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Topic: Radiothermal generator

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	description of technology, power sources, vehicles, weapons, medical, cybernetics, fusion, stardrives, spacedrives
		The dampeners can be used to generate an artificial gravity field on board the ship, totally eliminating the degradation of the human body due to zero G. Secondly they can compensate for felt accleration, a huge benefit with the high output STL drives.
		Solar power for generating both heat and electicity are vastly improved since their rather token contribution in the late 20th century to effiencies of up to 80%.
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	www.krikkit.dk /projects/magellan/magtec.html (5773 words)

	Radiothermal generator. Who is Radiothermal generator? What is Radiothermal generator? Where is Radiothermal ...
		A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) uses the fact that radioactive materials (such as plutonium) generate heat as they decay into non-radioactive materials.
		The heat used is converted into electricity by an array of thermocouples which then power a lighthouse, or an interplanetary space probe.
		Fission generates very large amounts of heat, but is much more complex and not as reliable as simply using the heat produced by radioactive decay.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Radiothermal_generator (212 words)

	Radioisotope thermoelectric generator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay.
		In such a device, the heat released by the decay of a suitable radioactive material is converted into electricity using an array of thermocouples.
		Nuclear power stations generate power by a chain reaction in which the nuclear fission of an atom releases neutrons which cause other atoms to undergo fission.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radiothermal_generator (2104 words)

	wiki/Radiothermal generator Definition / wiki/Radiothermal generator Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generatorAn electrical generator is a device that produces electrical energy from a mechanical energy source.
		General description The formal properties of temperature are studied in thermodynamics....
		It should be noted that RTGs use a different process of heat generation from that used by nuclear powerA nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate (as opposed to a nuclear explosion, where the chain reaction occurs in a split second).
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Radiothermal_generator (4631 words)

	Power Generator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A generator allows you to be out two to three days, so you’re not losing money.” PTS is a consulting firm that does design work, construction, or construction management.
		To test, or if you think an outage is coming, turn the generator on first, synchronize the generator’s output with the utility’s power, and then open the switch to cut off the utility supply.
		A more common approach is simply to turn on the generator once a week or once a month, while the utility continues to provide power to the data center.
	www.discount-power-generator.org /coleman-8750-watt-generator.html (1094 words)

	Radioisotope thermoelectric generator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a very simple electrical generator which obtains its power from passive radioactive decay.
		Such a generator uses the fact that radioactive materials (such as plutonium-238) generate heat as they decay into non-radioactive materials.
		Nuclear power stations generate power by a nuclear chain reaction in which the nuclear fission of an atom releases neutrons which cause other atoms to undergo fission.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/radioisotope_thermoelectric_generator (1027 words)

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	Radiothermal - Portable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Portable generators are a great tool to have – both at home and on the road – and can be a simple alternative to sitting in the dark or cooking over a fire.
		Portable generators can give you access to the outside world that other people won't have without electricity, because you will be able to watch tv and listen to the radio and find out what the situation or emergency is.
		Portable generators also can be a source of heat, by simply plugging a heater in, in case it gets too cold.
	portable.us.com /radiothermal.html (404 words)

	New Horizons - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 2004, it was reported that this mission phase was in jeopardy due to a shortage of Plutonium-238, caused by the 2004 temporary shutdown of Los Alamos National Laboratory (where the Plutonium for the mission was being produced).
		Given that radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) output declines over time, this should allow spacecraft operations to continue until approximately 2025, by which point New Horizons will have reached a distance of 50-60 Astronomical Units.
		The spacecraft has the shape of a thick triangle with a cyclindrical RTG protruding from one vertex in the plane of the triangle and a 2.5 m radio dish antenna affixed to one flat side.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_Horizons (980 words)

	A Trip Into Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Note the American flags, color grid, and bicentennial symbols on the spacecraft, which were used for color balance.
		The RTG (radiothermal generator) cover is in the foreground with the flag.
		The S-band high-gain antenna is at the top center, and the other RTG cover is at the left.
	www.vias.org /spacetrip/mars_viking2lander.html (135 words)

	Encyclopedia: New Horizons
		The Kuiper belt (KYE per) is an area of the solar system extending from within the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU) to 50 AU from the sun, at inclinations consistent with the ecliptic.
		Atmosphere is the general name for a layer of gases that may surround a material body of sufficient mass.
		General In general physics delta-v is simply the change in velocity.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/New-Horizons (1842 words)

	NIS Trafficking
		Radiothermal generators are self-contained devices that convert radioactivity into electricity.
		Power is generated by a strontium or cesium core [a cylinder measuring approximately six inches long and four inches in diameter, or 15cm long and 10cm in diameter] containing up to 40,000 curies.
		The commission reported that nearly half of these generators no longer functioned, six were heavily damaged and emitting radiation, one was nearly buried in frozen mud, and at least one generator could not be located.
	www.nti.org /db/nistraff/2002/20020200.htm (552 words)

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	info: RADIOISOTOPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Radiogenic isotopes, such as carbon-14, are present because they are formed by the decay of longer-lived elements (this is how all the helium currently available was formed: although it is not radioactive, it escapes from the Earth easily, so helium is obtained from underground reservoirs).
		Radionuclide generators contain a parent isotope that decays to produce a radioisotope.
		A typical example is the technetium-99m generator used in nuclear medicine.
	www.info-vatican-city.com /Radioisotope (1312 words)

	Radioisotope thermoelectric generator biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		If the two junctions are at different temperatures, an electric current will flow in the loop.
		The radioactive material used must have a relatively short half-life so that it decays quickly enough to generate a usable amount of heat.
		However, the bi-metallic thermocouples used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy degrade as well; at the beginning of 2001, the power generated by the Voyager RTGs had dropped to 315 W for Voyager 1 and to 319 W for Voyager 2, so the thermocouples work at about 80%.
	www.biography.ms /Radiothermal_generator.html (948 words)

	JRL 3-18-02 - Russia, Nuclear Devices, Nuclear Terrorism, Dirty Bombs
		In Georgia, on the Black Sea, a search is underway for at least two of the devices, called radiothermal generators, or RTGs, believed to have been abandoned and then stolen after the closing of a Soviet military base.
		"The generators are placed on open land, are clearly visible from the sea and are visited by staff no more than once a year (in recent years, staff has not visited the sites at all)," said a report by a Russian commission that inspected the generators in 1997.
		One of the generators was nearly buried in frozen mud, it said, a second was lying in water and at least one could not be located.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/6141-14.cfm (1520 words)

	NIS Trafficking
		Generators of this type use the radioactive isotope strontium-90 to power some 100 lighthouses along the eastern side of the Gulf of Finland.
		It turned out that thieves had stolen the generator, removed about 500 kg of stainless steel, aluminum and lead that shielded the radioactive core powering the lighthouse, and dumped the latter onto the ice only 200 meters away.
		Radon specialists, together the navy and police, raised the generator core to the surface using pitchforks and spades.
	www.thenti.com /db/nistraff/2003/20030290.htm (391 words)

	Nukes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		But in the aftermath of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks, these aging but potentially lethal devices are being viewed in a troubling new light: as possible components in a weapon to be used in a terrorist strike.
		In the former Soviet republic of Georgia, on the Black Sea, a search is under way for at least two of the devices, called radiothermal generators, or RTGs, believed to have been abandoned and then stolen after the closing of a Soviet military base.
		"The generators are placed on open land, are clearly visible from the sea and are visited by staff no more than once a year (in recent years, staff has not visited the sites at all)," said a report by a Russian commission that inspected the generators in 1997.
	www.calguard.ca.gov /ia/Nukes/Nuclear%20litter%20of%20Soviet%20days.htm (1197 words)

	NTI: Global Security Newswire
		Small radioactive power generators left throughout the former Soviet Union could be a source of radioactive materials for terrorists looking to build a “dirty bomb,” the Washington Post reported today (see GSN, March 7).
		The radiothermal generators (RTGs) were used by the Soviet Union as power sources for navigational beacons and communication equipment in remote areas, according to the Post.
		“The generators are placed on open land, are clearly visible from the sea and are visited by staff no more than once a year (in recent years, staff has not visited the sites at all),” said a report from a Russian commission that inspected the Chukotka generators in 1997.
	204.71.60.36 /d_newswire/issues/2002/3/18/12s.html (450 words)

	Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
		The first 2 criteria limit the number of possible fuels to less then 30 atomic isotopes.
		Energy conversion devices which rely on the principle of thermionic emission can achieve efficiencies between 10-20%, but require higher temperatures then standard RTGs run at.
		Thermophotovoltaic cells degrade faster then thermocouples, especially in the presence of ionizing radiation.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Radiothermal_generator (1952 words)

	New Horizons -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		As maneuvering capability is limited, this phase of the mission is contingent on suitable KBOs close to New Horizon's flight path being identified.
		However, this issue was resolved, and New Horizons will fly with its originally-specified power generation capacity.
		Communication will be via (Click link for more info and facts about X band) X band at a rate of 768 bit/s from Pluto to a 70 m (Click link for more info and facts about Deep Space Network) Deep Space Network dish (38 Kbit/s at Jupiter).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/N/Ne/New_Horizons.htm (817 words)

	NTI: Global Security Newswire
		Small radioactive power generators left throughout the former Soviet Union could be a source of radioactive materials for terrorists looking to build a “dirty bomb,” the Washington Post reported today (see GSN, March 7).
		The radiothermal generators (RTGs) were used by the Soviet Union as power sources for navigational beacons and communication equipment in remote areas, according to the Post.
		“The generators are placed on open land, are clearly visible from the sea and are visited by staff no more than once a year (in recent years, staff has not visited the sites at all),” said a report from a Russian commission that inspected the Chukotka generators in 1997.
	www.nti.org /d_newswire/issues/thisweek/2002_3_19_othr.html (910 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Energy-Efficient Technologies for the Dismounted Soldier (1997)
		Many potential terrestrial applications for radiothermal generator technology are not being pursued, primarily because of public perception, the cost of materials, and environmental and safety issues.
		Before radiothermal generators can be widely used, the public perception of nuclear systems will have to change significantly.
		Indeed, an isotope that could be used in a power system begins to generate energy the moment it is made in a reactor and cannot be turned off.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/0309059348/html/219.html (602 words)

	Nuclear lighthouses to be replaced
		They are powered by so-called radio thermoelectric generators, or RTGs, in which the strong strontium source of energy produces heat to power a generator.
		The generator finally produces electricity to power the lamp in the lighthouse.
		The Russian government does not have an accurate account of where all the generators are located.
	bellona.no /en/international/russia/nuke-weapons/.../28067.html (1299 words)

	Cassini: A Poisonous Package for Saturn
		Eisenhower was president, automobiles had fins, and bountiful America was emulating the life of Ward, June and "the Beaver." The newly discovered power of atomic energy was still being tinkered with by the military, who were busy detonating nuclear bombs in America's Southwest, and vaporizing small Pacific islands to observe the effects.
		But, Plutonium generators, like the Eveready bunny, "keep on going." Back in 1959 the AEC clearly recognized the benefit of a perpetual generator for powering electrical equipment in everything from satellites to space probes, and the idea has been popular ever since.
		The satellite received its electrical power from a 4.5 pound, grapefruit-sized radiothermal generator that produced energy from the heat of its decaying radioisotopes.
	www.viewzone.com /cassini.html (2052 words)

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