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Topic: Radium chloride

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Chloride

Lead(II) chloride

Cerium(III) chloride

Barium chloride

Strontium chloride

Radium

Aluminum chloride

Silver(I) chloride

Magnesium chloride

Zinc chloride

Calcium chloride

Potassium chloride

IUPAC name

Medicine

Oxidation state

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	Radium - MSN Encarta
		Radium was discovered in the ore pitchblende by the French chemists Marie Curie and Pierre Curie in 1898.
		Radium is formed by the radioactive disintegration of uranium and is consequently found in all uranium ores.
		Radium is now used in the treatment of only a few kinds of cancer; radium chloride or radium bromide is enclosed in a sealed tube and inserted in the diseased tissue.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761554787 (521 words)

	Radium - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
		In 1902 radium was isolated into its pure metal by Curie and Andre Debierne through the electrolysis of a pure radium chloride solution by using a mercury cathode and distilling in an atmosphere of hydrogen gas.
		Radium was originally acquired from pitchblende ore from Joachimsthal, Bohemia (7 metric tons of pitchblende yields 1 gram of radium).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radium (1152 words)

	Radium chloride - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radium chloride is a white solid with a blue-green luminescence, especially when heated.
		It is less soluble in water than other alkaline earth metal chlorides, a fact which is used in the first stages of the separation of radium from barium by fractional crystallization.
		Radium chloride is still used for the initial stages of the separation of radium from barium during the extraction of radium from pitchblende.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Radium_chloride (277 words)

	Radium (Element) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Curie and Debierne by the electrolysis of a solution of pure radium chloride, employing a mercury cathode; on distillation in an atmosphere of hydrogen this amalgam yielded the pure metal.
		Radium is obtained commercially as the bromide or chloride; it is doubtful if any appreciable stock of the isolated element now exists.
		Radium is a radiological hazard and inhalation, injection, or body exposure can cause cancer and other body disorders.
	www.tamuk.edu /chemistry/WebElements/radium_element.htm (133 words)

	Radioactivity - LoveToKnow 1911
		Radium C is separated from radium B by adding nickel filings to a solution of the two.
		By the recoil method, radium B may be separated from radium A and C. The recoil method is one of the most definite and certain methods of settling whether an a ray product is simple or complex.
		Experiments on the evolution of heat from radium and its emanation have brought to light the enormous amount of energy accompanying the transformation of radioactive matter where a particles are emitted.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Radioactivity (11276 words)

	Radium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining at a higher temperature than their surroundings and for their which are of three kinds: alpha rays beta rays and gamma rays.
		Radium (Latin radius ray) was discovered by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre in 1898 in pitchblende / uraninite from North Bohemia.
		Radium has 25 different isotopes four of which are found in with radium-226 being the most common and Ra-223 Ra-224 Ra-226 and Ra-228 are all in the decay of either U or Th.
	www.freeglossary.com /Radium (1170 words)

	Wikinfo \| Radium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays.
		Radium is luminescent (giving a faint blue color), decomposes in water to form radium hydroxide and is a bit more volatile than barium.
		Radium (Latin radius, ray) was discovered by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre in 1898 in pitchblende/uraninite from North Bohemia.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=radium (1032 words)

	Radium Information Center - radium bc
		Radium preparations are remarkable radium drinking water violators for maintaining radium atom themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays.
		Radium is luminescent (giving a faint blue color), corrodes in water radium uses to form radium hydroxide and is a bit more volatile than barium.
		Radium (Latin radius, ray) was discovered by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre radium mp3 codec in 1898 in pitchblende/uraninite from North Bohemia.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Chemistry_Topics_Pr_-_R/Radium.html (1120 words)

	Radium (Ra) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium is a chemically reactive, silvery white, radioactive metallic element that oxidizes immediately upon exposure to air.
		The element is used in the form of radium chloride or radium bromide and almost never used in the metallic state.
		Radium chloride or radium bromide is enclosed in a sealed tube and inserted into the diseased tissue.
	www.bayerus.com /msms/fun/pages/periodic/radium (197 words)

	It's Elemental - The Element Radium
		Radium was discovered by Marie Sklodowska Curie, a Polish chemist, and Pierre Curie, a French chemist, in 1898.
		Radium had been used to make self-luminous paints for watches, aircraft instrument dials and other instrumentation, but has largely been replaced by cobalt-60, a less dangerous radioactive source.
		Radium is used to produce radon, a radioactive gas used to treat some types of cancer.
	education.jlab.org /itselemental/ele088.html (281 words)

	Radium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Detection of the nuclear decay of radium, as indicated by the emanation of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation, was in part responsible for the revolution of physics that occurred between 1895 and 1910, for it had previously thought that atoms were permanent and indestructible entities.
		Radium is the heaviest of the alkaline-earth metals.
		Radium is used as a portable source of neutron radiation in medicine and industry.
	nobel.scas.bcit.ca /resource/ptable/ra.htm (346 words)

	Encyclopedia
		Radium is a silver-white metal that oxidizes immediately upon exposure to air.
		ISOTOPE,) of radium, ranging in mass number from 206 to 232, the most abundant is the isotope of mass 226.
		Small amounts of radium were once used in the production of luminous paint, and applied to clock dials, doorknobs, and other objects, to make them glow in the dark.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..ra005300.a (552 words)

	Radium Summary
		Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations, which are of three kinds: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
		Radium (usually in the form of radium chloride) is used in medicine to produce radon gas which in turn is used as a cancer treatment.
		Radium was originally acquired from pitchblende ore from Joachimsthal, Bohemia (7 metric tons of pitchblende yields 1 gram of radium).
	www.bookrags.com /Radium (3281 words)

	EPA-MAIA - High Radium Levels in Anne Arundel County Drinking Water Corrected (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium is naturally occurring; radium-contaminated groundwater is the result of a natural hydrogeological process and possibly compounded by human factors.
		Radium is also released when the groundwater contains high amounts of dissolved solids, particularly sodium and chloride, which indicates that human activity may contribute to the problem.
		Because two of the aquifers (Patapsco and Magothy) having high radium concentrations in the Anne Arundel County study are used throughout the upper Chesapeake Bay area, MDE was concerned that the problem may not be limited to Anne Arundel County.
	www.epa.gov /maia/html/aaradium.html (1242 words)

	1913: The U.S. Curie Standard
		The preparation of a radium standard was assigned to Marie Curie, and in 1911 she prepared 21.99 milligrams of pure radium chloride in a sealed glass tube.
		This radium standard is preserved at the National Bureau of Standards at Washington, D.C., and is the primary radium standard of the United States.
		Radium needles and radon seeds (sealed glass bulbs containing the emanation from milligram quantities of radium) were used in what is still called in Europe, endocurietherapy.
	physics.nist.gov /GenInt/Curie/1913.html (864 words)

	Radium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is purged from the radium and sealed in minute tubes, which are used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
		Radium is used in the producing of self-luminous paints, neutron sources, and in medicine for the treatment of disease.
		Radium loses about 1% of its activity in 25 years, being transformed into elements of lower atomic weight.
	www.scescape.net /~woods/elements/radium.html (430 words)

	Radium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium (Ra) is a rare radioactive metal found with naturally occurring URANIUM (about 1 part radium to 3 million parts uranium).
		In the early part of the 20th century, radium was recovered from mines in Bohemia and for other mineralized deposits in Australia, England, the Malagasy Republic, Portugal, the USSR and the Republic of South Africa.
		Radium was recovered as a byproduct of uranium at the Port Hope refinery until 1953.
	tceplus.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006647 (286 words)

	Radium Chloride: Historical Use in Isolating Radium and Understanding Radioactivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium, atomic number 88, is a silver white metal that is naturally radioactive.
		Radium was named for its radioactive properties, but polonium was named for the scientist's homeland, Poland, which had been erased temporarily from the map of Europe by oppressor countries.
		The Curies noted that radium behaved chemically very similarly to the element barium with which it was mixed in the ore, and that they would have to devise a method to separate radium from barium in processing pitchblende.
	www.science-education.org /classroom_activities/chlorine_compound/radium_chloride.html (1030 words)

	Ra - Radium
		Curie and Debierne by; theelectrolysis of a solution of pure radium chloride, employing a mercury cathode; ondistillation in an atmosphere of hydrogen this amalgam yielded the pure metal.
		The carnotite sands of Colorado furnish some radium, but richer ores are found inthe Republic of Zaire and the Great Lake region of Canada.
		Radium is present in alluranium minerals, and could be extracted, if desired, from the extensive wastes of uraniumprocessing.
	www.physlink.com /Reference/ChemicalElements/radium.cfm (134 words)

	Radium
		In fact, after her extensive study of radium, and later uranium, Marie Curie became and advocate of X-ray technology, teaching over 150 women to use X-rays to aid doctors around the time of World War I. Unfortunately, from their continued work with the radioactive element, both Marie and her husband Pierre became sick from overexposure.
		Radium was first found in Bohemia in the rich pitchblence ore. Some can also be found in the Carnotite sands of Colorado, although richer supplies exist in regions of Zaire, Africa and the Great Bear Lake region of Canada.
		Radium is also used in self-luminous paints, various medicines, and as a source of neutrons.
	www.chemistry.pomona.edu /Chemistry/periodic_table/Elements/Radium/radium.htm (645 words)

	C&EN: IT'S ELEMENTAL: THE PERIODIC TABLE - RADIUM
		-emitter cations (uranium, protoactinium, thorium, actinium, polonium, bismuth) on barium (radium) chloride precipitation was examined.
		Then the radium half-life could be determined from this count rate for a known radium weight.
		Radium was used in the mid-1900s in a luminous paint to make the hands and numbers on watches glow in the dark.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/80th/radium.html (752 words)

	Radium, Radium Salts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Where I need help is in understanding what the differences are in radium chloride, radium salt, and pure radium metal.
		I guess radium oxide is not considered a salt.
		Radium is a lot like sodium, except a little heavier, a lot duller, glows in the dark, and deadly sneaky poisonous.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem03/chem03262.htm (432 words)

	Marie Curie: First edition in English of Curie's famous doctoral thesis, 1903
		The results to which I was led by this work promised to afford so interesting a field that M. Curie put aside the work on which he was engaged, and joined me, our object being the extraction of new radioactive substances and the further study of their properties.
		The preparation of the pure chloride of radium and the determination of the atomic weight of radium form the chief part of my own work.
		During this period Curie "made the first measurement of radioactive radiation, demonstrated the radioactive properties of thorium, discovered polonium and radium, described the atomic nature of radioactivity, prepared pure radium chloride, determined the atomic weight of radium, observed induced radioactivity...
	www.theworldsgreatbooks.com /curie.htm (477 words)

	radium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium is present in all uranium minerals, and could be extracted, if desired, from the extensive wastes of uranium processing.
		This is pumped from the radium and sealed in minute tubes, which are used in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
		Radium is used in producing self-luminous paints, neutron sources, and in medicine for the treatment of disease.
	www.speclab.com /elements/radium.htm (442 words)

	CRCPress Periodic Table Online: Cadmium
		Radium is present in all uranium minerals, and could be extracted, if desired, from the extensive wastes of uranium processing.
		Thirty-six isotopes are now known; radium 226, the common isotope, has a half-life of 1599 years.
		Radium is used in producing self-luminous paints, neutron sources, and in medicine for the treatment of cancer.
	chemnetbase.com /periodic_table/elements/radium.htm (424 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : radium : key information
		Radium paint was used in the mid 1900s to paint the hands and numbers of some clocks and watches.
		The paint was composed of radium salts and a phosphor and glowed in the dark.
		Radium is extremely scarce but found in uranium ores such as pitchblende at slightly more than 1g in 10 tonnes of ore. It may be made on very small scale by the electrolysis of molten radium chloride, RaCl
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/Ra/key.html (360 words)

	Hydrogeology and Hydrology Program: Radium in ground water
		For samples with sodium and chloride concentrations greater than these amounts, the sodium:chloride molar ratios were almost exactly 1:1, suggesting that the source has a sodium:chloride ratio of 1:1 as well.
		Potential sodium chloride sources in the study area include de-icing salts applied to roads and driveways, brine water used to backflush water-softening systems, brackish-water intrusion, and septic-system effluent.
		The relations between radium concentrations and pH, specific conductance, and major-ion concentrations in the Magothy Formation and Potomac Group aquifers strongly suggest that sorption/desorption processes play a major role in the occurrence of radium in ground water in the area.
	www.mgs.md.gov /hydro/radsum.html (1012 words)

	Science in Poland - Maria Sklodowska-Curie
		Turning to minerals, her attention was drawn to pitchblende, a mineral whose activity, superior to that of pure uranium, could only be explained by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity.
		In 1918 the Radium Institute, the staff of which Irène had joined, began to operate in earnest, and it was to become a universal centre for nuclear physics and chemistry.
		Radium was discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie in pitchblende (or uraninite) from North Bohemia.
	www.staff.amu.edu.pl /~zbzw/ph/sci/msc.htm (2347 words)

	Lateral Science - Discovery of Radium, by Marie Curie
		I extracted from the mineral the radium-bearing barium and this, in the state of chloride, I submitted to a fractional crystallization.
		The radium accumulated in the least soluble parts, and I believed that this process must lead to the separation of the chloride of radium.
		We examined the radium salts we obtained with the aim of discovering their powers and we loaned samples of the salts to several scientists, in particular to Henri Becquerel.
	www.lateralscience.co.uk /radium/RaDisc.html (2742 words)

	F. Davies Hyper-Text Untitled Document
		of radium in 7 tons of pitchblende: The element was isolated in 1911 by Mme.
		Radium is present in all uranium minerals, andcould be extracted, if desired, from the extensive wastes of uranium processing.
		The recom- mended maximum allowable concentration for total body content is 0.1 microgram and exposure to 2 roentgens/mo. Radium in the form of the chloride or btomide is available without A.E.C. permit at a cost of about $25 to $50/milli- gram, plus service charges.
	pte.8k.com /EL088.html (517 words)

	The Chlorine Compound of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radium Chloride: Historical Use in Isolating Radium and Understanding Radioactivity.
		Radium chloride, RaCl2, played an important role in separating the element radium from uranium ore by history's most famous scientist couple, Marie Sklodowska Curie (also known as Madame Curie) and her husband, Pierre Curie.
		From the childhood fairy tale of that rascal Rumpelstilskin, who had the power to spin straw into gold, to the adult world of finance and the gold standard, gold is seen as a symbol of great value.
	www.science-education.org /classroom_activities/chlorine_compound (1981 words)

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