc.
	mbe.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/1/118 (2075 words)

	Phylogenetic relationships between the Acantharea and the Polycystinea: A molecular perspective on ...
		Polycystine radiolaria are among few protistan groups that possess a comprehensive fossil record available for study by micropaleontologists.
		Today, the term "radiolaria" is generally an informal taxonomic descriptor for members of the Polycystinea (Spumellarida and
		Expedition, 3508 were new species of Radiolaria (5, 6).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/21/11411 (3700 words)

	Radiolaria - Droplet - Microscopy of the Protozoa
		Radiolaria are one of the most amazing groups of the protozoa.
		The endoskeleton (a central capsule) covers a nucleated part of the cell and it separates this part from an ectoplasm.
		Report on the Radiolaria collected by Ernst Haeckel during H.M.S. Challenger voyage 1873-1876.
	www.pirx.com /droplet/radiolaria.html (218 words)

	Meosozoic Radiolaria of the Tethyan Region (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Stratigraphic distribution of Mesozoic Radiolaria from the Tethys
		Patterns of biotic change in Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Tethyan Radiolaria.
		Dumitrica, P. Systamic framework of Jurassic and Cretaceous Radiolaria.
	ip.nhm.org /datasets/rads/index.html (468 words)

	The distribution and ecology of Radiolaria in the central Pacific by G. W Renz, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN ...
		Search 75 bookstores for: The distribution and ecology of Radiolaria in the central Pacific: Plankton and surface sediments (Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography...
		The distribution and ecology of Radiolaria in the central Pacific: Plankton and surface sediments (Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography...
		Distribution and Ecology of Radiolaria in the Cent...
	www.bookfinder4u.com /detail/0520095332.html (200 words)

	Geodiversitas 21(4)-Sommaire/Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Non-Tethyan Triassic Radiolaria from New Zealand and northeastern Siberia
		Bak M. and Bak K. Correlation of the early Albian-late Turonian radiolarian biozonation with planktonic and agglutinated foraminifera zonations in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Polish Carpathians)
		gen., a new Late Cretaceous spicule-bearing spumellarian Radiolaria from southern Sakhalin (Russia)
	www.mnhn.fr /publication/geodiv/g99n4som.html (276 words)

	Radiolaria Lyrics By Cause And Effect - LyricZ.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Radiolaria Lyrics By Cause And Effect - LyricZ.net
		Printable version of Radiolaria Lyrics By Cause And Effect
		All lyrics are property of their respective owners and are strictly for educational use only.
	www.lyricz.net /C/Cause+And+Effect/116860 (32 words)

	Ed Rogers Rare & Out of Print Books - Rare Paleontology Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Campbell, A. and Clark, B. Radiolaria from Upper Cretaceous of Middle California.
		Campbell, Kenneth E.: The Non-Passerine Pleistocene Avifauna of the Talara Tar Seeps, Northwestern Peru.
		Clark, Bruce L. and Campbell, A. Radiolaria from the Kreyenhagen Formation near Los Banos, California.
	www.geology-books.com /paleoak.html (9732 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Radiolaria [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Taxopodea Template:Taxobox end Radiolaria are amoeboid protozoa that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into inner and outer portions, called endoplasm and ectoplasm.
		Products related to Radiolaria: books, DVD, electronics, garden, kitchen, magazines, music, photo, posters, software, tools, toys, VHS, videogames
		Visit Curious-Minds.co.UK for educational games and toys, and science kits.
	encyclozine.com /Radiolaria (323 words)

	LONGOBARDIAN (MIDDLE TRIASSIC) ENTACTINARIAN AND NASSELLARIAN RADIOLARIA FROM THE DINARIDES OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ...
		LONGOBARDIAN (MIDDLE TRIASSIC) ENTACTINARIAN AND NASSELLARIAN RADIOLARIA FROM THE DINARIDES OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA -- TEKIN and MOSTLER 79 (1): 1 -- Journal of Paleontology
		LONGOBARDIAN (MIDDLE TRIASSIC) ENTACTINARIAN AND NASSELLARIAN RADIOLARIA FROM THE DINARIDES OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
		Pseudosaturniforma is emended based on the new materials.
	jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/79/1/1 (146 words)

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