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Topic: Radiosurgery

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	Radiosurgery / Stereotactic Radiosurgery
		Stereotactic radiosurgery is limited to the head and neck as these areas can be immobilized with skeletal fixation devices that completely restrict the head's movement, permitting the most precise and accurate treatment.
		Radiosurgery (one-session treatment) has such a dramatic effect in the target zone that the changes are considered "surgical." Through the use of three-dimensional computer-aided planning and the high degree of immobilization, the treatment can minimize the amount of radiation to healthy brain tissue.
		Stereotactic radiosurgery can be used in patients who have failed standard radiation techniques or in patients who have already received the maximum radiation dose permissible or whole brain radiation.
	www.irsa.org /radiosurgery.html (1402 words)

	Radiosurgery for Acoustic Neuromas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Radiosurgery was believed "successful" by 30 of 30 patients who had undergone prior surgery and by 81 (96%) of those who had not had prior resection.
		Radiosurgery was described as a "successful" treatment by 30 of 30 patients who had undergone prior surgery and by 81 (95%) of those who had not undergone a prior resection.
		Although one cannot state that the radiosurgery control rate is better than or similar to the surgical cure rate (because the tumor mass remains in the radiosurgery patient), both treatments seemed to provide a similar rate of prevention from problems referable to further tumor growth.
	www.neurosurgery.pitt.edu /imageguided/papers/acoustic.html (3688 words)

	Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Radiation therapy for brain tumors)
		Stereotactic radiosurgery is an important alternative to invasive surgery, especially for tumors and blood vessel abnormalities located deep within or close to vital areas of the brain.
		Radiosurgery is used to treat many types of brain tumors, both benign or malignant and primary or metastatic.
		Additionally, radiosurgery is used to treat arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), a tangle of expanded blood vessels that disrupts normal blood flow in the brain and is the leading cause of stroke in young people.
	www.radiologyinfo.org /content/therapy/stereotactic.htm (1590 words)

	Hemangioblastoma Radiosurgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Niemela et al in their series of 11 hemangioblastomas treated with radiosurgery showed reduction in the treated volume in six tumors at a median 30 months, and stabilization in another four patients at 14 months(11).
		Radiosurgery is a potential therapeutic option for these patients where resection of multiple tumors might be precluded because of brain location.
		Although radiosurgery does not quickly reduce mass effect and so may not be ideal for treating large cystic hemangioblastomas, it can be useful for patients with limited surgical options.
	www.neurosurgery.pitt.edu /imageguided/papers/hemangioblastomas.html (2123 words)

	London Radiosurgical Centre - Gamma Knife Surgery, Brain Surgery, Brain Tumour
		Radiosurgery is a minimally invasive primary approach for the definitive conservative treatment of brain tumours and other brain disorders.
		Gamma Knife radiosurgery is especially well-suited for lesions located near delicate structures and deep areas of the brain, where traditional surgery is of greater risk.
		Gamma Knife radiosurgery can be used in conjunction with chemotherapy, or as a boost to brain surgery or conventional radiotherapy, and is performed extensively as today's conservative approach for the treatment of various brain disorders.
	www.radiosurgery.co.uk (338 words)

	AVM / Stereotactic Radiosurgery
		Gamma Knife radiosurgery either alone or in combination with interventional microradiology (embolization) techniques is very attractive in children with complex deep seated or brain stem AVMs.
		Radiosurgery success is inversely related to the size and flow rate of AVMs.
		While the precise mechanism of radiosurgery's action on the AVM is still not clearly understood, it is thought to act on the endothelial cells lining its blood vessels.
	www.irsa.org /avms.html (1324 words)

	University of Florida Department of Neurosurgery
		Radiosurgery is ideal for treating arteriovenous malformations, acoustic neuromas, and tumors located deep within the brain.
		Generally, radiosurgery is the preferred choice when lesions or tumors are surgically inoperable, when they have recurred or remained after surgery, and when patients are either too weak for surgery or choose not to have a major procedure under general anesthesia.
		Radiosurgery also is used to treat those that have been partially removed or that have recurred after surgery.
	radsurg.ufl.edu /patient/understanding.html (2881 words)

	The Mount Sinai Clinical Program for Brain Tumors - Department of Neurosurgery - Mount Sinai School of Medicine
		Stereotactic radiosurgery is the very precise delivery of radiation to a brain tumor with sparing of the surrounding normal brain.
		Stereotactic Radiosurgery can be used to treat vascular lesions, such as arteriovenous malformations, and brain tumors (meningioma, acoustic neuroma, chordoma, pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma), pineal region tumors (germinoma, pinealocytoma, pinealoblastoma, gliomas, yolk sac tumor, malignant teratoma), recurrent gliomas.
		For this type of radiosurgery, a noninvasive relocatable system is developed for precise localization of the tumor during radiosurgery.
	www.mssm.edu /neurosurgery/brain_tumor/radiosurgery.shtml (677 words)

	Gamma Knife Radiosurgery For Brain Tumors
		Radiosurgery is a surgical procedure in which narrow beams of radiation are targeted to a volume of tissue within the brain.
		Tumors arising from the cavernous sinus and petroclival tumors of the posterior fossa are typical candidates for GK radiosurgery as the side effects of complex procedures for skull-based tumors are avoided.
		Recent studies indicate radiosurgery is useful in extending survival in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
	www.virtualtrials.com /gamma.cfm (1739 words)

	Stereotactic Radiosurgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Stereotactic Radiosurgery is a highly sophisticated procedure that delivers a large contoured dose of ionizing radiation to small intracranial targets while minimizing exposure to surrounding normal brain tissue.
		Unlike conventional radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery delivers a very high dose of radiation to the lesion under treatment while minimizing exposure to the rest of the brain and other structures inside the head.
		If a patient is selected as a candidate for radiosurgery, he or she will be offered a treatment day appointment, and their referring physician will be consulted.
	www.amc.edu /patient/Cancer_Center/stereotactic_radiosurgery.htm (1134 words)

	Montagno, EA and Sabbatini, RME: Radiosurgery [Brain & Mind Magazine, June/August 1997]
		Radiosurgery has arisen as the result of many scientific developments which have occurred in the fields of neuroimaging and radiosurgery, continue to expand its application areas in neurosurgery, oncology (cancer), surgery of head and neck, and other specialties.
		Radiosurgery started with Dr. Lars Leksell from the Karolinska Institute of Stokholm, Sweden, in the beginning of the 50's, in a joint development with Borje Larsson, from Upsalla University.
		Radiosurgery is indicated primarily for the therapy of tumors of the brain and of the hypophysis.
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n02/tecnologia/radiocirurg_i.htm (2184 words)

	Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Radiosurgery is a surgical procedure where narrow beams of radiation are targeted to a precisely defined volume of tissue within the brain.
		Radiosurgery is carried out through the cooperative efforts of a neurosurgeon, radiation oncologist and physicist.
		The cure of a brain tumor by radiosurgery means that the tumor loses its ability to grow and remains the same size, never growing again.
	www.sd-neurosurgeon.com /practice/gamma_knife.html (2220 words)

	Stereotactic Radiosurgery & Radiotherapy
		Stereotactic Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy are two of the newest techniques for treating brain tumors and other lesions.
		Both single fraction radiosurgery and multiple-fraction radiotherapy treatments are intended to improve a patient’s quality of life and decrease treatment related complications, by minimizing radiation dose to surrounding normal tissues.
		Radiosurgery patients should plan on being at the hospital for an entire day, arriving in the early morning and leaving early evening.
	www.cpmc.org /services/radiation-oncology/radiation/stereosurgery.html (708 words)

	Stereotactic Radiosurgery
		The rationale for fractionation of radiosurgery is the same as that for conventional radiation: It results in the highest "therapeutic ratio" (highest killing of tumor cells with the lowest effect on normal brain).
		For the meningiomas that are difficult to remove because of location, or for those that are recurrent after surgery and regular radiation, radiosurgery is particularly useful.
		The proton radiosurgery derives its advantage from the so-called "Bragg peak" that describes deposition of radiation dose from proton beams.
	virtualtrials.com /jhrs.cfm (1242 words)

	Radiation Oncology at the Cleveland Clinic
		Stereotactic Radiosurgery specifically refers to a procedure whereby x-ray or gamma-ray radiation is aimed at a focal point (e.g.
		Further; Stereotactic Radiosurgery is typically given as a single treatment (single fraction) whereas Stereotactic Radiotherapy is given as a course of treatments (multiple fractions).
		Stereotactic radiosurgery is considered an alternative to surgical resection in selected patients.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /radonc/spec_prog/rad_surg.html (639 words)

	Johns Hopkins Medicine Stereotactic Radiosurgery
		CONTACT US The Johns Hopkins Radiosurgery Group includes radiosurgery specialists committed to providing the highest quality radiosurgery treatment for each patient by utilizing the unique expertise, state of the art technologies, and extensive resources available at Johns Hopkins.
		The Johns Hopkins Radiosurgery Group includes neurosurgery specialists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, medical physicists, dosimetrists and other medical professionals who are committed to the practice of radiosurgery.
		Radiosurgery can successfully treat many different brain conditions, both benign and malignant.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /radiosurgery (256 words)

	CNI Stereotactic Radiosurgery - Colorado Neurological Institute - Englewood, CO
		Stereotactic radiosurgery is a state-of-the-art, non-invasive technique for the accurate localization and treatment of certain small intra-cranial lesions with radiation.
		Stereotactic radiosurgery is performed by a group of highly trained, board-certified professionals including a neurosurgeon, radiation oncologist, medical physicist, dosimetrist and radiation therapist.
		Since stereotactic radiosurgery is a non-invasive procedure and discomfort is minimal, the patient can plan on returning home to resume normal activities shortly after the procedure.
	thecni.org /s-stereotactic.htm (792 words)

	Mixed Outcomes for Radiosurgery in Brain Tumors
		Stereotactic radiosurgery involves the delivery of radiation to a very precise location in the brain, thus limiting damage to surrounding normal tissue.
		While the use of radiosurgery alone (without whole-brain radiation) for initial treatment of brain metastases does not appear to alter survival, it may increase the risk of recurrence or progression.
		Adding radiosurgery to treatment with external beam radiation and the chemotherapy drug carmustine does not appear to improve survival compared to treatment with external beam radiation and carmustine alone, but it does increase treatment toxicity.
	patient.cancerconsultants.com /news.aspx?id=34995 (554 words)

	Welcome to Cosmetic Physicians Society of Australasia
		Radiosurgery utilises radio waves in the same way that a laser utilises light waves.
		Vascular lesions can be safely and effectively obliterated through radiosurgery, with minimal discomfort and no risk of damage to distant tissues.
		In general, radiosurgery is a safe, reliable, and long established tool that allows the doctor to perform bloodless removal of many lesions without the use of a scalpel or stitching.
	www.cosmeticphysicians.org.au /index.asp?content=radiosurgery (392 words)

	Acoustic Neuroma Treatment: Realities, Expectations
		Many patients choose between radiosurgery and resection based on their own specific goals and their understanding of possible results.
		Surgeons perform stereotactic radiosurgery for small or medium-sized tumors with the goals of preserved neurological function and prevention of tumor growth.
		The long-term outcomes of radiosurgery, particularly with gamma knife technique, have proven its role in the primary or adjuvant management of this tumor.
	www.acousticneuroma.neurosurgery.pitt.edu (568 words)

	Stereotactic Radiosurgery History
		Pituitary lesioning and subsequently treatment of adenomas were the first successful applications of radiosurgery because of the ability to localize the sella turcica on plane radiographs.
		These limitations were first overcome for proton radiosurgery of the pituitary because of its midline symmetry and because of the presence of reliable bony landmarks visible on conventional radiographs.
		Three-dimensional stereotactic techniques were then applied to radiosurgery, but required continuous immobilization of the patient in the sterotactic apparatus from the time of imaging to the completion of the treatment.
	neurosurgery.mgh.harvard.edu /ProtonBeam/hist-pb.htm (1065 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Acoustic neuroma
		Radiosurgery is often performed in elderly or sick patients who are unable to tolerate brain surgery.
		Radiosurgery is often used post-operatively to treat residual tumor in these cases.
		Radiosurgery is only appropriate for small tumors, so that radiation damage to surrounding tissues can be minimized.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000778.htm (894 words)

	..::\| alti.gen.tr \|::.. ai yapay zeka artificial intelligence cancer kanser cinsel saðlýk robot robotic elektronik ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The study patients represented 6.5 percent of the patients with brain metastases who underwent radiosurgery between 1988 and 2000 at their institution.
		Twenty-one of the patients required additional radiosurgery procedures, the researchers note, with one patient (who lived for more than 10 years) requiring seven radiosurgeries.
		There were also no differences in radiosurgery dose; use of prior whole brain radiation therapy; volume of the largest tumor; or total tumor volume.
	www.alti.gen.tr (441 words)

	Accuray - CyberKnife® Stereotactic Radiosurgery System using image-guided robotics.
		The CyberKnife is cleared to provide radiosurgery for lesions anywhere in the body when radiation treatment is indicated.
		Cyberknife System is FDA cleared to provide radiosurgery for lesions anywhere in the body when radiation treatment is indicated.
		Dedicated to bringing together diverse medical professionals affiliated with radiosurgery worldwide to foster scholarly exchange of clinical information, and to educate the general public with patient information on treating medical conditions such as cancers, lesions & tumors.
	www.accuray.com /cyberknife.htm (231 words)

	Stereotactic Radiosurgery
		Introduction: The term radiosurgery (known as single fraction radiosurgery) was defined one half century ago to characterize the method of destroying diseased or dysfunctional tissue with a single large dose of irradiation delivered through stereotactically directed narrow radiation beams.
		Currently, there are three primary methods to deliver stereotactic irradiation: heavy charged particle beams (protons, helium, etc.), gamma irradiation emitted from a fixed array of cobalt-60 sources (gamma knife), and high energy photon irradiation produced with a linear accelerator (modified or dedicated units).
		This application of radiosurgery was developed by the recognition that tumors located outside the brain could benefit from stereotactic technology.
	www.childhoodbraintumor.org /Kuettel.html (918 words)

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